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CC RTM CARD LAYOUT GENERAL PLACEMENT The figure above
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... In general the ICs in the clocking circuitry should be placed close together. U4,U5,U8 and U11 are the first group and U14,U15,U16 are the second and U3,U10, and U6 are the third group. U12 should be placed close to the RJ45 connector block. The rules concerning the PLL ICs, U16 and U3 are as follow ...
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... The MAX5974A/MAX5974B feature unique circuitry to achieve output regulation without using an optocoupler, while the MAX5974C/MAX5974D utilize the traditional optocoupler feedback method. An internal error amplifier with a 1% reference is very useful in nonisolated design, eliminating the need for an ...
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... performance and flexibility. A series of three half-band FIR filter stages provide 8× decimation filtering with 85 dB of stopband attenuation and 0.004 dB of pass-band ripple. An onboard digital multiplexer allows the user to access data from the various stages of the decimation filter. The on-chip ...
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... father, M.T. “Bill” Putnam, in 1960. The 610 was a rotary-control console and it was also the first console of a modular design. Although technologically simple compared to modern consoles, the 610 possessed a warmth and character that kept it in demand for decades. A prominent component of my fathe ...
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... power. The AD8278 and AD8279 provide exceptional commonmode rejection ratio (80 dB) and high bandwidth while amplifying input signals that are well beyond the supply rails. The on-chip resistors are laser trimmed for excellent gain accuracy and high CMRR. They also have extremely low gain drift vs. ...
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Analog-to-digital converter



An analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts a continuous physical quantity (usually voltage) to a digital number that represents the quantity's amplitude.The conversion involves quantization of the input, so it necessarily introduces a small amount of error. Furthermore, instead of continuously performing the conversion, an ADC does the conversion periodically, sampling the input. The result is a sequence of digital values that have been converted from a continuous-time and continuous-amplitude analog signal to a discrete-time and discrete-amplitude digital signal.An ADC is defined by its bandwidth (the range of frequencies it can measure) and its signal to noise ratio (how accurately it can measure a signal relative to the noise it introduces). The actual bandwidth of an ADC is characterized primarily by its sampling rate, and to a lesser extent by how it handles errors such as aliasing. The dynamic range of an ADC is influenced by many factors, including the resolution (the number of output levels it can quantize a signal to), linearity and accuracy (how well the quantization levels match the true analog signal) and jitter (small timing errors that introduce additional noise). The dynamic range of an ADC is often summarized in terms of its effective number of bits (ENOB), the number of bits of each measure it returns that are on average not noise. An ideal ADC has an ENOB equal to its resolution. ADCs are chosen to match the bandwidth and required signal to noise ratio of the signal to be quantized. If an ADC operates at a sampling rate greater than twice the bandwidth of the signal, then perfect reconstruction is possible given an ideal ADC and neglecting quantization error. The presence of quantization error limits the dynamic range of even an ideal ADC, however, if the dynamic range of the ADC exceeds that of the input signal, its effects may be neglected resulting in an essentially perfect digital representation of the input signal.An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement such as an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage or current. However, some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices, such as rotary encoders, can also be considered ADCs. The digital output may use different coding schemes. Typically the digital output will be a two's complement binary number that is proportional to the input, but there are other possibilities. An encoder, for example, might output a Gray code.The inverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
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