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Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation
Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation

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... topographical artifacts for true height determination. The first resonance (f1) of the cantilever is used to control tip height, while the second flexural mode (f2) for contact potential measurements. Two oscillation controllers OC4 are used, one as PLL for tracking the frequency shift at f1, and th ...
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Opto-isolator



In electronics, an opto-isolator, also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator, is a component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from affecting the system receiving the signal. Commercially available opto-isolators withstand input-to-output voltages up to 10 kV and voltage transients with speeds up to 10 kV/μs.A common type of opto-isolator consists of an LED and a phototransistor in the same opaque package. Other types of source-sensor combinations include LED-photodiode, LED-LASCR, and lamp-photoresistor pairs. Usually opto-isolators transfer digital (on-off) signals, but some techniques allow them to be used with analog signals.
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