Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay
... that subjects needed to make a willingness-to-pay computation in free they would have to remain in the lab for 30 min at the conclusion of the trials to decide how much to bid, but they did not need to do so in forced experiment, and that the only thing that they will be able to eat is whattrials. e ...
... that subjects needed to make a willingness-to-pay computation in free they would have to remain in the lab for 30 min at the conclusion of the trials to decide how much to bid, but they did not need to do so in forced experiment, and that the only thing that they will be able to eat is whattrials. e ...
Can the meaning of multiple words be integrated unconsciously?
... with different latencies and polarities: the N400 and P600 [19,25 – 29,31,32,36,51 – 54]. The focus on the N400 and P600 components follows naturally from the previous literature on similar topics (e.g. semantics in language) [24,26 – 32,36,49,52]. Previous studies have shown that the N400 generally ...
... with different latencies and polarities: the N400 and P600 [19,25 – 29,31,32,36,51 – 54]. The focus on the N400 and P600 components follows naturally from the previous literature on similar topics (e.g. semantics in language) [24,26 – 32,36,49,52]. Previous studies have shown that the N400 generally ...
Different Roles for Amygdala Central Nucleus and Substantia
... Surgical procedures. Surgery was performed under isoflurane anesthesia with aseptic conditions. In experiments 1 (n ⫽ 51) and 2 (n ⫽ 43), all rats received unilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the CeA and a contralateral placement of a cannula dorsal to the CeA. For one-half of the rats, the lesions ...
... Surgical procedures. Surgery was performed under isoflurane anesthesia with aseptic conditions. In experiments 1 (n ⫽ 51) and 2 (n ⫽ 43), all rats received unilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the CeA and a contralateral placement of a cannula dorsal to the CeA. For one-half of the rats, the lesions ...
Randomness increases self-reported anxiety and
... Several decades of research has demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a role in performance monitoring (Botvinick et al., 2001). Specifically, researchers have proposed that the ACC may be involved in monitoring the consistency between predictions and outcomes, and in driving b ...
... Several decades of research has demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a role in performance monitoring (Botvinick et al., 2001). Specifically, researchers have proposed that the ACC may be involved in monitoring the consistency between predictions and outcomes, and in driving b ...
Computing Action Potentials by Phase Interference in
... When considering biological processes that might support Sentience and Perception some prerequisites are important: timing, error, ...
... When considering biological processes that might support Sentience and Perception some prerequisites are important: timing, error, ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... band (4 – 8 Hz). Figure 1 A illustrates the behavior of a neuron in the right superior temporal gyrus of subject 2 that was phase locked to 7.3 Hz theta oscillations. This firing rate of the neuron varied by more than twofold according to the instantaneous theta phase: it had a firing rate of 7.9 Hz ...
... band (4 – 8 Hz). Figure 1 A illustrates the behavior of a neuron in the right superior temporal gyrus of subject 2 that was phase locked to 7.3 Hz theta oscillations. This firing rate of the neuron varied by more than twofold according to the instantaneous theta phase: it had a firing rate of 7.9 Hz ...
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING A
... enhancement of instrumental responding in a Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer task (Hall, Parkinson, Connor, Dickinson, & Everitt, 2001). Indeed, animals with NAc lesions, even if made after FOC, are unable to use the motivational value of a CS to acquire and express new responses in SOC (McDannal ...
... enhancement of instrumental responding in a Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer task (Hall, Parkinson, Connor, Dickinson, & Everitt, 2001). Indeed, animals with NAc lesions, even if made after FOC, are unable to use the motivational value of a CS to acquire and express new responses in SOC (McDannal ...
Visual Memory and Visual Perception Recruit
... extends from occipital cortex to inferior temporal cortex to ventral prefrontal cortex whereas the dorsal stream extends from occipital cortex to parietal cortex to dorsal prefrontal cortex is also descriptive of visual spatial processing in humans (see Figure 2B). It should be noted, however, that ...
... extends from occipital cortex to inferior temporal cortex to ventral prefrontal cortex whereas the dorsal stream extends from occipital cortex to parietal cortex to dorsal prefrontal cortex is also descriptive of visual spatial processing in humans (see Figure 2B). It should be noted, however, that ...
A simultaneous ERP/fMRI investigation of the P300 aging effect
... imaging and direct intracranial recordings, but this technique has yet to be applied to the study of cognitive aging. EEG/fMRI data fusion methods have developed rapidly in the last 10 years and several different approaches to multimodal integration have been reported. In the present study we opt fo ...
... imaging and direct intracranial recordings, but this technique has yet to be applied to the study of cognitive aging. EEG/fMRI data fusion methods have developed rapidly in the last 10 years and several different approaches to multimodal integration have been reported. In the present study we opt fo ...
Neuropsychologia Hippocampal activation during episodic and
... find novel routes from one location to another when familiar routes were blocked. Few neuroimaging studies, however, have made a direct comparison between episodic and semantic retrieval tasks that are well matched in other respects, including the type of stimuli presented, the familiarity of the sti ...
... find novel routes from one location to another when familiar routes were blocked. Few neuroimaging studies, however, have made a direct comparison between episodic and semantic retrieval tasks that are well matched in other respects, including the type of stimuli presented, the familiarity of the sti ...
The Anterior Midline Field: Coercion or decision making? Brain and
... each sentence, four words after the target noun had occurred (e.g., after the word break in the journalist began the article after his coffee break). In other words, one might hypothesize that the activity generating the AMF reflects the difficulty of sensicality judgments, and that those judgments ar ...
... each sentence, four words after the target noun had occurred (e.g., after the word break in the journalist began the article after his coffee break). In other words, one might hypothesize that the activity generating the AMF reflects the difficulty of sensicality judgments, and that those judgments ar ...
Basic Physics of SWI and Relaxation
... matter edema-like changes, cysts and contrast-enhancing lesions. Among these changes, newly appearing contrast-enhancing lesions, usually termed as pseudoprogression or radionecrosis, receive the attention of both clinicians and neuroradiologists because these MRI lesions can mimic the recurrence of ...
... matter edema-like changes, cysts and contrast-enhancing lesions. Among these changes, newly appearing contrast-enhancing lesions, usually termed as pseudoprogression or radionecrosis, receive the attention of both clinicians and neuroradiologists because these MRI lesions can mimic the recurrence of ...
Emotional Arousal and Memory Binding
... memory binding and explain these contradictory findings using an object-based framework. According to this framework, emotionally arousing objects attract attention that enhances binding of their constituent features. In contrast, the emotional arousal associated with one object either impairs or ha ...
... memory binding and explain these contradictory findings using an object-based framework. According to this framework, emotionally arousing objects attract attention that enhances binding of their constituent features. In contrast, the emotional arousal associated with one object either impairs or ha ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... The controversy surrounding whether syntactic processing is distinct from the rest of language processing has recently included evidence obtained from the brain's electrical response to words in sentence contexts. Osterhout, McKinnon, Bersick and Corey (1996) report that event-related brain potentia ...
... The controversy surrounding whether syntactic processing is distinct from the rest of language processing has recently included evidence obtained from the brain's electrical response to words in sentence contexts. Osterhout, McKinnon, Bersick and Corey (1996) report that event-related brain potentia ...
Supporting methods 1) Participants The study was approved by the
... already at the time when the outcome information was revealed. In contrast, because they were still lacking the probability information at the time of the outcome, they could only choose between the options in the beginning of the next trial. We included only a reward probability, rather than also a ...
... already at the time when the outcome information was revealed. In contrast, because they were still lacking the probability information at the time of the outcome, they could only choose between the options in the beginning of the next trial. We included only a reward probability, rather than also a ...
pdf
... acknowledged, there is as of yet limited evidence for their neural underpinnings. A prime candidate for mnemonic convergence is the hippocampus, a brain region that is thought to index the cortical elements of an episodic memory representation7–9 by means of conjunctive coding3. In line with this id ...
... acknowledged, there is as of yet limited evidence for their neural underpinnings. A prime candidate for mnemonic convergence is the hippocampus, a brain region that is thought to index the cortical elements of an episodic memory representation7–9 by means of conjunctive coding3. In line with this id ...
Distributed patterns of reactivation predict vividness of recollection.
... Chun, & Wagner, 2011; Johnson et al., 2009; McDuff, Frankel, & Norman, 2009). However, most of these studies have assessed recollection as an all-or-none phenomenon that is either present or absent (e.g., with a remember/know paradigm; Tulving, 1985). For example, Johnson et al. (2009) reported sign ...
... Chun, & Wagner, 2011; Johnson et al., 2009; McDuff, Frankel, & Norman, 2009). However, most of these studies have assessed recollection as an all-or-none phenomenon that is either present or absent (e.g., with a remember/know paradigm; Tulving, 1985). For example, Johnson et al. (2009) reported sign ...
Sense Organs - mohamadtermos
... Vision The fovea centralis is in the center of the retina and contains only cones for the most detailed color vision. The rods and cones activate visual pigments according to different wavelengths of light, which stimulate the nerves to fire action potentials into the brain. It is interesting that ...
... Vision The fovea centralis is in the center of the retina and contains only cones for the most detailed color vision. The rods and cones activate visual pigments according to different wavelengths of light, which stimulate the nerves to fire action potentials into the brain. It is interesting that ...
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: in search of new treatments
... in regards to the stressor being desensitized, the very ability shown to be inhibited in PTSD patients by Milad et al. (2008). The relative ineffectiveness of contemporary cognitive behavioral therapies such as exposure therapy for the treatment of PTSD leaves the field of psychiatry in need of nove ...
... in regards to the stressor being desensitized, the very ability shown to be inhibited in PTSD patients by Milad et al. (2008). The relative ineffectiveness of contemporary cognitive behavioral therapies such as exposure therapy for the treatment of PTSD leaves the field of psychiatry in need of nove ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... regions may reflect more general processes than just memory. Based on the ACT-R theory (Anderson, Bothell, et al. 2004), we have developed an interpretation of the activity in this circuit (e.g., Anderson 2005; Anderson et al. 2007; Danker and Anderson 2007) and have argued that different regions ser ...
... regions may reflect more general processes than just memory. Based on the ACT-R theory (Anderson, Bothell, et al. 2004), we have developed an interpretation of the activity in this circuit (e.g., Anderson 2005; Anderson et al. 2007; Danker and Anderson 2007) and have argued that different regions ser ...
Effect of Negative Emotional Content on Working Memory and Long
... Slides were presented on an iMac,G3, Macintosh computer. The 15 slides each contained the same 15 pictures, arranged in a different, random order on each slide. Pictures were arranged in a grid that was five columns by three rows in size. The order of the slides was pseudorandomized across participa ...
... Slides were presented on an iMac,G3, Macintosh computer. The 15 slides each contained the same 15 pictures, arranged in a different, random order on each slide. Pictures were arranged in a grid that was five columns by three rows in size. The order of the slides was pseudorandomized across participa ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS Neural Networks entorhinal cortex
... angle will be proportional to the magnitude and duration of the encoded input. Experimental data from stellate cells shows differences in the oscillation frequency observed in different individual cells recorded at different membrane potentials in dorsal entorhinal cortex (Giocomo & Hasselmo, 2008a) ...
... angle will be proportional to the magnitude and duration of the encoded input. Experimental data from stellate cells shows differences in the oscillation frequency observed in different individual cells recorded at different membrane potentials in dorsal entorhinal cortex (Giocomo & Hasselmo, 2008a) ...
Short Communication - NYU Psychology
... each sentence, four words after the target noun had occurred (e.g., after the word break in the journalist began the article after his coffee break). In other words, one might hypothesize that the activity generating the AMF reflects the difficulty of sensicality judgments, and that those judgments ar ...
... each sentence, four words after the target noun had occurred (e.g., after the word break in the journalist began the article after his coffee break). In other words, one might hypothesize that the activity generating the AMF reflects the difficulty of sensicality judgments, and that those judgments ar ...
neural mechanisms for detecting and remembering novel events
... contributes to both adaptation and repetition suppression. An intracellular recording study identified a calcium-dependent potassium current as an important contributor to adaptation in the primary visual cortex17. The same current was identified as a plausible mechanism for repetition suppression i ...
... contributes to both adaptation and repetition suppression. An intracellular recording study identified a calcium-dependent potassium current as an important contributor to adaptation in the primary visual cortex17. The same current was identified as a plausible mechanism for repetition suppression i ...
Impact on Perception, Attention, and Memory
... awareness. Emotion’s facilitation of awareness also extends to the perception of nonemotional stimuli in the vicinity of emotional stimuli. This was demonstrated using an attentional cuing paradigm (Posner, 1980) in which fearful or neutral faces were used to cue the location of a subsequent target ...
... awareness. Emotion’s facilitation of awareness also extends to the perception of nonemotional stimuli in the vicinity of emotional stimuli. This was demonstrated using an attentional cuing paradigm (Posner, 1980) in which fearful or neutral faces were used to cue the location of a subsequent target ...