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Conversion of voltmeter to ammeter and vice-versa
Conversion of voltmeter to ammeter and vice-versa

Power Factor Correction Handbook
Power Factor Correction Handbook

... is the product of the rms value of current times the rms value of voltage. If both current and voltage are sinusoidal and in phase, the power factor is 1.0. If both are sinusoidal but not in phase, the power factor is the cosine of the phase angle. In elementary courses in electricity this is someti ...
General technical information
General technical information

Kinetis KL26: 48MHz Cortex-M0+ 32-128KB Flash 32-64pin
Kinetis KL26: 48MHz Cortex-M0+ 32-128KB Flash 32-64pin

Ground Fault Protection on Ungrounded and High Resistance
Ground Fault Protection on Ungrounded and High Resistance

... Ungrounded distribution systems are used in industrial installations, due to their ability to provide continuous service with a ground fault on one phase. A single-phase failure to ground does not cause high current to flow, because the current is limited by the capacitance of the other two phases. ...
AVTRON ACCel500 FREQUENCY CONVERTERS Frames 4-12
AVTRON ACCel500 FREQUENCY CONVERTERS Frames 4-12

... dangerous and may cause death or severe injury. The control unit is isolated from mains potential. • The motor terminals U, V, W and the DC-link/brake resistor terminals are live when ACCel500 is connected to mains, even if the motor is not running. • After disconnecting the frequency converter from ...
Thevenin Equivalence
Thevenin Equivalence

... Determining the Thevenin Equivalent in Circuits with Only INDEPENDENT SOURCES The Thevenin Equivalent Source is computed as the open loop voltage The Thevenin Equivalent Resistance CAN BE COMPUTED by setting to zero all the sources and then determining the resistance seen from the terminals where t ...
AD5241,42 - Analog Devices
AD5241,42 - Analog Devices

... INL and DNL are measured at VW with the RDAC configured as a potentiometer divider similar to a voltage output D/A converter. VA = VDD and VB = 0 V. DNL specification limits of ±1 LSB maximum are guaranteed monotonic operating conditions. See Figure 37. ...
PCA9601 1. General description Dual bidirectional bus buffer
PCA9601 1. General description Dual bidirectional bus buffer

... of PCA9517, etc. The SX/SY side is only intended for, and compatible with, the normal I2C-bus logic voltage levels of I2C-bus master and slave chips, or even TX/RX signals of a second PCA9601 or P82B96 if required. The TX/RX and TY/RY I/O pins use the standard I2C-bus logic voltage levels of all I2C ...
CURRENT AND RESISTANCE
CURRENT AND RESISTANCE

... These collisions cause the ions to move randomly; we saw in Chapter 10 that randomly moving atoms in a material have energy in the form of thermal energy. So as the electrons move through the wire they transfer their electric potential energy into thermal energy of the wire—it gets warmer. (d) We es ...
SN74LVC1404 OSCILLATOR DRIVER FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR OR CERAMIC RESONATOR FEATURES
SN74LVC1404 OSCILLATOR DRIVER FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR OR CERAMIC RESONATOR FEATURES

... XIN and XOUT pins can be connected to a crystal or resonator in oscillator applications. The device provides an additional unbuffered inverter (OSCOUT) and a Schmitt-trigger input inverter for signal conditioning (see Figure 3). The control (CTRL) input disables the oscillator circuit to reduce powe ...
MP28164 - Monolithic Power System
MP28164 - Monolithic Power System

LTC1235 - Microprocessor Supervisory Circuit
LTC1235 - Microprocessor Supervisory Circuit

... VBATT, the status of the BACKUP pin stored in the Memory Logic controls M2. If the status is high, auxiliary power, connected to VBATT is delivered to VOUT through M2. If the status is low, the Memory Logic keeps M2 off and VOUT is in Battery Saving Mode. If backup battery or auxiliary power is not ...
Chapter 22 Performing Behavioral Modeling
Chapter 22 Performing Behavioral Modeling

... sources that may be configured to emulate op-amps, single- or multi-input logic gates, or any system with a continuous algebraic transfer function. These functions may be in algebraic form or in the form of coordinate pairs. Digital stimulus files are useful features that allow you to enter a number ...
UM10589 SSL2129AT 12 W 230 V flyback mains dimmable LED
UM10589 SSL2129AT 12 W 230 V flyback mains dimmable LED

... charging of C9. The ton time is reduced and the power transferred to the secondary side is reduced. The output current can then be smaller. There is no need for deep dimming circuits for some dimmers, especially in 100 V (AC) or 120 V (AC) applications. Several components are then no longer required ...
PCA9547 1. General description 8-channel I
PCA9547 1. General description 8-channel I

... The pass gates of the multiplexers are constructed such that the VDD pin can be used to limit the maximum high voltage which will be passed by the PCA9547. This allows the use of different bus voltages on each pair, so that 1.8 V, 2.5 V, or 3.3 V parts can communicate with 5 V parts without any addi ...
MMPF0200Z, 12 Channel Configurable Power Management
MMPF0200Z, 12 Channel Configurable Power Management

... © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2014. All rights reserved. ...
LTM4600HV - 28VIN High Efficiency DC/DC uModule
LTM4600HV - 28VIN High Efficiency DC/DC uModule

... the controller turns on and begins switching. At low load current the module works in continuous current mode by default to achieve minimum output voltage ripple. It can be programmed to operate in discontinuous current mode for improved light load efficiency when the FCB pin is pulled up above 0.8V ...
MAX5722 12-Bit, Low-Power, Dual, Voltage-Output DAC with Serial Interface General Description
MAX5722 12-Bit, Low-Power, Dual, Voltage-Output DAC with Serial Interface General Description

... DSP-compatible serial interface save board space and reduce the complexity of opto- and transformer-isolated applications. The MAX5722 on-chip power-on reset (POR) circuit resets the DAC outputs to zero and loads the output with a 100kΩ resistor to ground. This provides additional safety for applica ...
V DS
V DS

... Difference in work-function between gate and substrate material, oxide thickness, Fermi voltage, charge of impurities trapped at the surface, dosage of implanted ions, etc. ...
AC electrical theory
AC electrical theory

8-Channel, 24-Bit Analog-To-Digital Converter (Rev. C)
8-Channel, 24-Bit Analog-To-Digital Converter (Rev. C)

AN84 - Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume IV
AN84 - Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume IV

... and to track it up to a maximum of fMAX = 2 • fMIN. A logic signal may also be coupled to PLL LPF to effect a 2:1 frequency shift, provided that the initial frequency has been set to less than 200kHz. ...
Tecnociencia Articul..
Tecnociencia Articul..

AN123 - Application and Optimization of a 2GHz Differential Amplifier/ADC Driver
AN123 - Application and Optimization of a 2GHz Differential Amplifier/ADC Driver

... correlation, since they originate from the same physical noise sources inside the circuit. The RMS subtraction used here neglects this fact. The correlation of the voltage and current noise sources will have an impact on the accuracy of the calculations when RS > 100Ω and in contributes a higher por ...
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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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