Full Text - The British Journal of Psychiatry
... group met that threshold and was removed. Data were analysed by the general linear model, in which individual events were modelled by a canonical haemodynamic response function. Two design matrices were created for each participant: one for the encoding strategy and semantic relatedness contrasts an ...
... group met that threshold and was removed. Data were analysed by the general linear model, in which individual events were modelled by a canonical haemodynamic response function. Two design matrices were created for each participant: one for the encoding strategy and semantic relatedness contrasts an ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning
... Figure 3. Design of the experiment. Subjects were tested on overlapping and nonoverlapping word pairs in two different phases of the experiment: Phase 1 and Phase 2. This allowed both a within-subject comparison of the effect of study phase and a between-groups comparison. Subjects were initially tr ...
... Figure 3. Design of the experiment. Subjects were tested on overlapping and nonoverlapping word pairs in two different phases of the experiment: Phase 1 and Phase 2. This allowed both a within-subject comparison of the effect of study phase and a between-groups comparison. Subjects were initially tr ...
Blockade of Central Cholinergic Receptors Impairs New Learning and
... Figure 3. Design of the experiment. Subjects were tested on overlapping and nonoverlapping word pairs in two different phases of the experiment: Phase 1 and Phase 2. This allowed both a within-subject comparison of the effect of study phase and a between-groups comparison. Subjects were initially tr ...
... Figure 3. Design of the experiment. Subjects were tested on overlapping and nonoverlapping word pairs in two different phases of the experiment: Phase 1 and Phase 2. This allowed both a within-subject comparison of the effect of study phase and a between-groups comparison. Subjects were initially tr ...
Testing Promotes Long-Term Learning via Stabilizing Activation
... at short retention intervals, it produced significantly higher learning performance than an equal amount of restudying when the retention interval was longer than one day (Wheeler et al. 2003; Karpicke and Roediger 2008; Toppino and Cohen 2009). These results suggest that the efficiency of testing o ...
... at short retention intervals, it produced significantly higher learning performance than an equal amount of restudying when the retention interval was longer than one day (Wheeler et al. 2003; Karpicke and Roediger 2008; Toppino and Cohen 2009). These results suggest that the efficiency of testing o ...
Hippocampus duality: memory and novelty detection are subserved
... to OB targets and famous faces recorded along successive contacts of an electrode implanted in the hippocampus in Patient 1. Both tasks elicited a negative component culminating at 200 ms (N2). Its amplitude (larger for the famous faces task) and polarity did not vary across the successive contacts ...
... to OB targets and famous faces recorded along successive contacts of an electrode implanted in the hippocampus in Patient 1. Both tasks elicited a negative component culminating at 200 ms (N2). Its amplitude (larger for the famous faces task) and polarity did not vary across the successive contacts ...
Mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information
... neurons [13] demonstrate how the Alonso current can underlie the sustained delay period spiking in the entorhinal cortex seen with extracellular unit recording in rats and monkeys during the performance of delayed matching tasks [10,30]. These detailed models extended earlier models showing that aft ...
... neurons [13] demonstrate how the Alonso current can underlie the sustained delay period spiking in the entorhinal cortex seen with extracellular unit recording in rats and monkeys during the performance of delayed matching tasks [10,30]. These detailed models extended earlier models showing that aft ...
Perceptual Expectation Evokes Category
... Participants made either a gender discrimination (male/female) or house structure discrimination (1 story/2 story); they were instructed to respond as quickly as possible while minimizing errors. Using the right hand, button 1 was pressed for ‘‘male’’ or ‘‘1 story’’ and button 2 was pressed for ‘‘fe ...
... Participants made either a gender discrimination (male/female) or house structure discrimination (1 story/2 story); they were instructed to respond as quickly as possible while minimizing errors. Using the right hand, button 1 was pressed for ‘‘male’’ or ‘‘1 story’’ and button 2 was pressed for ‘‘fe ...
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary
... (ERN or Ne) is associated with errors (13– 15), and converging evidence suggests that the ACC and nearby cortical areas generate the ERN (15–18). The design of our study, however, allowed us to demonstrate that the MFN did not reflect error detection. A loss of 5, when the unchosen alternative was a ...
... (ERN or Ne) is associated with errors (13– 15), and converging evidence suggests that the ACC and nearby cortical areas generate the ERN (15–18). The design of our study, however, allowed us to demonstrate that the MFN did not reflect error detection. A loss of 5, when the unchosen alternative was a ...
Responses to Rare Visual Target and Distractor Stimuli Using Event
... fMRI signal increases in multiple brain regions including the thalamus, the bilateral cerebellum, and the occipital-temporal cortex as well as bilateral superior, medial, inferior frontal, inferior parietal, superior temporal, precentral, postcentral, cingulate, insular, left middle temporal, and ri ...
... fMRI signal increases in multiple brain regions including the thalamus, the bilateral cerebellum, and the occipital-temporal cortex as well as bilateral superior, medial, inferior frontal, inferior parietal, superior temporal, precentral, postcentral, cingulate, insular, left middle temporal, and ri ...
A PDP Model for Capturing N400 Effects in Early L2... Word Reading Tasks
... lexicon to the L1 lexicon is much stronger than the link from L1 to L2, just as the link between the L1 lexicon and conceptual store is much stronger than the link between the L2 lexicon and the conceptual store. However, behavioral data is often insufficient for distinguishing between different pro ...
... lexicon to the L1 lexicon is much stronger than the link from L1 to L2, just as the link between the L1 lexicon and conceptual store is much stronger than the link between the L2 lexicon and the conceptual store. However, behavioral data is often insufficient for distinguishing between different pro ...
The Influence of Odor and Emotion on Memory
... research has looked at the influence odor and emotions have on autobiographical memory (Buchanan, 2007; Maratos et al., 2001; Schab, 1990). Most of this research has found that odor and emotions have a positive effect on memory, meaning that they increase one’s ability to remember memories or that t ...
... research has looked at the influence odor and emotions have on autobiographical memory (Buchanan, 2007; Maratos et al., 2001; Schab, 1990). Most of this research has found that odor and emotions have a positive effect on memory, meaning that they increase one’s ability to remember memories or that t ...
Introduction 9 INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythms in physiology and
... several cycles. As a result, the length of daily activity changes temporarily, but generally returns to baseline values in the course of several days. A model has been proposed suggesting that the mammalian circadian pacemaker consists of two coupled circadian oscillators that control either the act ...
... several cycles. As a result, the length of daily activity changes temporarily, but generally returns to baseline values in the course of several days. A model has been proposed suggesting that the mammalian circadian pacemaker consists of two coupled circadian oscillators that control either the act ...
Rapid induction of false memory for pictures
... participants to compare it directly to their memories of stimuli they had actually perceived, and to reject unstudied stimuli based on characteristics that appear novel. ...
... participants to compare it directly to their memories of stimuli they had actually perceived, and to reject unstudied stimuli based on characteristics that appear novel. ...
Specific Visual Transfer in Word Identification
... by maintaining the typography in which a word is presented between its study and test provides conclusive evidence that ...
... by maintaining the typography in which a word is presented between its study and test provides conclusive evidence that ...
Chp33 CVS Regulatory Mechanisms
... • Different levels of control of circ: o Local control – caters for specific organs o Central control – caters for whole body – putting brain first o Systemic Regulation by Hormones • Generally there is a hierarchy in these control levels ...
... • Different levels of control of circ: o Local control – caters for specific organs o Central control – caters for whole body – putting brain first o Systemic Regulation by Hormones • Generally there is a hierarchy in these control levels ...
How the hippocampus preserves order: the role of
... to what extent hippocampal function is related to maintaining the fidelity of sequential associations such that their temporal order can later be retrieved. Thus, the remainder of this review focuses on recent empirical work aimed at addressing how the human hippocampus might support the encoding an ...
... to what extent hippocampal function is related to maintaining the fidelity of sequential associations such that their temporal order can later be retrieved. Thus, the remainder of this review focuses on recent empirical work aimed at addressing how the human hippocampus might support the encoding an ...
The effect of word imagery on priming effect under a preconscious
... semantic priming, compared with nonimagery conditions. This is referred to as the imagery effect [Nittono et al., 2002; Paivio, 1991]. Indirect evidence on word imagery of the word can be found in studies using concrete versus abstract words. According to the concreteness effect, concrete words are ...
... semantic priming, compared with nonimagery conditions. This is referred to as the imagery effect [Nittono et al., 2002; Paivio, 1991]. Indirect evidence on word imagery of the word can be found in studies using concrete versus abstract words. According to the concreteness effect, concrete words are ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... determined by using a sequencing program designed to maximize the efficiency of the event-related design (50). Conditions were ‘‘jittered’’ by using variable duration (2–18 s) fixation null events. Subsequent recognition memory for studied items and recollection of the source (Image or Read) associa ...
... determined by using a sequencing program designed to maximize the efficiency of the event-related design (50). Conditions were ‘‘jittered’’ by using variable duration (2–18 s) fixation null events. Subsequent recognition memory for studied items and recollection of the source (Image or Read) associa ...
Predictive, interactive multiple memory systems
... vs. ‘‘know’’ judgments; Tulving, 1985). Rather than discuss the pros and cons of such experimental methods (see instead Montaldi and Mayes, this issue; Wixted et al., 2010), we assume here that recollection has occurred when there is evidence of retrieval of at least one type of extrinsic context (e ...
... vs. ‘‘know’’ judgments; Tulving, 1985). Rather than discuss the pros and cons of such experimental methods (see instead Montaldi and Mayes, this issue; Wixted et al., 2010), we assume here that recollection has occurred when there is evidence of retrieval of at least one type of extrinsic context (e ...
Representing the Hyphen in Action–Effect
... Thus, close temporal proximity is considered a necessary condition for learning (Dickinson, 2001). However, in everyday life, people are often confronted with situations in which effects follow an action after considerable delays. For instance, when opening a hyperlink in a Web browser, the intended ...
... Thus, close temporal proximity is considered a necessary condition for learning (Dickinson, 2001). However, in everyday life, people are often confronted with situations in which effects follow an action after considerable delays. For instance, when opening a hyperlink in a Web browser, the intended ...
Creating Buzz: The Neural Correlates of Effective Message
... effect reflects the increased neural activity present when message communicators are first encoding ideas that they are likely to spread successfully. Successful spreading of an idea was operationalized as a message communicator passing on an idea to a message recipient in such a way that the messag ...
... effect reflects the increased neural activity present when message communicators are first encoding ideas that they are likely to spread successfully. Successful spreading of an idea was operationalized as a message communicator passing on an idea to a message recipient in such a way that the messag ...
Modeling goal-directed spatial navigation in the rat based on physiological
... of the fornix remove much of the amplitude of theta rhythm. This impairs the ability to learn reversal tasks, in which a previously rewarded behavior must be replaced with an opposite behavior. For example, rats have difficulty learning a right turn response after initially learning a left turn resp ...
... of the fornix remove much of the amplitude of theta rhythm. This impairs the ability to learn reversal tasks, in which a previously rewarded behavior must be replaced with an opposite behavior. For example, rats have difficulty learning a right turn response after initially learning a left turn resp ...
The Effect of Stimulating and Soothing Smells on Heart Rate and
... asked to remember the four letters presented to them. After, this first round, each subsequent trial increased by two letters until the fourth trial when the maximum of ten letters was shown and asked to be recalled. At the beginning of each phase, a slide was shown telling the subjects to remember ...
... asked to remember the four letters presented to them. After, this first round, each subsequent trial increased by two letters until the fourth trial when the maximum of ten letters was shown and asked to be recalled. At the beginning of each phase, a slide was shown telling the subjects to remember ...
Functional Neuroimaging and Episodic Memory
... As the name suggests, this experimental method correlates the level of hippocampal activity during encoding with performance on a later test of memory. In essence, stimuli considered memorable should exhibit high levels of hippocampal activation at encoding and thus be more likely to be remembered o ...
... As the name suggests, this experimental method correlates the level of hippocampal activity during encoding with performance on a later test of memory. In essence, stimuli considered memorable should exhibit high levels of hippocampal activation at encoding and thus be more likely to be remembered o ...
Stressed Memories - Journal of Neuroscience
... end of picture encoding (dividing the encoding session in three blocks) The Netherlands) and the declaration of Helsinki. (Fig. 1). Participants were instructed to view each movie clip and picture for the entire time that it was displayed. Pictures belonged to two cateStudy design gories, with eithe ...
... end of picture encoding (dividing the encoding session in three blocks) The Netherlands) and the declaration of Helsinki. (Fig. 1). Participants were instructed to view each movie clip and picture for the entire time that it was displayed. Pictures belonged to two cateStudy design gories, with eithe ...