Serious `XM (That`s W2XM) presents
... How many watts are consumed in a circuit having a p.f. of 0.2 if the input is 100-V AC at 4 A? E5D12 ...
... How many watts are consumed in a circuit having a p.f. of 0.2 if the input is 100-V AC at 4 A? E5D12 ...
Abstract - PG Embedded systems
... Some electronic devices are sensitive to the presence of harmonics in the power supply voltage, and so require power conditioning for proper operation. If a distorted sine-wave voltage behaves like a series of harmonic waveforms added to the fundamental frequency, then it should be possible to const ...
... Some electronic devices are sensitive to the presence of harmonics in the power supply voltage, and so require power conditioning for proper operation. If a distorted sine-wave voltage behaves like a series of harmonic waveforms added to the fundamental frequency, then it should be possible to const ...
4.2 Digital Transmission
... □ Converted to discrete-time continuous-amplitude signal (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) □ Pulses are quantized and assigned a digital value. □ A 7-bit sample allows 128 quantizing levels. □ PCM uses non-linear encoding, i.e., amplitude spacing of levels is nonlinear □ There is a greater number of quan ...
... □ Converted to discrete-time continuous-amplitude signal (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) □ Pulses are quantized and assigned a digital value. □ A 7-bit sample allows 128 quantizing levels. □ PCM uses non-linear encoding, i.e., amplitude spacing of levels is nonlinear □ There is a greater number of quan ...
Protecting ADC inputs
... output amplifier can get within 10’s of mVs of the rail but it is also important to consider input headroom requirement, which can be 1V or more, as this will limit the swing further in a buffer/unity gain configuration. This approach offers the simplest solution in terms of no additional protection ...
... output amplifier can get within 10’s of mVs of the rail but it is also important to consider input headroom requirement, which can be 1V or more, as this will limit the swing further in a buffer/unity gain configuration. This approach offers the simplest solution in terms of no additional protection ...
The TRIO Smart Sensor System on a Chip
... The comparator is most sensitive circuit in the ADC design. Needs autozeroing to cancel the effects. •Rely on passive components for voltage/current division Resistors are preferred since they are immune to TID. •Perform autozeroing in the digital domain, if possible. The autozeroing circuits will b ...
... The comparator is most sensitive circuit in the ADC design. Needs autozeroing to cancel the effects. •Rely on passive components for voltage/current division Resistors are preferred since they are immune to TID. •Perform autozeroing in the digital domain, if possible. The autozeroing circuits will b ...
Digitization of Analog Signals in TD
... The Arduino UNO board contains a 6 channel 10-bit analog to digital converter (Pins A0 .. A5) This means that it will map input voltages between 0 and 5 volts into integer values between 0 and 1023. This yields a resolution between readings of: 5 volts / 1024 units or, 0.0049 volts (4.9 mV) per unit ...
... The Arduino UNO board contains a 6 channel 10-bit analog to digital converter (Pins A0 .. A5) This means that it will map input voltages between 0 and 5 volts into integer values between 0 and 1023. This yields a resolution between readings of: 5 volts / 1024 units or, 0.0049 volts (4.9 mV) per unit ...
Instructions for Authors of Papers Submitted for - HAL
... pipeline stage is increased and more clock signals with different phases are needed. Scheme of the double sampling multiplying D/A converter is shown in figure 13. The capacitors of two parallel channels working on opposite clock phases share the same amplifier. Due to the very low incoming signal, ...
... pipeline stage is increased and more clock signals with different phases are needed. Scheme of the double sampling multiplying D/A converter is shown in figure 13. The capacitors of two parallel channels working on opposite clock phases share the same amplifier. Due to the very low incoming signal, ...
CIRCUIT FUNCTION AND BENEFITS
... The AD8021 high performance voltage feedback op amp is an ideal choice as a single-ended input buffer/driver for the AD7366/AD7367 due to its exceptionally high performance, high speed, low noise, and low distortion performance. It also meets the above stated requirement when operating in singleend ...
... The AD8021 high performance voltage feedback op amp is an ideal choice as a single-ended input buffer/driver for the AD7366/AD7367 due to its exceptionally high performance, high speed, low noise, and low distortion performance. It also meets the above stated requirement when operating in singleend ...
DN339 - An Autoranging True RMS Converter
... An Autoranging True RMS Converter – Design Note 339 Philip Karantzalis and Jim Mahoney True RMS voltage detection is most commonly required to measure complex amplitude and time varying signals, such as machine or engine vibration monitoring and complex AC power line load monitoring. Sometimes these ...
... An Autoranging True RMS Converter – Design Note 339 Philip Karantzalis and Jim Mahoney True RMS voltage detection is most commonly required to measure complex amplitude and time varying signals, such as machine or engine vibration monitoring and complex AC power line load monitoring. Sometimes these ...
PMU Emulator and Animation for Synchrophasor Education
... Device and system context using animation Detail device level information using actual PMU blocks Basic synchrophasor concepts and how phasor changes with system dynamic conditions How noise, filtering, estimation impact PMU output Easy to integrate into existing training or education modu ...
... Device and system context using animation Detail device level information using actual PMU blocks Basic synchrophasor concepts and how phasor changes with system dynamic conditions How noise, filtering, estimation impact PMU output Easy to integrate into existing training or education modu ...
Functions Batch Controller–Presetable Counter DigiFlow 514
... controlling the unit. Optionally there is one analog or Pt100 RTD input for temperature or density flow compensation. The DigiFlow 514 is powered by AC of 115/230 VAC 50/60 Hz, optionally voltages between 24 and 28 V AC/DC. The DigiFlow 514 provides an adjustable voltage of 17 to 19V DC for powering ...
... controlling the unit. Optionally there is one analog or Pt100 RTD input for temperature or density flow compensation. The DigiFlow 514 is powered by AC of 115/230 VAC 50/60 Hz, optionally voltages between 24 and 28 V AC/DC. The DigiFlow 514 provides an adjustable voltage of 17 to 19V DC for powering ...
Improving the noise floor of a Delta44 A/D converter
... frequency. The codec samples at 64 times the specified sampling speed and uses digital filters to produce a steep anti-alias filter at the Nyquist frequency. The 5532 low pass filter is probably intended to give additional suppression at about 3MHz where the oversampled AK4524 has false responses al ...
... frequency. The codec samples at 64 times the specified sampling speed and uses digital filters to produce a steep anti-alias filter at the Nyquist frequency. The 5532 low pass filter is probably intended to give additional suppression at about 3MHz where the oversampled AK4524 has false responses al ...
CIRCUIT FUNCTION AND BENEFITS
... Protection). In addition, the circuit must be constructed on a multilayer PC board with a large area ground plane. Proper layout, grounding, and decoupling techniques must be used to achieve optimum performance (see Tutorial MT-031, Grounding Data Converters and Solving the Mystery of “AGND” and “DG ...
... Protection). In addition, the circuit must be constructed on a multilayer PC board with a large area ground plane. Proper layout, grounding, and decoupling techniques must be used to achieve optimum performance (see Tutorial MT-031, Grounding Data Converters and Solving the Mystery of “AGND” and “DG ...
D047031619
... since the differences are being integrated over the region of time. Therefore, to effectively pass the signal at the clock frequency the gain bandwidth product of the op-amp must be greater than one. The amplifier used is shown in figure 2. The first stage consists of p-channel differential pair M1- ...
... since the differences are being integrated over the region of time. Therefore, to effectively pass the signal at the clock frequency the gain bandwidth product of the op-amp must be greater than one. The amplifier used is shown in figure 2. The first stage consists of p-channel differential pair M1- ...
Analog-to-digital converter
An analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts a continuous physical quantity (usually voltage) to a digital number that represents the quantity's amplitude.The conversion involves quantization of the input, so it necessarily introduces a small amount of error. Furthermore, instead of continuously performing the conversion, an ADC does the conversion periodically, sampling the input. The result is a sequence of digital values that have been converted from a continuous-time and continuous-amplitude analog signal to a discrete-time and discrete-amplitude digital signal.An ADC is defined by its bandwidth (the range of frequencies it can measure) and its signal to noise ratio (how accurately it can measure a signal relative to the noise it introduces). The actual bandwidth of an ADC is characterized primarily by its sampling rate, and to a lesser extent by how it handles errors such as aliasing. The dynamic range of an ADC is influenced by many factors, including the resolution (the number of output levels it can quantize a signal to), linearity and accuracy (how well the quantization levels match the true analog signal) and jitter (small timing errors that introduce additional noise). The dynamic range of an ADC is often summarized in terms of its effective number of bits (ENOB), the number of bits of each measure it returns that are on average not noise. An ideal ADC has an ENOB equal to its resolution. ADCs are chosen to match the bandwidth and required signal to noise ratio of the signal to be quantized. If an ADC operates at a sampling rate greater than twice the bandwidth of the signal, then perfect reconstruction is possible given an ideal ADC and neglecting quantization error. The presence of quantization error limits the dynamic range of even an ideal ADC, however, if the dynamic range of the ADC exceeds that of the input signal, its effects may be neglected resulting in an essentially perfect digital representation of the input signal.An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement such as an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage or current. However, some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices, such as rotary encoders, can also be considered ADCs. The digital output may use different coding schemes. Typically the digital output will be a two's complement binary number that is proportional to the input, but there are other possibilities. An encoder, for example, might output a Gray code.The inverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).