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A Temperature-to-Digital Converter Based on an Optimized
A Temperature-to-Digital Converter Based on an Optimized

... ETF uses a folded heater layout rather than the rectangular layout of the previous ETF. In addition, the thermopile’s “hot” junctions are located on a roughly circular, constant phase-shift contour. This maximizes the thermopile’s output amplitude, which is proportional to the vector sum of the temp ...
How the Dynastart works - 1.0 Meg PDF file
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... IMPORTANT NOTE: The dash indicator light for the generator should have two terminals. The wire from the ignition switch is connected to one of the terminals. A second wire, that enters the wiring harness and goes to the voltage regulator, is connected to the other terminal. If the indicator lamp ins ...
MasteringPhysics
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... Kirchhoff's loop rule: The sum of the voltage changes across the circuit elements forming any closed loop is zero. Kirchhoff's junction rule: The algebraic sum of the currents into (or out of) any junction in the circuit is zero. The figure shows a circuit that illustrates the concept of loops, whic ...
Electrical - C:\4M\CALC\TESTELE
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External Cavity Diode Laser Controller
External Cavity Diode Laser Controller

... • To completely shut off power to the unit, turn the keyswitch anti-clockwise (STANDBY position), switch the mains power switch at rear of unit to OFF, and unplug the unit. • When the STANDBY/RUN keyswitch is on STANDBY, there cannot be power to the laser diode, but power is still being supplied to ...
Cell Phone Based Voting System
Cell Phone Based Voting System

... A port is a group of pins on a microcontroller on which the desired combinations of zeros and  ones can be set simultaneously or the present status can be read.  PIC16F873 has 3 ports  PORTA -6 bit  PORTB -8 bit  PORTC -8 bit ...
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... Acid Etching — material is selectively removed from areas of the wafer that are not covered by photoresist. This is accomplished through the use of many different types of acid, base and caustic solutions as a function of the material that is to be removed. Much of the work with chemicals takes plac ...
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... parallel circuits. You saw that in a series circuit, the current is the same through all elements. You also saw that in a parallel circuit, the current divides among the branches so that the total current through the battery equals the sum of the currents in each branch. You have also observed that ...
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Tips For Fusor Builders
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... sometimes called by a trade name such as Variac. The neon sign transformer will draw around 7 amps, and so an autotransformer capable of delivering 10 amps is the best size to use. If one cannot be found used or borrowed, a source of supply for an economy model is listed at the end of this article. ...
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... The card clock signal (CLK) is derived from a clock signal input to XTAL1 or from a crystal operating at up to 20MHz connected between XTAL1 and XTAL2. The output clock frequency of CLK is selectable through inputs CLKDIV1 and CLKDIV2. The CLK signal frequency can be fXTAL, fXTAL/2, fXTAL/4, or fXTA ...
Electro - Principles I
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... Materials that do not conduct are termed insulators.(I.E. glass, porcelain, plastic, rubber. The covering on electrical wire is an insulator. Insulators do not conduct because they have a full or nearly full valence shell and thus their electrons are tightly bound. If a high enough voltage is applie ...
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... Induction motors are most widely used in all industries. The speed of the induction motor has to be varied according to application requirement [1], [3]. So it is necessary to control the speed of induction motor efficiently. The speed of the motor can be measured using sensor or speed can be estima ...
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... If the current i () in a linear time-invariant capacitor remains bounded for all time in the closed interval [0,T], the voltage v across the capacitor is a continuous function in the open interval (0,T); that is the branch voltage for such a capacitor cannot jump instantaneously from one value to ...
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... current conveyors and providing both non-inverting and inverting filter functions. Current conveyor based COA implementation technique used in this paper make it possible to employ the circuit by using commercially available integrated circuits that can be employed as current conveyor such as AD844. ...
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ECE3030 Physical Foundations of Computer Engineering, Fall 2015

... range of values for the symmetric threshold voltages result in no short circuit current? Please note that, for example, < is different than ≤; e.g., if x ≤ 5 and y ≥ 5, then it is possible that x = 5 = y. On the other hand, if x < 5 and y > 5, then x and y never have the same value. You must use pro ...
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Opto-isolator



In electronics, an opto-isolator, also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator, is a component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the system receiving the signal. Commercially available opto-isolators withstand input-to-output voltages up to 10 kV and voltage transients with speeds up to 10 kV/μs.A common type of opto-isolator consists of an LED and a phototransistor in the same opaque package. Other types of source-sensor combinations include LED-photodiode, LED-LASCR, and lamp-photoresistor pairs. Usually opto-isolators transfer digital (on-off) signals, but some techniques allow them to be used with analog signals.
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