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minimize losses in distribution system to maintain power
minimize losses in distribution system to maintain power

A New Topology of Single-Phase Nine
A New Topology of Single-Phase Nine

Computer interfacing Introduction
Computer interfacing Introduction

... % -----gain1 , low pass one pole , for simplicity make (R2/R1)=1 gv1(i)=-1/sqrt(1+(f(i)/fc)^2); %db=10*log_base10(power1/power2); or dB=20*log_base10(voltage1/voltage2; gain1_db(i)=20*log10(abs(gv1(i))); % -----gain2 , low pass two pole , for simplicity make {R3/(R1+R2)}=1 gv2(i)=-1/(1+(f(i)/fc)^2); ...
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... photodiode inputs. By isolating these inputs, it prevents unwanted ground loop problems. No other laser diode driver in the industry has this feature. The 4200DR also operates in constant voltage control mode, allowing you to use it in precision voltage applications, such as EML devices, or for doin ...
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... technique (APOD). A detailed study of the modulation technique has been carried out through MATLAB/SIMULINK for both multilevel converters and a comparative evaluation between DCMLI and CMLI using SPWM technique in terms of THD%. Keywords – Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter (CMLI), Diode clamped ...
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Preparation of Papers for IUST International Journal of Engineering
Preparation of Papers for IUST International Journal of Engineering

... phenomena usually result in widespread blackouts [2]. A number of these collapse phenomena were reported in France, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Japan, and the United States [3, 4]. Voltage collapse is basically a dynamic phenomenon with rather slow dynamics in time domain from a few seconds to some mi ...
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... 8. In the quasi-square-wave zero-voltage-switching resonant switches, all semiconductor devices operate with zero-voltage switching, and with peak voltages equal to those of the parent PWM converter. The switch conversion ratio is restricted to the range 0.5 ≤ µ ≤ 1. 9. The small-signal ac models of ...
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... All the main components (opening and closing coils, spring charging motor, etc.) are located on the front of the panel and their replacement only requires the removal of the front cover. If in the unlikely event that the circuit breaker needs to be replaced, this can be carried out by trained techn ...
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... voltage and handles proportional load sharing among inverters [9]. It shares the total load demand among sources in proportion to their power ratings and is commonly practiced to avoid overstressing and aging of the sources [7]–[9]. The secondary control, in an intermediate timescale, compensates fo ...
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... power grid at the sub-core level (one and only one core is supplied to by a grid-node); thus, a tolerance of just 1% in the voltage supply level is assumed. In this work, as we investigate the steady state effects of the PDN, time-varying network characteristics such as transient noise are not consi ...
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Multilevel converters

... Similarly, the ac output voltage at each level can be obtained in the same manner. Minimum harmonic distortion can be obtained by controlling the conducting angles at different inverter levels. With the phase current, i, , leading or lagging the phase voltage v,, by 90°, the average charge to each d ...
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Design Optimization of High Frequency Transformer for Dual Active

... leakage inductance and the phase-shifted angle between its terminal square wave voltages. As a result, there is always a trade-off between the leakage inductance and the phaseshifted angle when maximizing the power conversion. Additionally, at high switching frequency, high AC losses in the HFT wind ...
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Decibel

The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit that expresses the ratio of two values of a physical quantity, often power or intensity. One of these quantities is often a reference value and in this case the decibel expresses the absolute level of the physical quantity. The number of decibels is ten times the logarithm to base 10 of the ratio of two power quantities, or of the ratio of the squares of two field amplitude quantities. One decibel is one tenth of one bel, named in honor of Alexander Graham Bell; however, the bel is seldom used.The definition of the decibel is based on the measurement of power in telephony of the early 20th century in the Bell System in the United States. Today, the unit is used for a wide variety of measurements in science and engineering, most prominently in acoustics, electronics, and control theory. In electronics, the gains of amplifiers, attenuation of signals, and signal-to-noise ratios are often expressed in decibels. The decibel confers a number of advantages, such as the ability to conveniently represent very large or small numbers, and the ability to carry out multiplication of ratios by simple addition and subtraction. By contrast, use of the decibel complicates operations of addition and subtraction.A change in power by a factor of 10 is a 10 dB change. At the half power point an audio circuit or an antenna exhibits an attenuation of 3dB. A change in voltage by a factor of 10 results in a change in power by a factor of 100, which is a 20 dB change. A change in voltage ratio by a factor of two approximately corresponds to a 6 dB change.The decibel symbol is often qualified with a suffix that indicates the reference quantity that has been used or some other property of the quantity being measured. For example, dBm indicates a reference power of one milliwatt, while dBu is referenced to approximately 0.775 volts RMS.In the International System of Quantities, the decibel is defined as a unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities.
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