as a PDF
... only small juvenile A. fulica, the Board of Agriculture introduced in 1957 another, larger, East African species, Gonaxis quadrilateralis (Preston) (Streptaxidae). Meanwhile, in 1955, the voracious predatory snail Euglandina rosea (FeÂrussac) (Spiraxidae), known commonly as the cannibal snail or ros ...
... only small juvenile A. fulica, the Board of Agriculture introduced in 1957 another, larger, East African species, Gonaxis quadrilateralis (Preston) (Streptaxidae). Meanwhile, in 1955, the voracious predatory snail Euglandina rosea (FeÂrussac) (Spiraxidae), known commonly as the cannibal snail or ros ...
Invasive Plants: Ecological and Agricultural Aspects
... of chance. The nature of nature haunts the observer, making experimentation, prediction and policy difficult to implement, but all the more essential in the face of the ever-growing threat posed by biological invasions. Yet biological invasions are a fundamental aspect of nature and have occurred ev ...
... of chance. The nature of nature haunts the observer, making experimentation, prediction and policy difficult to implement, but all the more essential in the face of the ever-growing threat posed by biological invasions. Yet biological invasions are a fundamental aspect of nature and have occurred ev ...
Seed size and plant strategy across the whole life cycle
... and Grime 1996). Furthermore, there are clear mechanisms through which larger seed mass might lead to higher seedling survival and lower seed output. The larger, better provisioned seedlings associated with large seeds (Fenner and Kitajima 2000, Leishman et al. 2000) are expected to be at an advanta ...
... and Grime 1996). Furthermore, there are clear mechanisms through which larger seed mass might lead to higher seedling survival and lower seed output. The larger, better provisioned seedlings associated with large seeds (Fenner and Kitajima 2000, Leishman et al. 2000) are expected to be at an advanta ...
Advantages of seed dispersal: A re-evaluation of
... on a refuse pile. The seed not taken by ants is incorporated into the soil seed bank when an animal steps on it and pushes it into the mud, where it can remain dormant for 2 years. The other two seeds, one within 10 m of the parent plant and one in the ant refuse pile, both germinate and establish a ...
... on a refuse pile. The seed not taken by ants is incorporated into the soil seed bank when an animal steps on it and pushes it into the mud, where it can remain dormant for 2 years. The other two seeds, one within 10 m of the parent plant and one in the ant refuse pile, both germinate and establish a ...
invasive ecology of exotic old world bluestem
... (Dichanthium annulatum); 3) Evaluate herbicide application and native grass seeding to rehabilitate an OWBG invaded coastal prairie; 4) Examine whether ecosystem function differs between areas dominated by OWBG vs. native coastal prairie; and 5) Characterize the germinable soil seed bank of an OWBG ...
... (Dichanthium annulatum); 3) Evaluate herbicide application and native grass seeding to rehabilitate an OWBG invaded coastal prairie; 4) Examine whether ecosystem function differs between areas dominated by OWBG vs. native coastal prairie; and 5) Characterize the germinable soil seed bank of an OWBG ...
Plant-mediated interactions between below- and
... decomposition and root herbivory are only one part of the diverse plant-animal and plantfungi interactions linking aboveground and belowground subsystems. In chapter 3 we analyzed the effects of leaf herbivores and root herbivores on plant growth, flower visitation and seed set. Leaf herbivory reduc ...
... decomposition and root herbivory are only one part of the diverse plant-animal and plantfungi interactions linking aboveground and belowground subsystems. In chapter 3 we analyzed the effects of leaf herbivores and root herbivores on plant growth, flower visitation and seed set. Leaf herbivory reduc ...
Impact of soil fauna on the properties of soils in the humid Tropics
... vertebrates and roots) and microorganisms (mainly fungi and bacteria) whose activity is directly controlled by that of the macroorganisms (Fig. 9-2). Microbial communities are able to effect almost any kind of chemical transformation, and certainly may even change their individual metabolic function ...
... vertebrates and roots) and microorganisms (mainly fungi and bacteria) whose activity is directly controlled by that of the macroorganisms (Fig. 9-2). Microbial communities are able to effect almost any kind of chemical transformation, and certainly may even change their individual metabolic function ...
Pausch J., Kramer S., Scharroba A., Scheunemann N
... and turnover rates of carbon (C) in organisms and the insight into their interactions. Stable isotope analysis has been increasingly used to disentangle soil food web structure, yet it has not been applied to quantitatively characterize C dynamics at the level of the entire soil food web. 2. The pre ...
... and turnover rates of carbon (C) in organisms and the insight into their interactions. Stable isotope analysis has been increasingly used to disentangle soil food web structure, yet it has not been applied to quantitatively characterize C dynamics at the level of the entire soil food web. 2. The pre ...
- iBrarian
... 3.1.1 Legal Status – Land Ownership and Tenure One of the most important differences between the two studies involved the nature of the surrounding lands and landholders/land-users. While the Kafue Flats areas are surrounded by rural communities (fishermen, farmers, and forest users), much of the l ...
... 3.1.1 Legal Status – Land Ownership and Tenure One of the most important differences between the two studies involved the nature of the surrounding lands and landholders/land-users. While the Kafue Flats areas are surrounded by rural communities (fishermen, farmers, and forest users), much of the l ...
View Chapter 1. Ecosystem management
... please refer to the 2007 Status Report for the MIP and Draft OIP. Ecosystem Management Unit Restoration Plans (ERMUP) have been written for eight MUs: Palikea, Kahanahaiki, Ohikilolo (Upper), Ohikilolo (Lower Makua), Ekahanui, Helemano, Kaala, and Kaluakauila. All are included here, following Projec ...
... please refer to the 2007 Status Report for the MIP and Draft OIP. Ecosystem Management Unit Restoration Plans (ERMUP) have been written for eight MUs: Palikea, Kahanahaiki, Ohikilolo (Upper), Ohikilolo (Lower Makua), Ekahanui, Helemano, Kaala, and Kaluakauila. All are included here, following Projec ...
When natural habitat fails to enhance biological pest control
... Natural habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial and temporal scales, not just the amount of natural habitat, is a major determinant of biodiversity in agriculture (Benton et al., 2003; Schellhorn et al., 2015; but see Batáry et al., 2011). Heterogeneous landscapes with a diversity of, often interm ...
... Natural habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial and temporal scales, not just the amount of natural habitat, is a major determinant of biodiversity in agriculture (Benton et al., 2003; Schellhorn et al., 2015; but see Batáry et al., 2011). Heterogeneous landscapes with a diversity of, often interm ...
do small-seeded species have higher survival through seed
... remaining after 24 hours of exposure to postdispersal seed predators at two of three field sites in Australia, and no significant relationship across 280 species from the global literature, or at the remaining field site. There was no significant relationship between seed mass and survivorship throu ...
... remaining after 24 hours of exposure to postdispersal seed predators at two of three field sites in Australia, and no significant relationship across 280 species from the global literature, or at the remaining field site. There was no significant relationship between seed mass and survivorship throu ...
POCKET GOPHERS Their Ecology and Management What do they look like?
... pulling plants down through the soil into the burrow. Leaves and stems are eaten during the ...
... pulling plants down through the soil into the burrow. Leaves and stems are eaten during the ...
Capítol 3
... 1998). These hypotheses assume that elevated CO2 concentrations promote a relative increase of carbon availability, that is accumulated in TNC and CBSSC when the provided carbon amounts exceed growth requirements (when the ratio source-sink raises) (Bryant et al., 1983; Herms and Mattson, 1992; Peñ ...
... 1998). These hypotheses assume that elevated CO2 concentrations promote a relative increase of carbon availability, that is accumulated in TNC and CBSSC when the provided carbon amounts exceed growth requirements (when the ratio source-sink raises) (Bryant et al., 1983; Herms and Mattson, 1992; Peñ ...
... production of large seed crops in perennial plants" that "results from weather conditions or is an evolved plant reproductive strategy" for satiating predators (Kelly and Sork 2002, 427). Mast-seeding in blackbrush is- a composite of both forces. The size of the seed crop is related to precipitation ...
Community structure of soil inhabiting nematodes in an apple
... ecosystem constitutes the nematode community. These communities are sensitive to changes in food supply [9] and environment [13, 14]. Thus, communities also have a significant role in regulating decomposition and nutrient cycling [15] and occupy a central position in the soil food web [16]. When att ...
... ecosystem constitutes the nematode community. These communities are sensitive to changes in food supply [9] and environment [13, 14]. Thus, communities also have a significant role in regulating decomposition and nutrient cycling [15] and occupy a central position in the soil food web [16]. When att ...
Primate Seed Dispersal
... dispersal processes that produce it, namely, what proportion of seeds are dispersed from parent tree crowns, which depends on the visitation rate and the number of seeds dispersed per visit of a dispersal agent, how far those seeds are moved from the parent (seed dispersal distance, App. 31.1), and ...
... dispersal processes that produce it, namely, what proportion of seeds are dispersed from parent tree crowns, which depends on the visitation rate and the number of seeds dispersed per visit of a dispersal agent, how far those seeds are moved from the parent (seed dispersal distance, App. 31.1), and ...
interactions among mycorrhizal fungi, rhizosphere organisms
... leakage of exudates through the plant plasmalemma decrease, and mycorrhizal colonization diminishes proportionately (Harris and Paul. 1987). Mycorrhizal colonization probably changes root exudation from easily utilizable sugars to more complex amino acids (Katznelson et al.. 1962). Laheurtc and Bert ...
... leakage of exudates through the plant plasmalemma decrease, and mycorrhizal colonization diminishes proportionately (Harris and Paul. 1987). Mycorrhizal colonization probably changes root exudation from easily utilizable sugars to more complex amino acids (Katznelson et al.. 1962). Laheurtc and Bert ...
Biodiversity and pest management in orchard systems. A review
... et al., 2007). If there is a consensus on the role of ecosystem services for crop production, then strategies to maintain, favour and preserve biodiversity are more debated. These strategies can range from surface areas dedicated to biodiversity conservation (‘land-sparing agriculture’) to biodivers ...
... et al., 2007). If there is a consensus on the role of ecosystem services for crop production, then strategies to maintain, favour and preserve biodiversity are more debated. These strategies can range from surface areas dedicated to biodiversity conservation (‘land-sparing agriculture’) to biodivers ...
Grass Carp, the White Amur: Ctenopharyngodon idella Cuvier and
... The grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Cuvier and Valenciennes, was imported to the U.S. in 1963 as a biological control agent for hydrilla (Hydrilla verticilliata (L.f.) Royle) and other aquatic plants. Efficacy experiments were conducted in Florida in the 1970s by the United States Department of ...
... The grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Cuvier and Valenciennes, was imported to the U.S. in 1963 as a biological control agent for hydrilla (Hydrilla verticilliata (L.f.) Royle) and other aquatic plants. Efficacy experiments were conducted in Florida in the 1970s by the United States Department of ...
Analyzing spatial patterns linked to the ecology of herbivores and
... Aboveground predator-prey interactions were first studied with PCR-based methods in the early part of this century. These studies employed conventional PCR protocols to investigate interactions between diverse groups such scarabids and slugs (Dodd et al., 2003) and spiders, hemipterans and lepidopte ...
... Aboveground predator-prey interactions were first studied with PCR-based methods in the early part of this century. These studies employed conventional PCR protocols to investigate interactions between diverse groups such scarabids and slugs (Dodd et al., 2003) and spiders, hemipterans and lepidopte ...
Ant-mediated seed dispersal - Scholar Press
... much higher density and abundance of food than is found in the smaller, scattered elaiosome-bearing seeds in myrmecochore plant communities. Moreover, even when elaiosomes are used as baits, seed-dispersing ant richness may be overestimated if bait stations contain greater amounts of attractant than ...
... much higher density and abundance of food than is found in the smaller, scattered elaiosome-bearing seeds in myrmecochore plant communities. Moreover, even when elaiosomes are used as baits, seed-dispersing ant richness may be overestimated if bait stations contain greater amounts of attractant than ...
Literature review and experimental design - Murray
... Floodplain and riparian ecosystems of the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) are largely dominated by four native tree species. These are river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) which is the most wide-spread within the Basin, black box (Eucalyptus largiflorens F. Muell.) which is found predominantly ...
... Floodplain and riparian ecosystems of the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) are largely dominated by four native tree species. These are river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) which is the most wide-spread within the Basin, black box (Eucalyptus largiflorens F. Muell.) which is found predominantly ...
Technical Guide #8: Seeding Methods
... Frost seeding is a special form of dormant seeding done at the tail end of winter when temperatures are below freezing at night and above freezing during the daytime. If the soil surface is free of snow or ice, seed can either be drilled or broadcast. The freeze-thaw action creates small cracks in t ...
... Frost seeding is a special form of dormant seeding done at the tail end of winter when temperatures are below freezing at night and above freezing during the daytime. If the soil surface is free of snow or ice, seed can either be drilled or broadcast. The freeze-thaw action creates small cracks in t ...
the role of microbial endosymbionts in sorghum halepense
... Invasive plants can profoundly alter ecosystem processes, and tremendous economic costs are often associated with these disturbances. Attributes like higher growth rates, increased biomass, and enhanced chemical defenses have been documented in many invasive plants. When expanding into new ranges, t ...
... Invasive plants can profoundly alter ecosystem processes, and tremendous economic costs are often associated with these disturbances. Attributes like higher growth rates, increased biomass, and enhanced chemical defenses have been documented in many invasive plants. When expanding into new ranges, t ...