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AN021 : Voltage Level Conversion
AN021 : Voltage Level Conversion

... Today, most digital ICs have CMOS output levels. These will deliver rail-to-rail swing, as long as they are not heavily loaded. Since CMOS inputs have very high input impedance, a CMOS output will have rail-to-rail operation when used to drive a CMOS input. Input levels depend on the logic family; s ...
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... standard control scheme for Synchronous machine drives, but it employs only a speed control loop because current control is already included in the rectifier charge controller. It should be noted that motor speed sensing is not necessary because the speed feedback signal can be derived from the inve ...
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Alternating current



Alternating current (AC), is an electric current in which the flow of electric charge periodically reverses direction, whereas in direct current (DC, also dc), the flow of electric charge is only in one direction. The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simply alternating and direct, as when they modify current or voltage.AC is the form in which electric power is delivered to businesses and residences. The usual waveform of alternating current in most electric power circuits is a sine wave. In certain applications, different waveforms are used, such as triangular or square waves. Audio and radio signals carried on electrical wires are also examples of alternating current. These types of alternating current carry information encoded (or modulated) onto the AC signal, such as sound (audio) or images (video).
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