An Upper Bound for the Critical Boiling Heat Flux
... probable that more of the heat finds a less efficient, direct convection path, at higher pressures. Consider the Katto-Shimizu Freon data, for example. The Japanese visual observations (all made at low pressure), and observations of a cold-air-in-water analogy in support of Lienhard and Eichhorn's ( ...
... probable that more of the heat finds a less efficient, direct convection path, at higher pressures. Consider the Katto-Shimizu Freon data, for example. The Japanese visual observations (all made at low pressure), and observations of a cold-air-in-water analogy in support of Lienhard and Eichhorn's ( ...
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS
... Most existing heat pumps use the cold outside air as the heat source in winter (air-source HP). In cold climates their efficiency drops considerably when temperatures are below the freezing point. In such cases, geothermal (ground-source) HP that use the ground as the heat source can be used. Such h ...
... Most existing heat pumps use the cold outside air as the heat source in winter (air-source HP). In cold climates their efficiency drops considerably when temperatures are below the freezing point. In such cases, geothermal (ground-source) HP that use the ground as the heat source can be used. Such h ...
Thermal Comfort Temperature Standards for Cold Regions
... inside temperature need not to be created by the heating systems as recommended 22.7 °C (ASHRAE 1955–1981). A lower base temperature is needed which will result in saving of considerable fuels. Also people in hills have adapted themselves to be comfortable at lower temperatures in winters and in pla ...
... inside temperature need not to be created by the heating systems as recommended 22.7 °C (ASHRAE 1955–1981). A lower base temperature is needed which will result in saving of considerable fuels. Also people in hills have adapted themselves to be comfortable at lower temperatures in winters and in pla ...
Chapter 5
... the equation we have derived is valid even if there is friction present between the cylinder and the piston, we should consider how friction can change our analysis of a system. When we compress the gas, we exert a force on the rod connected to the piston. The work we do as the piston moves gets spl ...
... the equation we have derived is valid even if there is friction present between the cylinder and the piston, we should consider how friction can change our analysis of a system. When we compress the gas, we exert a force on the rod connected to the piston. The work we do as the piston moves gets spl ...
Reflow Oven Convection Methods
... infrared/convection ovens relied on natural convection to help improve heating uniformity. Forced convection ovens usually have better heating uniformity than the infrared/convection ovens. Forced convection can be either laminar or turbulent. Laminar flow is characterized by very stable flow patter ...
... infrared/convection ovens relied on natural convection to help improve heating uniformity. Forced convection ovens usually have better heating uniformity than the infrared/convection ovens. Forced convection can be either laminar or turbulent. Laminar flow is characterized by very stable flow patter ...
District heating engineering - DH distribution DH
... – The free end of a finite length pipe in earth expands up to a given length L depending on earth friction – The first immobile point is called a natural fixpoint ...
... – The free end of a finite length pipe in earth expands up to a given length L depending on earth friction – The first immobile point is called a natural fixpoint ...
Dynamic insulation
Dynamic insulation is a form of insulation where cool outside air flowing through the thermal insulation in the envelope of a building will pick up heat from the insulation fibres. Buildings can be designed to exploit this to reduce the transmission heat loss (U-value) and to provide pre-warmed, draft free air to interior spaces. This is known as dynamic insulation since the U-value is no longer constant for a given wall or roof construction but varies with the speed of the air flowing through the insulation (climate adaptive building shell). Dynamic insulation is different from breathing walls. The positive aspects of dynamic insulation need to be weighed against the more conventional approach to building design which is to create an airtight envelope and provide appropriate ventilation using either natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. The air-tight approach to building envelope design, unlike dynamic insulation, results in a building envelope that provides a consistent performance in terms of heat loss and risk of interstitial condensation that is independent of wind speed and direction. Under certain wind conditions a dynamically insulated building can have a higher heat transmission loss than an air-tight building with the same thickness of insulation.