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The carbon cycle and land management
The carbon cycle and land management

... Carbon dioxide and several other gases in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases because they have the effect of trapping heat from the sun. This trapped heat keeps the temperature of the Earth’s surface at the level necessary to support life. Water vapour is the most abundant greenhouse gas but ...
this file
this file

... and forestry are themselves susceptible to climate change, they are also major contributors to it. Deforestation, forest degradation, agriculture and other land-use changes together account for almost one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. Fortunately, sustainable land management practices ca ...
Carbon and the Anthropocene
Carbon and the Anthropocene

... Progenitors of the Anthropocene All life on Earth, including humankind, is carbon-based. Organic carbon molecules provide the basic biochemical machinery underlying evolution and the use of environmental energy, attributes essential to life. DNA and RNA store and propagate information with nearly bu ...
Report
Report

... carbon emissions through the use of a carbon tax, which would concurrently fund the research and development of sustainable technology as well as accompanying efforts to adapt industry and labor in a steady transition to a low carbon economy. Several renewable energy technology solutions currently e ...
Climate and carbon dioxide - World Rainforest Movement
Climate and carbon dioxide - World Rainforest Movement

... to those of 135 Southern countries, or three billion people, put together– continually received instructions from industry groups such as the Global Climate Coalition, who spent millions of dollars spreading scientific disinformation. However, the events of the last few years have made it more diffi ...
Heiken-Forest-Carbon-Myths.pps
Heiken-Forest-Carbon-Myths.pps

... Forests are dark green, so they exacerbate global warming by absorbing rather than reflecting the sun's energy. ...
Recasting Economics As If the Climate and Global Ecology Really
Recasting Economics As If the Climate and Global Ecology Really

... economic incentives to maintain current carbon stocks (both fossil and non-fossil), as well as strong incentives to sequester and thus grow terrestrial and biological carbon stocks by an amount more than the amount of carbon emitted to the atmosphere, in order to shift the main direction of the carb ...
Engineering Systems: Broadening Engineering Research
Engineering Systems: Broadening Engineering Research

...  Many aspects of the future remain highly uncertain, creating the need for flexible climate policies.  Implementing an R&D-inducing carbon tax policy today provides a form of “insurance” against future carbon-emissions related climate damages, representing a important form of flexibility.  The fo ...
Towards a Global Carbon Market – Prospects for
Towards a Global Carbon Market – Prospects for

... German Federal Minister for the Environment, Peter Altmaier, officially opened the conference and expounded on how emissions trading is the key to help countries reconcile economic growth with environmental protection. Globalisation has allowed economic growth at an impressive pace; however, it come ...
Carbon Credits Program - Southern Section Air & Waste
Carbon Credits Program - Southern Section Air & Waste

...  The Kyoto Protocol is “An international agreement with mandatory targets on greenhouse-gas emissions (GHG) for the world’s leading economies which accept it. The Kyoto Protocol sets limits on total GHG emissions by the world’s major economies, a prescribed number of “emission units.” However, the ...
Carbon Budget and Trends
Carbon Budget and Trends

... Canadell JG, Raupach MR (2008) Forest management for climate change mitigation. ...
The Fifth Carbon Budget - Call for Evidence Question and Response
The Fifth Carbon Budget - Call for Evidence Question and Response

... that moving to a -30% target in 2020, with -25% delivered domestically, would involve cancelling 1.4 billion allowances from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.4 How might this package change, specifically its targeted emissions reduction, either before the end of Paris or after Paris? As indicated in ...
WESTERN KENYA SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURAL CARBON
WESTERN KENYA SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURAL CARBON

... to achieve these goals in the most cost-effective manner. These long-term carbon mitigation goals should align with overall developmental goals to maximise synergies and drive specific activities such as, but not limited to, clean energy, transport plans and energy or water efficiency action plans t ...
CESifo Working Paper no. 4703
CESifo Working Paper no. 4703

... this century. After this switch point, energy is supplied from renewable sources. Optimal climate policy limits global warming to 2.4 °C above pre-industrial temperature and is implemented through a rapidly rising carbon tax which flattens out and falls as economic growth and emissions taper off and ...
Using Markets to Conserve Natural Capital
Using Markets to Conserve Natural Capital

... without regard to the costs that may be imposed on others as a consequence. It is therefore in the public interest for governments to create the economic conditions for these impacts to be incorporated into the cost of doing business, as it already does in the case of environmental pollution.2 The o ...
`Much Ado about Carbon` by Dr. Alex Amato A close reading of the
`Much Ado about Carbon` by Dr. Alex Amato A close reading of the

... difficulty lies, as assessing the CO2 footprint of an entire nation’s consumables is no mean task. Having spent the last 20 years trying to quantitatively assess the environmental impacts of the construction sector, particularly its material consumption, I can attest to this. Nevertheless, methodolo ...
PDF
PDF

... Real‐world experience with energy pricing demonstrates the power of markets to drive changes  in  the  investment  and  use  of  emission‐intensive  technologies.    The  run‐up  in  gasoline  prices  in  2008  resulted  in  a shift  in  the  composition  of  new  cars  and trucks  sold  toward  mor ...
Climate change and Irish forestry
Climate change and Irish forestry

... emission savings of 47,500 tonnes of CO2 per year, or around €1 million in terms of emissions savings. Displacing emissions from fossil fuels by using wood only makes sense if the forests the wood comes from are sustainably managed: the carbon dioxide released from combustion of wood is effectively ...
The Carbon Cycle – Questions on reading web article
The Carbon Cycle – Questions on reading web article

... past century mainly to increases in atmospheric CO2. Without substantive changes in global patterns of fossil fuel consumption and deforestation, warming trends are likely to continue. The best scienti#c estimate is that global mean temperature will increase between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees C over the ne ...
Training and Accreditation.
Training and Accreditation.

... • “The Environmental Economy (in the UK) will grow by about 45% over the next eight years, with much of this growth generated by renewable energy activities.” BERR 2009 ...
2 4 12.0107 Carbon - The Climate Institute
2 4 12.0107 Carbon - The Climate Institute

... Rising emissions of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are altering the atmosphere and changing the global climate. As a result, and on the back of more than a century of scientific research, there is intense interest in carbon: from scientists, economists, companies, governments ...
Sequestration of Carbon Along Our Coasts: Important Sinks
Sequestration of Carbon Along Our Coasts: Important Sinks

... approximately 4 times estimates of tropical forest loss and with them we are losing a natural, very efficient carbon mitigation mechanism. Coastal pollution, development and aquaculture are all contributing to the loss of coastal ecosystems. [The annual loss of mangroves is the equivalent of losing ...
Earth Systems: Engineering and Management
Earth Systems: Engineering and Management

... charging polluters for their use of the atmosphere as a free sewer. In response, defenders of geoengineering retort that two-thirds of the world’s people use a small fraction of the energy per capita of the rich. Cheap primary energy (mainly coal) is needed, they say, to build the economies of less ...
Long-term grazing exclusion did not provide adequate soil carbon
Long-term grazing exclusion did not provide adequate soil carbon

... innovative approaches and fresh perspectives. This small-grant program is open to early-career researchers (five or fewer years into research career) in any discipline, from student to professor, and from any organization that is engaged in applied research on livestock production in South Asia and ...
The Promise and Problems of Pricing Carbon: Theory and
The Promise and Problems of Pricing Carbon: Theory and

... dioxide  (CO2)  emissions  and  the  lowest  share  of  U.S.  power  generation  by  coal  in  some  four  decades  (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2009).  Longer‐term evaluations of the impacts of energy prices  on markets have found that higher prices have induced more innovation – measur ...
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Carbon pricing in Australia

A carbon pricing scheme in Australia, commonly referred to as the ""Carbon tax"", was introduced by the Gillard Government and became effective on 1 July 2012, and was in operation until it was repealed by the Australian senate on 17 July 2014. The scheme required entities which emit over 25,000 tonnes per year of Carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases and which were not in the transport or agriculture sectors to obtain emissions permits. The Department of Climate Change stated there were 260 liable entities in June 2013. Approximately 185 discrete companies paid the carbon tax in 2013. Permits are either purchased or issued free as part of industry assistance measures.The pricing was part of a broad energy reform package called the Clean Energy Plan, which aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Australia by 5% below 2000 levels by 2020 and 80% below 2000 levels by 2050. The plan set out to achieve these targets by encouraging Australia's largest emitters to increase energy efficiency and invest in sustainable energy. The scheme was administered by the Clean Energy Regulator. Compensation to industry and households was funded by the revenue derived from the charge. Initially the price of a permit for one tonne of carbon was fixed at $23 for the 2012–13 financial year, with unlimited permits being available from the Government. The fixed price rose to $24.15 for 2013–14. The government announced a transition to an emissions trading scheme in 2014–15, where the available permits will be limited in line with a pollution cap. The scheme primarily applied to electricity generators and industrial sectors. It did not apply to road transport and agriculture. Domestic aviation did not face the carbon tax per se, but was subject to an additional fuel excise levy of approximately 6 cents per litre.Falls in carbon emissions were observed following implementation of this policy. It was noted that emissions from sectors subject to the pricing mechanism were1.0% lower and nine months after the introduction of the pricing scheme, Australia's emissions of carbon dioxide from electricity generation had fallen to a 10-year low, with coal generation down 11% from 2008 to 2009. However, attribution of these trends to carbon pricing have been disputed, with Frontier Economics claiming trends are largely explained by factors unrelated to the carbon tax. Electricity demand had been falling and in 2012 was at the lowest level seen since 2006 in the National Electricity Market.
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