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Oscilloscope Homebrew
Oscilloscope Homebrew

... The voltage at the emitter is pulled down until it is equal to the base voltage plus the one diode drop of the transistor base-emitter junction. So the emitter voltage ends up at 2.5V below the +9V supply and it stays at that voltage no matter what the collector voltage may be. The emitter current i ...
Electric Circuits
Electric Circuits

... In a battery, a series of chemical reactions occur in which electrons are transferred from one terminal to another. There is a potential difference (voltage) between these poles. The maximum potential difference a power source can have is called the electromotive force or (EMF), e. The term isn't ac ...
Low-Voltage Current Sink Controls High-Voltage
Low-Voltage Current Sink Controls High-Voltage

... size: at 650 kHz they provide 90% efficiency; at 1.3 MHz their circuit implementation occupies the smallest space, making them ideal for space-constrained environments in portable devices and liquid-crystal displays. The adjustable soft-start circuit prevents inrush currents—ensuring safe, predictab ...
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Presentation on basic electricity
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Unit 7 - Electrical Circuits and Systems
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... 1&2) Identify and label N nodal voltages plus the ground node (V=0) 3) Apply KCL at N nodes (supernode makes constraint eq.) 4) Solve for the nodal voltages ...
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... potential difference appears across the coil than before. Consequently, less potential difference appears across the bulb, so the bulb is dimmer. ...
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Powering Microcontrollers from Industrial Supply Rails

Name True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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Electrical Measurements and Instruments

... bulb filament. 6. Compare your result in (5) with your measurement in (3). Are they the same? If not, can ...
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Troubleshooting Power Supply and Voltage Regulator Sections

... is just generating a reference voltage or regulating the voltage to one or two ICs and current is in the range of tens on milli-Amps shunt regulators are typically found. Zener diodes are typically used but these are not the only option. At lower voltages we may use Stabistors or just about any devi ...
ETEE1123 Homework 4 - Personal Web Pages
ETEE1123 Homework 4 - Personal Web Pages

... 4-26. The voltage drop across a 3-Ω resistor is 9 mV. What is the power input to the resistor? 4-27. If the power input to a 4-Ω resistor is 64 W, what is the current through the resistor? 4-32. What are the internal resistance and voltage rating of a 450-W automatic washer ...
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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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