Evaporators and Condensers
... Evaporators and condensers are sensible heat exchangers in which one of the fluids, the refrigerant, changes phase. They are constructed similar to the sensible heat exchangers described in Chapter 13. An evaporator in a chilled water system would typically be a shell and tube exchanger with refrige ...
... Evaporators and condensers are sensible heat exchangers in which one of the fluids, the refrigerant, changes phase. They are constructed similar to the sensible heat exchangers described in Chapter 13. An evaporator in a chilled water system would typically be a shell and tube exchanger with refrige ...
REFRACTORY ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
... 1.3 The effect of furnace shape on heat losses Rolling furnaces of the same thickness have linings with a smaller surface With the same type of lining rolling furnaces basically have less losses For a given thickness of external insulation there is required a thickness of internal lining for c ...
... 1.3 The effect of furnace shape on heat losses Rolling furnaces of the same thickness have linings with a smaller surface With the same type of lining rolling furnaces basically have less losses For a given thickness of external insulation there is required a thickness of internal lining for c ...
Sadi Carnot, 'Founder of the Second Law of Thermodynamics'
... operation Carnot proposed to complete the cycle 1–3 involves an irreversible heat flow, and therefore cannot be used to complete the cycle. Carnot proposes to remove this difficulty by assuming a temperature difference between A and B which is differentially small. From the standpoint of modern ther ...
... operation Carnot proposed to complete the cycle 1–3 involves an irreversible heat flow, and therefore cannot be used to complete the cycle. Carnot proposes to remove this difficulty by assuming a temperature difference between A and B which is differentially small. From the standpoint of modern ther ...
Energy-Smart Calculation of Thermal Loads in Mobile and
... calculation of thermal loads. Consecutively, the refrigeration system is selected to provide the required cooling or heating load. An alternate design approach in which the thermal loads are not only calculated as the initial design step but are also calculated in real-time is proposed in this thesi ...
... calculation of thermal loads. Consecutively, the refrigeration system is selected to provide the required cooling or heating load. An alternate design approach in which the thermal loads are not only calculated as the initial design step but are also calculated in real-time is proposed in this thesi ...
... roughly 0.5 inches from the edge of the support plate, while the peak volumetric power generation is located at the end of the fuel meat, about 0.1 inches from the edge of the support plate. Although the heat transfer coefficient is lower in the corner of the coolant channel, this has a negligible e ...
Food Thermalization and Moisturization Culinology
... traditional cooking equipment cooks at temperatures of up to 600F; requiring a high degree of attention by the culinarian to produce foods that are cooked to the desired doneness without overcooking. If one is to control food temperature within a few degrees, it must be done with a very considerabl ...
... traditional cooking equipment cooks at temperatures of up to 600F; requiring a high degree of attention by the culinarian to produce foods that are cooked to the desired doneness without overcooking. If one is to control food temperature within a few degrees, it must be done with a very considerabl ...
Metallized gelled propellants - Oxygen/RP
... mass flow rate was held very constant. Variations in the fuel mass flow rate under different engine conditions were manageable. Throughout most of the test matrix, the fuel feed system parameters were kept constant and the pxidizer load pressures were changed to achieve various propellant mixture ra ...
... mass flow rate was held very constant. Variations in the fuel mass flow rate under different engine conditions were manageable. Throughout most of the test matrix, the fuel feed system parameters were kept constant and the pxidizer load pressures were changed to achieve various propellant mixture ra ...
2007 Lynch TE
... more directed toward the pressure side of the vane passage as flow rates increased through their upstream slot configuration. Studies have been completed with upstream leakage in a contoured endwall vane cascade, where the contour serves to accelerate the flow and thin the boundary layer with the ai ...
... more directed toward the pressure side of the vane passage as flow rates increased through their upstream slot configuration. Studies have been completed with upstream leakage in a contoured endwall vane cascade, where the contour serves to accelerate the flow and thin the boundary layer with the ai ...
Apparent latent heat of evaporation from clothing: attenuation and
... wrapped over the skin, which did not affect the mass change of the clothed person but did prevent evaporation from the skin. Havenith and Lotens (22) observed a similar effect when testing semi-permeable vs. impermeable rainwear in a cool environment, showing that total heat loss rates in both garme ...
... wrapped over the skin, which did not affect the mass change of the clothed person but did prevent evaporation from the skin. Havenith and Lotens (22) observed a similar effect when testing semi-permeable vs. impermeable rainwear in a cool environment, showing that total heat loss rates in both garme ...
Ch 12 - HCC Learning Web
... Some of this heat will warm and, therefore, protect the blossoms from reaching the damaging temperature of – 4 °C. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ...
... Some of this heat will warm and, therefore, protect the blossoms from reaching the damaging temperature of – 4 °C. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ...
Influence of natural convection in a porous medium when producing
... reservoir, which is typical for shallow and medium depth systems used mainly for heating and cooling applications. Our model setup consists of a saturated porous layer situated between heat conducting, unsaturated rock, which acts as heat reservoirs and heat receivers for the saturated layer. The bo ...
... reservoir, which is typical for shallow and medium depth systems used mainly for heating and cooling applications. Our model setup consists of a saturated porous layer situated between heat conducting, unsaturated rock, which acts as heat reservoirs and heat receivers for the saturated layer. The bo ...
The growth of continents occurs primarily by the collision and
... In previous work (Toksoz et al., 1981) the thermal effects of the thickening of the crust have been considered. In that work the mantle heat flux was varied and only the temperatures in the crust were monitored. The same assumption was used in that work and the present one as to the way the crust de ...
... In previous work (Toksoz et al., 1981) the thermal effects of the thickening of the crust have been considered. In that work the mantle heat flux was varied and only the temperatures in the crust were monitored. The same assumption was used in that work and the present one as to the way the crust de ...
Heat transfer and air flow in a domestic refrigerator
... and the microbial contamination in the refrigerating compartment under real use conditions show an alarming situation.6–13 Compared with surveys on the refrigerating compartment, a few surveys have been carried out on temperatures in domestic freezers.14 Product temperature is a quality and safety-d ...
... and the microbial contamination in the refrigerating compartment under real use conditions show an alarming situation.6–13 Compared with surveys on the refrigerating compartment, a few surveys have been carried out on temperatures in domestic freezers.14 Product temperature is a quality and safety-d ...
2009 Barringer JT2
... turbine engines are critical operational issues that present many design and research challenges. The hot section of these engines includes both the combustion chamber and the high pressure turbine, the latter of which includes the endwall regions under investigation in this study. Considering that ...
... turbine engines are critical operational issues that present many design and research challenges. The hot section of these engines includes both the combustion chamber and the high pressure turbine, the latter of which includes the endwall regions under investigation in this study. Considering that ...
Oil Cooling of Electric Motor using CFD
... film thicknesses than the analytical solutions from the fluid film thickness theory. The maximum analytical thickness was of the same order of magnitude as the surface average film thickness provided by the multiphase models. This thickness was assumed to be constant when used as the base for the fl ...
... film thicknesses than the analytical solutions from the fluid film thickness theory. The maximum analytical thickness was of the same order of magnitude as the surface average film thickness provided by the multiphase models. This thickness was assumed to be constant when used as the base for the fl ...
Institutionen för systemteknik Department of Electrical Engineering Camera Chip
... the ROIC. This does not include thermal modeling of the IR sensors mounted on the chip surface. It is necessary for the model to be simple, with the ability of easy modification of parameters, while still keeping a good degree of accuracy. It is crucial the model is easy to understand, interpret and ...
... the ROIC. This does not include thermal modeling of the IR sensors mounted on the chip surface. It is necessary for the model to be simple, with the ability of easy modification of parameters, while still keeping a good degree of accuracy. It is crucial the model is easy to understand, interpret and ...
Fundamentals of Thermal Sensors
... As shown in Eq. 2.2, in order to minimize the conduction resistance, conductivity of the material and cross-sectional area of material is maximized while the through-path (length) of the material is minimized. Three-Dimensional Conduction: Conduction can also occur in three dimensions if the heat so ...
... As shown in Eq. 2.2, in order to minimize the conduction resistance, conductivity of the material and cross-sectional area of material is maximized while the through-path (length) of the material is minimized. Three-Dimensional Conduction: Conduction can also occur in three dimensions if the heat so ...
RESEARCH ARTICLE Survival and arm abscission are linked to
... O’Connor, 1999; Dzialowski and O’Connor, 2004). Flying insects such as bees or bumblebees keep their thorax hot and their abdomen relatively cool via continuous circulation of hemolymph between the two body regions through a counter-current heat exchanger, with heat being exchanged between outgoing ...
... O’Connor, 1999; Dzialowski and O’Connor, 2004). Flying insects such as bees or bumblebees keep their thorax hot and their abdomen relatively cool via continuous circulation of hemolymph between the two body regions through a counter-current heat exchanger, with heat being exchanged between outgoing ...
Aalborg Universitet IGBT Modules
... Copper Bonded (DCB) sections connected in parallel is shown in Fig. 1. The materials of IGBT module and boundary conditions for thermal analysis are shown in Fig. 2. There are two boundary conditions in this case study, one is at the chip junction as the heat source (power losses), and the other one ...
... Copper Bonded (DCB) sections connected in parallel is shown in Fig. 1. The materials of IGBT module and boundary conditions for thermal analysis are shown in Fig. 2. There are two boundary conditions in this case study, one is at the chip junction as the heat source (power losses), and the other one ...
Model, software for calculation of AIT and its validation
... Addendum A of Deliverable No. 33 [5, 6] give a preliminary basis to provide simple models for the heat losses obtained in the self-ignition tests, where the main content was focussed on experiments to measure the heat losses under a variety of conditions. Heat loss from a gas at relatively small tem ...
... Addendum A of Deliverable No. 33 [5, 6] give a preliminary basis to provide simple models for the heat losses obtained in the self-ignition tests, where the main content was focussed on experiments to measure the heat losses under a variety of conditions. Heat loss from a gas at relatively small tem ...
Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling and Air-Heating Coils
... Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling Coil. A heat exchanger, with or without extended surfaces, through which either cold water, cold aqueous ethylene glycol or aqueous propylene glycol solutions, or volatile refrigerant is circulated, for the purpose of total cooling (sensible cooling plus latent cooling ...
... Forced-Circulation Air-Cooling Coil. A heat exchanger, with or without extended surfaces, through which either cold water, cold aqueous ethylene glycol or aqueous propylene glycol solutions, or volatile refrigerant is circulated, for the purpose of total cooling (sensible cooling plus latent cooling ...
J107
... wafer in the Re range from 3.2 to 84. The channels were fabricated on a 530 lm thick 15 15 mm silicon substrate. The hydraulic diameter of the channel and the heating length were 162 lm and 10 mm, respectively. Both numerical and experimental results showed that the wall and fluid temperatures did ...
... wafer in the Re range from 3.2 to 84. The channels were fabricated on a 530 lm thick 15 15 mm silicon substrate. The hydraulic diameter of the channel and the heating length were 162 lm and 10 mm, respectively. Both numerical and experimental results showed that the wall and fluid temperatures did ...
full text pdf
... structure. Expandable graphite can be prepared when non-carbonaceous reactants are inserted into graphite layers through chemical or electrochemical reaction. Expandable graphite has many favourable properties: it can be used as a catalyst [1]; and porous expanded graphite can be prepared with expan ...
... structure. Expandable graphite can be prepared when non-carbonaceous reactants are inserted into graphite layers through chemical or electrochemical reaction. Expandable graphite has many favourable properties: it can be used as a catalyst [1]; and porous expanded graphite can be prepared with expan ...
laser cooling of solids
... dye-laser-pumped region interior to a larger volume of rhodamine 6G solution. They did not, however, attempt to measure overall, net cooling of the entire sample. This claim has since been made for solvated rhodamine 101 by Clark and Rumbles (1996). However, there may have been less question (Mungan ...
... dye-laser-pumped region interior to a larger volume of rhodamine 6G solution. They did not, however, attempt to measure overall, net cooling of the entire sample. This claim has since been made for solvated rhodamine 101 by Clark and Rumbles (1996). However, there may have been less question (Mungan ...
Word Format - Dr. Glen H. Besterfield`s Home Page
... The convection heat transfer coefficient of air decreases nonlinearly with increasing slope from approximately 0.008 to 0.0012 BTU/hr/in2/0F as the temperature increases from -120oF to 80oF. The calculation of the convection heat transfer coefficient of air is based on the Nusselt, Prandtl, and Gras ...
... The convection heat transfer coefficient of air decreases nonlinearly with increasing slope from approximately 0.008 to 0.0012 BTU/hr/in2/0F as the temperature increases from -120oF to 80oF. The calculation of the convection heat transfer coefficient of air is based on the Nusselt, Prandtl, and Gras ...
Radiator (engine cooling)
Radiators are heat exchangers used for cooling internal combustion engines, mainly in automobiles but also in piston-engined aircraft, railway locomotives, motorcycles, stationary generating plant or any similar use of such an engine.Internal combustion engines are often cooled by circulating a liquid called engine coolant through the engine block, where it is heated, then through a radiator where it loses heat to the atmosphere, and then returned to the engine. Engine coolant is usually water-based, but may also be oil. It is common to employ a water pump to force the engine coolant to circulate, and also for an axial fan to force air through the radiator.