Understanding Architectural Drawings
... The third phase of the architectural design process is the Construction Drawings phase, or CD for short. This phase is often referred to as the Construction Documents phase, but for the purpose of this book, I will usually refer to this phase as Construction Drawings. During this phase, additional d ...
... The third phase of the architectural design process is the Construction Drawings phase, or CD for short. This phase is often referred to as the Construction Documents phase, but for the purpose of this book, I will usually refer to this phase as Construction Drawings. During this phase, additional d ...
金茂大厦 jin mao tower
... dilemma as some deformations occur during construction due to self weight, while some occur over time, in some cases up to 10 years or more. Concrete and steel both deform elastically, but concrete also creeps and shrinks over time. For a building as tall as the Jin Mao, vertical displacement at the ...
... dilemma as some deformations occur during construction due to self weight, while some occur over time, in some cases up to 10 years or more. Concrete and steel both deform elastically, but concrete also creeps and shrinks over time. For a building as tall as the Jin Mao, vertical displacement at the ...
lateral forces— earthquakes
... the interior of a multistory building. Because walls enclosing stairways, elevator shafts, and mechanical chases are mostly solid and run the entire height of the building, they are often used for shear walls. Although not as efficient from a strictly structural point of view, interior shear walls do ...
... the interior of a multistory building. Because walls enclosing stairways, elevator shafts, and mechanical chases are mostly solid and run the entire height of the building, they are often used for shear walls. Although not as efficient from a strictly structural point of view, interior shear walls do ...
Alaska Housing Manual - Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
... cheaper to heat and maintain, have good air quality, and last longer. The remainder of this book explains how to construct a new building or retrofit an existing building to meet Alaska standards. First, we give a brief discussion of building science and design considerations. Then, we take a region ...
... cheaper to heat and maintain, have good air quality, and last longer. The remainder of this book explains how to construct a new building or retrofit an existing building to meet Alaska standards. First, we give a brief discussion of building science and design considerations. Then, we take a region ...
видашенко збірник текстів для будівельних спец 1 куурс
... example, many birds utter warning calls at the approach of danger; apes utter different cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language. For instance, animals’ cries are not articulate. This means, basicall ...
... example, many birds utter warning calls at the approach of danger; apes utter different cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language. For instance, animals’ cries are not articulate. This means, basicall ...
now available online
... Figure 9 shows the locations and available recorded values of PGA from the RENAC Network, for the three main directions. The highest accelerations were recorded in Pedernales, to the south of the epicenter (Black Star). The values in Manta, Portoviejo and Chone are larger than the accelerations reco ...
... Figure 9 shows the locations and available recorded values of PGA from the RENAC Network, for the three main directions. The highest accelerations were recorded in Pedernales, to the south of the epicenter (Black Star). The values in Manta, Portoviejo and Chone are larger than the accelerations reco ...
Historic Property Inventory - Spokane Historic Preservation Office
... excavated dirt mixed with huge quantities of cobblestones, which were free for the taking. Many were of an ideal and uniform sized for building houses, walls, and other structures, which are widely in evidence even today, long after the irrigation ditches were replaced by deep wells. RESIDENTIAL CO ...
... excavated dirt mixed with huge quantities of cobblestones, which were free for the taking. Many were of an ideal and uniform sized for building houses, walls, and other structures, which are widely in evidence even today, long after the irrigation ditches were replaced by deep wells. RESIDENTIAL CO ...
Circular structures and buildings associated with vernacular Mauritz Naudé
... not focused on this type of investigation. The creation of a category such as ‘vernacular’ farm engineering is merely incidental, though essential for the discourse. This study is aimed at determining some tradition or patterns in the typologies of floor plan types that can be associated or classified ...
... not focused on this type of investigation. The creation of a category such as ‘vernacular’ farm engineering is merely incidental, though essential for the discourse. This study is aimed at determining some tradition or patterns in the typologies of floor plan types that can be associated or classified ...
Pioneer DC Engineering
... and stem walls with an interior slab on grade. The slab on grade is noted in the drawings to be 4 inches thick and reinforced with “reinforcing mesh 6x6 10/10”. There is an approximately 5’-0” wide x 4’-8” tall steam tunnel that is located directly beneath the floor slab with piping in it that was p ...
... and stem walls with an interior slab on grade. The slab on grade is noted in the drawings to be 4 inches thick and reinforced with “reinforcing mesh 6x6 10/10”. There is an approximately 5’-0” wide x 4’-8” tall steam tunnel that is located directly beneath the floor slab with piping in it that was p ...
Appendix 2 - Gazetteer of historic buildings
... alter, and it may simple have been setting out errors which caused these discrepancies. When the attic space was in use as living accommodation a door was cut into each of the centre pair of trusses. Nothing now remains of this except the rebate and catch for the latch in the king-post, and the lap- ...
... alter, and it may simple have been setting out errors which caused these discrepancies. When the attic space was in use as living accommodation a door was cut into each of the centre pair of trusses. Nothing now remains of this except the rebate and catch for the latch in the king-post, and the lap- ...
seismic bracing of a distributed cable tray
... Figure 4 Typical layout on one layer of cable trays A bracing concept relying on elements attached to the floor slab was proposed by the owner. This concept proved to be impractical since it would have either required large foundations for resisting overturning or diagonal bracing that would have in ...
... Figure 4 Typical layout on one layer of cable trays A bracing concept relying on elements attached to the floor slab was proposed by the owner. This concept proved to be impractical since it would have either required large foundations for resisting overturning or diagonal bracing that would have in ...
Technical Report 3
... increase the moment carrying capacity. However, this is majorly carried by the top and bottom reinforcement. The drop panels are not reinforced which proves that it does not provides minimum support in transferring slab moments to columns. Figure 8: Section of column strip for typical slab Slab dept ...
... increase the moment carrying capacity. However, this is majorly carried by the top and bottom reinforcement. The drop panels are not reinforced which proves that it does not provides minimum support in transferring slab moments to columns. Figure 8: Section of column strip for typical slab Slab dept ...
Physics Building - Facilities Management Division
... The main staircase in the Physics Building shares many characteristics with other early University of Saskatchewan buildings, such as the MacKinnon Building: slate treads, and oak handrails supported by steel and iron balusters (Figure 4). The commemorative integrity of the staircase is diminished ...
... The main staircase in the Physics Building shares many characteristics with other early University of Saskatchewan buildings, such as the MacKinnon Building: slate treads, and oak handrails supported by steel and iron balusters (Figure 4). The commemorative integrity of the staircase is diminished ...
to access the full journal article
... structures is the connection details. Connections between precast building elements such as columns, beams, slabs and shear walls must effectively integrate the individual structural components in full continuity with each other so that the overall building structure behaves monolithically. In this ...
... structures is the connection details. Connections between precast building elements such as columns, beams, slabs and shear walls must effectively integrate the individual structural components in full continuity with each other so that the overall building structure behaves monolithically. In this ...
History of Weather Observing at Santa Fe, New Mexico 1871-1949
... The Santa Fe area has a long, rich history of weather observing beginning in 1849. A central path of weather observing was established early in Santa Fe when U.S. Army surgeons at Fort Marcy took the first weather observations at their hospital on January 1, 1849. Although Fort Marcy was planned for ...
... The Santa Fe area has a long, rich history of weather observing beginning in 1849. A central path of weather observing was established early in Santa Fe when U.S. Army surgeons at Fort Marcy took the first weather observations at their hospital on January 1, 1849. Although Fort Marcy was planned for ...
Southwick Center Design Guidelines
... in the Town Center District. The inappropriate scale and lack of character of these structures and the asphalt parking lots that are almost always sited in front of them strongly detract from the visual quality of the community. Strip buildings severely compromise the pedestrian environment by creat ...
... in the Town Center District. The inappropriate scale and lack of character of these structures and the asphalt parking lots that are almost always sited in front of them strongly detract from the visual quality of the community. Strip buildings severely compromise the pedestrian environment by creat ...
A Typology of Building Forms - King Saud University Repository
... Before examining building form, we can arrive at some useful observations regarding abstract form, particularly the factors that affect its complexity. Complexity of form refers to the difficulty of comprehension of the form as perceived by the average observer. It is affected by two main factors: ( ...
... Before examining building form, we can arrive at some useful observations regarding abstract form, particularly the factors that affect its complexity. Complexity of form refers to the difficulty of comprehension of the form as perceived by the average observer. It is affected by two main factors: ( ...
Design Guidelines Handbook
... in the Town Center District. The inappropriate scale and lack of character of these structures and the asphalt parking lots that are almost always sited in front of them strongly detract from the visual quality of the community. Strip buildings severely compromise the pedestrian environment by creat ...
... in the Town Center District. The inappropriate scale and lack of character of these structures and the asphalt parking lots that are almost always sited in front of them strongly detract from the visual quality of the community. Strip buildings severely compromise the pedestrian environment by creat ...
Methods and Strategies in the Rehabilitation of the Luneta Hotel
... to the late 1800 has contributed so much, not only in the belief, culture and lifestyle of the Filipino, but also in its architecture. Most of the Catholic churches spread out from the north to south of the Philippines are clear examples of Spain‟s influence in Filipino Architecture. However, some s ...
... to the late 1800 has contributed so much, not only in the belief, culture and lifestyle of the Filipino, but also in its architecture. Most of the Catholic churches spread out from the north to south of the Philippines are clear examples of Spain‟s influence in Filipino Architecture. However, some s ...
14 How Buildings Twist During Earthquakes?
... experts suggest limiting the height / depth ratio to 3 or 4, to safeguard the building against overturning. As the urban land is becoming more scarce and expensive, there is a trend to design slender buildings, which although not necessarily very high, may have a large height / depth ratio. This tre ...
... experts suggest limiting the height / depth ratio to 3 or 4, to safeguard the building against overturning. As the urban land is becoming more scarce and expensive, there is a trend to design slender buildings, which although not necessarily very high, may have a large height / depth ratio. This tre ...
The Use of Saint-Gobain Glass Roof Tile in New Urban Districts of
... nineteenth century, there were workshops processing imported raw iron from Great Britain, also partly from Belgium, France and Sweden for use in window shutters (İngiliz Konsolosluk 1998, p. 71). Rougon, the consul of France, in his book on the commercial and economic situation of Izmir in the 1890 ...
... nineteenth century, there were workshops processing imported raw iron from Great Britain, also partly from Belgium, France and Sweden for use in window shutters (İngiliz Konsolosluk 1998, p. 71). Rougon, the consul of France, in his book on the commercial and economic situation of Izmir in the 1890 ...
Stainless Steel For Roofing
... steep slope that was once part of a vineyard. In constructing the house, use was made of an old floor slab on the site that had belonged to an older house now swept away by a landslide. The new building is timber-framed, and follows the line of a high retaining wall on the upper side of the plot. A ...
... steep slope that was once part of a vineyard. In constructing the house, use was made of an old floor slab on the site that had belonged to an older house now swept away by a landslide. The new building is timber-framed, and follows the line of a high retaining wall on the upper side of the plot. A ...
Detailed Engineering Evaluation
... • Firstly, there is a lack of definition as to what a DEE comprises. A recommended procedure follows in Chapter 4 of this document. • The second issue is that there is not yet a legislative framework supporting this procedure. The Building Act (2004) does not include any post disaster provisions, or ...
... • Firstly, there is a lack of definition as to what a DEE comprises. A recommended procedure follows in Chapter 4 of this document. • The second issue is that there is not yet a legislative framework supporting this procedure. The Building Act (2004) does not include any post disaster provisions, or ...
JB Building Products
... 200,000m2 of various roofing and cladding profiles 5,000m2 of internal fire wall with Cryatherm When completed this project was the most advanced distribution centre in Europe, the largest single phase building in Europe and the largest commercial contract placed in 1987 which utilised profiled clad ...
... 200,000m2 of various roofing and cladding profiles 5,000m2 of internal fire wall with Cryatherm When completed this project was the most advanced distribution centre in Europe, the largest single phase building in Europe and the largest commercial contract placed in 1987 which utilised profiled clad ...
Design of Wood Frame Structures for Permanence
... It should be stressed that when wood is protected from water or from vapor condensation, and exposed to normal atmospheric conditions such as exist inside buildings and outdoors, its moisture content rarely exceeds 15 percent. Therefore, moisture content control by means of accepted design and cons ...
... It should be stressed that when wood is protected from water or from vapor condensation, and exposed to normal atmospheric conditions such as exist inside buildings and outdoors, its moisture content rarely exceeds 15 percent. Therefore, moisture content control by means of accepted design and cons ...
Rural Khmer house
Rural Khmer houses are a traditional house types of the Khmer people.Typically, rural Khmer houses are rectangular two-storey buildings, varying in size from 4 metres (13 ft) by 6 metres (20 ft) to about 6 by 10 metres (33 ft). The basic structure consists of a wooden frame, and the roof is erected before the walls on the upper floor are inserted. The roof frame defines the type of the house: a gabled roof (Phteah Rông Daol), a hipped roof (Phteah Pét), the Khmer house (Phteah Keung) with a roof shape sometimes called a bonnet roof or shikoro in Japanese. In Battambong province most houses have open spaces beneath the roof. They are called Phteah Rông Doeung, which may be derived from thbal kdoeung, meaning that a rice mill was stored at the back of the house under a second awning. A common feature in every type of house is a 5–10 cm gap, on all four sides, between the top of the wall of the upper floor and the roof.Dwellings are raised on stilts that sometimes extend as high as 3 metres (9.8 ft) off the ground. In this way, annual floods do not affect the main room in the houses of rice farmers, whereas rural farmers are able to use the ground level area beneath the house for working and to provide shelter for livestock. One or two wooden ladders, ramps or staircases provide access to the upper floor. The simplest houses consist of only one room on the upper floor, partitioned off to provide a storage place for rice, a bedroom for the parents, and a further space for unmarried daughters.The upper floor generally consists of one large room. The main part of this room, the area where visitors are received, is defined by four central pillars; in this space there will be a figure of Buddha, a television, and a battery-operated electric light in the centre attached to the pillars. The parents’ sleeping space is situated either to the left or the right of the central entrance; textiles are often hung to separate this area from the rest of the room. To the back of the upper floor, on the left, is a space for the girls, whilst the boys have a space reserved for them on the right. This arrangement may vary from one family to another, but children are always separated by gender and placed at the back of the house. Other variations in position relative to the main central area are possible, but this room, with a figure of Buddha, television and battery-operated light, always remains the most important area.Despite indoor and outdoor temperatures of 36 °C (97 °F) and up to 80% relative humidity the old rural Khmer houses are very comfortable, both at ground level and on the upper floor. In spite of the absence of electric or mechanical air conditioning, a draught-free environment appears to be attained simply by means of natural ventilation.