The optic disc in glaucoma, III: diffuse optic disc pallor with raised
... fibres are most easily seen adjacent to the upper and lower temporal quadrants of the optic disc. Visual field loss in glaucoma is associated with a vertical enlargement of the orifice of the optic cup (Kirsch and Anderson, 1973; Weisman, A. et al., 1973; Portnoy, 1975) following loss of neurones an ...
... fibres are most easily seen adjacent to the upper and lower temporal quadrants of the optic disc. Visual field loss in glaucoma is associated with a vertical enlargement of the orifice of the optic cup (Kirsch and Anderson, 1973; Weisman, A. et al., 1973; Portnoy, 1975) following loss of neurones an ...
Imaging of the Lamina Cribrosa in Glaucoma: Perspectives of
... The lamina cribrosa (LC) is a sieve-like structure in the sclera where retinal ganglion cell axons exit from the eye. The LC has been known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. With the advent of imaging technologies, such as enhanced depth imaging, spectral-domain optical cohere ...
... The lamina cribrosa (LC) is a sieve-like structure in the sclera where retinal ganglion cell axons exit from the eye. The LC has been known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. With the advent of imaging technologies, such as enhanced depth imaging, spectral-domain optical cohere ...
Impact of Repeated Topical-Loaded Manganese
... investigate axonal transport deficit caused by microtubule disruption or oxidative stress.19–22 Dynamic imaging following a single Mn2þ intravitreal injection may provide a quantitative evaluation of axonal transport in optic nerves, which may provide new insights to RGC damage involved in glaucoma ...
... investigate axonal transport deficit caused by microtubule disruption or oxidative stress.19–22 Dynamic imaging following a single Mn2þ intravitreal injection may provide a quantitative evaluation of axonal transport in optic nerves, which may provide new insights to RGC damage involved in glaucoma ...
DRI OCT-1 Abstracts DRI OCT-1
... lobular region, usually inferior to the optic nerve, which was invariably tilted. The sclera was bowed posteriorly under the region of the intrachoroidal cavitation, while the overlying retina-retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane complex showed little, if any deformation. Full-thickness defects ...
... lobular region, usually inferior to the optic nerve, which was invariably tilted. The sclera was bowed posteriorly under the region of the intrachoroidal cavitation, while the overlying retina-retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane complex showed little, if any deformation. Full-thickness defects ...
History of Vitreoretinal Surgery
... much shorter than with 25-gauge instruments. In addition, distinctly higher infusion and aspiration rates could safely be expected with the 23- gauge system than are obtained with the 25-gauge system, so that careful and extensive vitreous removal – which should continue to be the standard routine – ...
... much shorter than with 25-gauge instruments. In addition, distinctly higher infusion and aspiration rates could safely be expected with the 23- gauge system than are obtained with the 25-gauge system, so that careful and extensive vitreous removal – which should continue to be the standard routine – ...
Vitreous Substitutes - Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology
... the space between the lens and the retina.1 Until recently functions of vitreous apart from its mechanical and optical presence, was not well understood. Now we know that vitreous, not only maintains the intra ocular pressure but also plays an important role in nourishment of the eye.2 The ideal vit ...
... the space between the lens and the retina.1 Until recently functions of vitreous apart from its mechanical and optical presence, was not well understood. Now we know that vitreous, not only maintains the intra ocular pressure but also plays an important role in nourishment of the eye.2 The ideal vit ...
Grand Rounds - Posters On Demand 2009
... The remaining authors have no financial interest in the subject matter of this poster. ...
... The remaining authors have no financial interest in the subject matter of this poster. ...
PD Lecture 1999 - Neuropathology
... What special technique might be helpful for demonstrating benign cytology? ...
... What special technique might be helpful for demonstrating benign cytology? ...
Orbits, Vision, and Visual Loss - isabelle m. germano, md, facs, faans
... visual disturbances and/or ophthalmoplegia may be caused by such conditions as tumors, infections, inflammations, and vascular disorders, which may be found at any location along the visual pathway extending from the globe to the occipital lobes. Therefore, the choice of appropriate imaging techniqu ...
... visual disturbances and/or ophthalmoplegia may be caused by such conditions as tumors, infections, inflammations, and vascular disorders, which may be found at any location along the visual pathway extending from the globe to the occipital lobes. Therefore, the choice of appropriate imaging techniqu ...
Pupillary Abnormalities
... Note the pupillary constriction of both eyes. When the beam is swung from eye to eye, the bilateral pupil constriction should not change and both pupils should hold their degree of constriction. If an RAPD is present then when light is shone on to the abnormal pupil, both pupils appear to dilate bec ...
... Note the pupillary constriction of both eyes. When the beam is swung from eye to eye, the bilateral pupil constriction should not change and both pupils should hold their degree of constriction. If an RAPD is present then when light is shone on to the abnormal pupil, both pupils appear to dilate bec ...
PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF POSTERIOR SEGMENT INJURIES
... (blunt or penetrating), chemical agents, or radiation (ultraviolet or ionizing) 1. Posterior segment eye structures include the vitreous humour, retina, optic nerve and choroid. These injuries may include posterior segment blood vessel lacerations. Kikuyu Eye Unit (KEU) is a tertiary eye care centre ...
... (blunt or penetrating), chemical agents, or radiation (ultraviolet or ionizing) 1. Posterior segment eye structures include the vitreous humour, retina, optic nerve and choroid. These injuries may include posterior segment blood vessel lacerations. Kikuyu Eye Unit (KEU) is a tertiary eye care centre ...
Acute angle-closure glaucoma in retinopathy of prematurity
... pediatric ROP is not as easy as management in adult patients. It is possible that ROP patients have some developmental structural abnormalities such as high iris convexity or posterior synechiae [9]. The anterior chamber status of ROP patients should be carefully evaluated before pupil dilation to r ...
... pediatric ROP is not as easy as management in adult patients. It is possible that ROP patients have some developmental structural abnormalities such as high iris convexity or posterior synechiae [9]. The anterior chamber status of ROP patients should be carefully evaluated before pupil dilation to r ...
v12a165-suarez pgmkr
... were cauterized, and the animals were kept alive for 21 weeks after episcleral vein occlusion. The IOP was measured in both eyes 45 days before the episcleral vein operation to obtain the basal pressure values (15.2±2.2 mm Hg). One week after cauterization, both the nonoperated control and cauterize ...
... were cauterized, and the animals were kept alive for 21 weeks after episcleral vein occlusion. The IOP was measured in both eyes 45 days before the episcleral vein operation to obtain the basal pressure values (15.2±2.2 mm Hg). One week after cauterization, both the nonoperated control and cauterize ...
- Ophthalmology
... Len Levin has taught us a great deal about what factors influence the life and death of retinal ganglion cells and their axons in the optic nerve. These leaders have used different approaches and investigational methods, but it has been the constants of careful observation, deep thinking, and integra ...
... Len Levin has taught us a great deal about what factors influence the life and death of retinal ganglion cells and their axons in the optic nerve. These leaders have used different approaches and investigational methods, but it has been the constants of careful observation, deep thinking, and integra ...
FULL TEXT PDF - An International Journal of Experimental and
... suture tarsorrhaphy. At experiment days 5, 10, 15 and 20, four rats from the experimental group and two rats from the control group were euthanized, their eyeballs harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning and Masson’s trichrome staining. The photomicrographs were ...
... suture tarsorrhaphy. At experiment days 5, 10, 15 and 20, four rats from the experimental group and two rats from the control group were euthanized, their eyeballs harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning and Masson’s trichrome staining. The photomicrographs were ...
Basic Sciences- Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
... normally functions as a neurotransmitter in the retina. Ischemia can produce excess levels of extracellular glutamate, which may lead to cell death through a complex series of cellular events that involves glutamate receptors and Ca+ + influx into the cell.Elevated levels of glutamate in the vitreou ...
... normally functions as a neurotransmitter in the retina. Ischemia can produce excess levels of extracellular glutamate, which may lead to cell death through a complex series of cellular events that involves glutamate receptors and Ca+ + influx into the cell.Elevated levels of glutamate in the vitreou ...
Diagnosis and Management of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
... normally functions as a neurotransmitter in the retina. Ischemia can produce excess levels of extracellular glutamate, which may lead to cell death through a complex series of cellular events that involves glutamate receptors and Ca+ + influx into the cell.Elevated levels of glutamate in the vitreou ...
... normally functions as a neurotransmitter in the retina. Ischemia can produce excess levels of extracellular glutamate, which may lead to cell death through a complex series of cellular events that involves glutamate receptors and Ca+ + influx into the cell.Elevated levels of glutamate in the vitreou ...
File
... • Myopia (nearsightedness)—focal point is in front of the retina, e.g. in a longer than normal eyeball • Corrected with a concave lens • results in seeing close objects without a problem but distant objects are blurred. ...
... • Myopia (nearsightedness)—focal point is in front of the retina, e.g. in a longer than normal eyeball • Corrected with a concave lens • results in seeing close objects without a problem but distant objects are blurred. ...
Diagnosis and Management of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
... normally functions as a neurotransmitter in the retina. Ischemia can produce excess levels of extracellular glutamate, which may lead to cell death through a complex series of cellular events that involves glutamate receptors and Ca+ + influx into the cell.Elevated levels of glutamate in the vitreou ...
... normally functions as a neurotransmitter in the retina. Ischemia can produce excess levels of extracellular glutamate, which may lead to cell death through a complex series of cellular events that involves glutamate receptors and Ca+ + influx into the cell.Elevated levels of glutamate in the vitreou ...
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Differentiation and Dedifferentiation 7
... cells are mobile and fibroblastic [29], whereas non-dividing or poorly dividing cells retain an epithelioid shape [10]. Although the fibroblastic phenotype of the RPE abounds in tissue culture [21, 24], the macrophagic form that is so common in pathological conditions is rarely observed in RPE cultu ...
... cells are mobile and fibroblastic [29], whereas non-dividing or poorly dividing cells retain an epithelioid shape [10]. Although the fibroblastic phenotype of the RPE abounds in tissue culture [21, 24], the macrophagic form that is so common in pathological conditions is rarely observed in RPE cultu ...
Quantitative reflection spectroscopy at the human ocular fundus
... the fundus has to be regarded as a structure of thin layers showing very different optical properties (Hammer et al 1995). Unfortunately, an analytic solution of the radiation transport equation is not available for this geometry (Ishimaru 1978). Thus, the problem has to be solved numerically or by ...
... the fundus has to be regarded as a structure of thin layers showing very different optical properties (Hammer et al 1995). Unfortunately, an analytic solution of the radiation transport equation is not available for this geometry (Ishimaru 1978). Thus, the problem has to be solved numerically or by ...
Pupil abnormalities
... There are a number of excellent reviews of this subject for the interested reader1-3. The pupil is the diaphragm through which light enters the eye. Its size is determined by many factors including afferent drive from the retina, central processing in the brainstem, the balance of ‘tone’ in the auto ...
... There are a number of excellent reviews of this subject for the interested reader1-3. The pupil is the diaphragm through which light enters the eye. Its size is determined by many factors including afferent drive from the retina, central processing in the brainstem, the balance of ‘tone’ in the auto ...
Optical Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Ophthalmology: Current
... It has been hypothesized that macular edema in eyes with severe ROP could be either a mechanical traction exerted on the macula or a response to biochemical modulators, including higher concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which could facilitate increased vascular permeabilit ...
... It has been hypothesized that macular edema in eyes with severe ROP could be either a mechanical traction exerted on the macula or a response to biochemical modulators, including higher concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which could facilitate increased vascular permeabilit ...
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Ameliorates the Blood
... using Evans blue. Markedly increased retinal vascular permeability was observed in diabetic control animals compared with nondiabetic control animals and diabetic animals receiving HBO. Furthermore, HBO significantly lowered retinal vascular permeability in diabetic control animals to near-control l ...
... using Evans blue. Markedly increased retinal vascular permeability was observed in diabetic control animals compared with nondiabetic control animals and diabetic animals receiving HBO. Furthermore, HBO significantly lowered retinal vascular permeability in diabetic control animals to near-control l ...
Anaerobic bacterial endophthalmitis in the rabbit.
... laboratory data furthered the attempt to define the biochemical or biophysical basis for specific types of cataractous change. Presently, the high cost of this camera (exceeding $20,000) precludes its use by many laboratories wishing to do human lens research. This study describes an inexpensive (le ...
... laboratory data furthered the attempt to define the biochemical or biophysical basis for specific types of cataractous change. Presently, the high cost of this camera (exceeding $20,000) precludes its use by many laboratories wishing to do human lens research. This study describes an inexpensive (le ...
Retina
The retina (/ˈrɛtɪnə/ RET-i-nə, pl. retinae, /ˈrɛtiniː/; from Latin rēte, meaning ""net"") is the third and inner coat of the eye which is a light-sensitive layer of tissue. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina (through the cornea and lens), which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses. These are sent to various visual centres of the brain through the fibres of the optic nerve.In vertebrate embryonic development, the retina and the optic nerve originate as outgrowths of the developing brain, so the retina is considered part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is actually brain tissue. It is the only part of the CNS that can be visualized non-invasively.The retina is a layered structure with several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses. The only neurons that are directly sensitive to light are the photoreceptor cells. These are mainly of two types: the rods and cones. Rods function mainly in dim light and provide black-and-white vision, while cones support daytime vision and the perception of colour. A third, much rarer type of photoreceptor, the intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cell, is important for reflexive responses to bright daylight.Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons of the retina. The output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. Several important features of visual perception can be traced to the retinal encoding and processing of light.