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outline29786 - American Academy of Optometry
outline29786 - American Academy of Optometry

...  No racial predilection, equally effects males and females  Early clinical signs are subtle, therefore diagnosis may be delayed  Does not typically have signs of pain or ocular irritation, unless IOP is elevated  Corneal edema, ciliary congestion and uveitis not usually seen despite elevated IOP ...
neurologic causes of canine anisocoria
neurologic causes of canine anisocoria

... 1. Determine whether one or both pupils are abnormal in size 2. Localize the lesion responsible for anisocoria. Miosis refers to smaller than normal pupil size, while mydriasis refers to larger than normal pupil size. NEUROANATOMY Visual Pathway The visual pathway (Figure 2 ) is composed of the reti ...
Advanced Capabilities of the Multimodal
Advanced Capabilities of the Multimodal

... structures which may cause Brownian motion). The line is then slowly scanned across the retina but build an x-y-t data cube. The data cube is then processed (primarily by fast Fourier transform) to produce an x-y-f data cube, or a set of Doppler power images. The linear array detector integration ti ...
Jeannerod (1979) Corollary discharge. Its possible
Jeannerod (1979) Corollary discharge. Its possible

... IN VISUAL AND O C U L O M O T O R INTERACTIONS MARC JEANNEROD, HENRY KENNEDY and MICHEL MAGNIN ...
open the file
open the file

...  Normal function of optical nerve, tractus opticus and optical radiation ...
Ocular Blood Flow and its Determination and Relevance in Glaucoma
Ocular Blood Flow and its Determination and Relevance in Glaucoma

... arising from central retinal artery. The temporal nerve fiber layer may have an additional supply from cilioretinal artery when ever present. The pre-laminar region is supplied by branches of the short posterior ciliary artery and via vessels originating from circle of Zinn and Haller. The laminar r ...
Localization and characterization of substance P binding
Localization and characterization of substance P binding

... (Fig. 5). Silver grains were localized primarily in the inner plexiform (IPL) and ganglion cell layers (GCL). A few scattered grains were also detected in the outer ...
IronHide
IronHide

... • New surgical procedures, including PRK and LASEK, are creating more opportunities for people who want to be less dependent on glasses or contacts. • Surgery may not entirely eliminate your need for corrective lenses. Glasses/contacts may still be needed for activities such as fine or detailed work ...
What is refractive surgery?
What is refractive surgery?

... • New surgical procedures, including PRK and LASEK, are creating more opportunities for people who want to be less dependent on glasses or contacts. • Surgery may not entirely eliminate your need for corrective lenses. Glasses/contacts may still be needed for activities such as fine or detailed work ...
Hereditary eye disease in dogs - The English Shetland Sheepdog
Hereditary eye disease in dogs - The English Shetland Sheepdog

... grey streaks to multiple focal sites of tapetal hyperreflectivity, which may or may not be associated with hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (probably indicative of long-standing detachment). Irregularly shaped (geographic) areas of retinal dysplasia, often with an associated, limited re ...
Ocular pigmentation in white and Siamese cats.
Ocular pigmentation in white and Siamese cats.

... thickness was in the range of 10 to 20 /Am in these cats. A heavy infiltration of pigment obscured the nuclei of the choroidal cells, but bleaching revealed the nuclei to be of variable size and shape with no unambiguous identifying characteristics. The thickness of the choroid was due mainly to blo ...
Towards a New Ophthalmic Biology and Physiology
Towards a New Ophthalmic Biology and Physiology

... transplantation experiments. ...
The effect of combined daunorubicin and triamcinolone
The effect of combined daunorubicin and triamcinolone

... The rate of retinal detachment in eyes receiving daunorubicin alone was found to be 43.8% in our experiments. This rate is slightly higher than that shown by Khawly et al,9 who demonstrated a 25% rate of retinal detachment in groups treated with daunorubicin. This discrepancy may be explained by a d ...
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel - Trin
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel - Trin

... Trends in Neuroscience, 5, 145-152 ...
1 Ophthalmologic considerations in maxillofacial trauma Anatomy
1 Ophthalmologic considerations in maxillofacial trauma Anatomy

... determined by palpation. The intercanthal distance is measured. Orbital rims are palpated with firm digital pressure to access subcutaneous or bony crepitation. Cotton aplicators may be used to evert the lids and carefully probe lacerations (Fig. 4). Proptosis or enophthalmos are often difficult to ...
2006 Annual Report - University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center
2006 Annual Report - University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center

... a more sustained conversation would help to advance the research of all those who study retinal cell death and related diseases. Two years ago, with a colleague from California, he created a Special Interest Group at the annual meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Nea ...
Download/open the PDF file
Download/open the PDF file

... There are several types of refractive surgery used to treat presbyopia: monovision surgery and surgery that leaves the patient with a low degree of myopia in both eyes. “Pseudo-Accommodative Cornea” – a style of LASIK surgery - became available recently, which reshapes the cornea, enabling it to foc ...
Exp Eye Res 112: 118-124 (Jul 2013)
Exp Eye Res 112: 118-124 (Jul 2013)

... pressure or perfusion pressure under normal conditions. The regulatory mechanisms responsible for this non-passive BF behavior include both local and neural control mechanisms. This study evaluated cerebral BF (CBF), retinal BF (RBF) and choroidal BF (ChBF) responses to acute blood pressure increase ...
31.4 Senses PowerPoint
31.4 Senses PowerPoint

... How do the eyes and brain produce vision? Vision occurs when photoreceptors in the eyes transmit impulses to the brain, which translates these impulses into images. ...
Complement Deposits on Ocular Tissues Adjacent to
Complement Deposits on Ocular Tissues Adjacent to

... in experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU) was studied by comparing the course of intraocular inflammation in normal Lewis rats and rats that were complement depleted with cobra venom factor. The severity of the disease was reduced in complement-depleted rats, showing that complement, especia ...
CONSTELLATION® Vision System
CONSTELLATION® Vision System

... flow rate / lumen area /cut rate. attraction. If the flow rate is increased, the length of pull of collaFigure 1 shows the flow rate vs the distance for all gen fibril is increased, vitreous traction is increased, three gauges. Figure 2 shows the vacuum required for decreasing safety. Conversely, if ...
The Acute Red Eye and Ocular Trauma
The Acute Red Eye and Ocular Trauma

... Beta carotene – Now could be substituted for lutein/zeaxanthin Vitamin C Vitamin E Zinc oxide ...
Endoscope-assisted vitrectomy Mihori Kita CITATION Kita M
Endoscope-assisted vitrectomy Mihori Kita CITATION Kita M

... However, the size of the image can be enlarged with a special instrument called the iS Board (Fiber Tec, Tokyo, Japan), which can modify the size, contrast, brightness and color tone of the image in real-time. The iS Board allows ophthalmologists to more easily perform endoscopic vitrectomies in MIV ...
Lateral canthotomy and cantholysis: a simple, vision
Lateral canthotomy and cantholysis: a simple, vision

... Indications for LCC An elevation in IOP is evidenced by either a tonometry reading greater than 40 mm Hg or a marked difference in globe compressibility on palpation over a closed lid.2 Tonometry, either with a tonopen or a shiotz tonometer is the preferred method of assessing IOP, however this inst ...
Eye injuries - Safety Awakenings
Eye injuries - Safety Awakenings

... Feeling that something is moving around the eye when it is closed Scratching sensation over your eye when blinking Blurred vision or loss of vision in the affected eye Bleeding into the white part of the eye OR the coloured area – this indicates a significant injury. o Can’t stand the light ...
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Retina



The retina (/ˈrɛtɪnə/ RET-i-nə, pl. retinae, /ˈrɛtiniː/; from Latin rēte, meaning ""net"") is the third and inner coat of the eye which is a light-sensitive layer of tissue. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina (through the cornea and lens), which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses. These are sent to various visual centres of the brain through the fibres of the optic nerve.In vertebrate embryonic development, the retina and the optic nerve originate as outgrowths of the developing brain, so the retina is considered part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is actually brain tissue. It is the only part of the CNS that can be visualized non-invasively.The retina is a layered structure with several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses. The only neurons that are directly sensitive to light are the photoreceptor cells. These are mainly of two types: the rods and cones. Rods function mainly in dim light and provide black-and-white vision, while cones support daytime vision and the perception of colour. A third, much rarer type of photoreceptor, the intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cell, is important for reflexive responses to bright daylight.Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons of the retina. The output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. Several important features of visual perception can be traced to the retinal encoding and processing of light.
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