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sc 90 electricity notes2012
sc 90 electricity notes2012

... cannot move freely from atom to atom. • Wood and glass are insulators that behave this way. This is why dust particles are attracted to them and stick to these surfaces. Teflon, some plastics, rubber, porcelain, paper, varnish, and fiberglass • Since electric charges cannot pass through them they ar ...
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... constant current/constant voltage linear charger. It includes an integrated pass device, reverse blocking protection, high accuracy current and voltage regulation, charge status, and charge termination. The charging current, charge termination current, and recharge voltage are programmable with an e ...
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... RF power amplifiers are commonly designated as classes A, B, C, D, E, and F [19]. All but class A employ various nonlinear, switching, and wave-shaping techniques. Classes of operation differ not in only the method of operation and efficiency, but also in their power-output capability. The power-out ...
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... constant current source Io2 but the main buffer is biased by the output current of the first one. Drain currents of M2 and M4 are copied, by the current mirrors and supply to drain terminals of M5 and M7 as the biasing currents. From the last section, we have known that ID2 and ID4 are functions of ...
OPAx316 10-MHz, Low-Power, Low-Noise, RRIO, 1.8
OPAx316 10-MHz, Low-Power, Low-Noise, RRIO, 1.8

... The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDECstandard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environ ...
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... capacitor is charged (Q = Q0) no current flows in the circuit. (b) A half period after closing the switch the capacitor again comes to a maximum charge, this time with the positive charge on the lower plate. This oscillation of positive charge from the upper to lower plate of the capacitor is only o ...
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... Inductor Selection The MAX1553 has a 480mA inductor current limit and can drive up to six LEDs at 20mA or nine LEDs at 15mA. Inductor values from 4.7µH to 47µH work satisfactorily. Larger values provide the best efficiency while small inductor values allow the smallest inductor size. A good choice f ...
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... The nanometer MMOS modeling was performed by using DESSIS module of the ISE TCAD program package. Fig 1 shows a vertical MMOS, but the results are also valid for horizontal MMOS. The transistor body thickness ranges from 10 to 20 nm; gate length – from 40 to 100 nm; the effective thickness dielectri ...
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... input bias current can be as low as nano-ampere range while the maximum input bias current can be as high as milliampere range. III. FILTER DESIGN METHODOLOGY A current-mode fifth-order low-pass RLC ladder filter shown in Fig. 6 is adopted as an example. It comprises the minimum requirement of DO-OT ...
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... The characteristic curves in Fig. 4.6b show that there are three distinct regions of operation labeled as triode region, saturation region, and cut-off-region. When used as a switching device, only triode and cut-off regions are used, whereas, when it is used as an amplifier, the MOSFET must operate ...
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... acceptable voltage limits. Although a semiconductor device acts as a capacitor with its in-built junction capacitance when the reverse voltage starts to build up during turn-off, an additional parallel RC snubber branch normally has to be utilized to further reduce the overvoltage to a reasonable li ...
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... Set CO so that these two values will fall within the limit values. Since the DC/DC converter causes a peak current to flow between input and output, capacitors must also be mounted on the input side. For this reason, it is recommended to use low-ESR capacitors above 10µF and below 100mΩ as the input ...
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Applied Electronics

... A good conductor offers very little resistance to the flow of electrical current. In other words, it lets currents flow with very little voltage being applied. Resistance is therefore a measure of how much voltage is required to let a current flow. Resistance is measured in ohms (). Electron flow  ...
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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being 'copied' can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source (CCCS). The current mirror is used to provide bias currents and active loads to circuits. It can also be used to model a more realistic current source (since ideal current sources don't exist).The circuit topology covered here is one that appears in many monolithic ICs. It is a Widlar mirror without an emitter degeneration resistor in the follower (output) transistor. This topology can only be done in an IC as the matching has to be extremely close and cannot be achieved with discretes.Another topology is the Wilson mirror. The Wilson mirror solves the Early effect voltage problem in his design.
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