Lecture #13 - February 27, 2004 - Introduction to Floating Point
... The simplest approach to storing numbers with fractions into memory is to arbitrarily assign some chunk of bits to contain the whole part and the rest to hold the fraction. This representation is called fixed-point. For example, in a 16-bit memory word you might assign 12 bits to the whole part and ...
... The simplest approach to storing numbers with fractions into memory is to arbitrarily assign some chunk of bits to contain the whole part and the rest to hold the fraction. This representation is called fixed-point. For example, in a 16-bit memory word you might assign 12 bits to the whole part and ...
Concurrency and Recovery in Generalized Search Trees
... the degrees of transactional isolation offered by the query language of the DBMS. Finally, the access method must fit in with the recovery mechanism that guarantees the integrity of the DBMS’s data. Most research on novel access methods completely ignores these issues, and algorithms for their suppo ...
... the degrees of transactional isolation offered by the query language of the DBMS. Finally, the access method must fit in with the recovery mechanism that guarantees the integrity of the DBMS’s data. Most research on novel access methods completely ignores these issues, and algorithms for their suppo ...
Ques 2:Which of the following: singly-linked list or doubly
... 121. What is the quickest sorting method to use? The answer depends on what you mean by quickest. For most sorting problems, it just doesn't matter how quick the sort is because it is done infrequently or other operations take significantly more time anyway. Even in cases in which sorting speed is o ...
... 121. What is the quickest sorting method to use? The answer depends on what you mean by quickest. For most sorting problems, it just doesn't matter how quick the sort is because it is done infrequently or other operations take significantly more time anyway. Even in cases in which sorting speed is o ...
22.3 Linked Lists
... • Tree: nonlinear, two-dimensional data structure • Tree nodes contain two or more links • Binary tree: tree whose nodes all contain two links (one or both of which may be None) • Root node: first node in a tree • Each link in the root node refers to a child • Left child: root node of the left subtr ...
... • Tree: nonlinear, two-dimensional data structure • Tree nodes contain two or more links • Binary tree: tree whose nodes all contain two links (one or both of which may be None) • Root node: first node in a tree • Each link in the root node refers to a child • Left child: root node of the left subtr ...
Cache-Oblivious Dynamic Search Trees Zardosht Kasheff
... memory hierarchy requires the user to consider multiple block sizes B1 , B2 , . . . , Bn . To create a tree that is aware of these blocks sizes, aware of the number of memory levels, and performs optimally is very complex, at best. Define the effective block size to be the value, B, B-trees should u ...
... memory hierarchy requires the user to consider multiple block sizes B1 , B2 , . . . , Bn . To create a tree that is aware of these blocks sizes, aware of the number of memory levels, and performs optimally is very complex, at best. Define the effective block size to be the value, B, B-trees should u ...
Chapter 24 Implementing Lists, Stacks, Queues, and Priority
... Array is a fixed-size data structure. Once an array is created, its size cannot be changed. Nevertheless, you can still use array to implement dynamic data structures. The trick is to create a new larger array to replace the current array if the current array cannot hold new elements in the list. In ...
... Array is a fixed-size data structure. Once an array is created, its size cannot be changed. Nevertheless, you can still use array to implement dynamic data structures. The trick is to create a new larger array to replace the current array if the current array cannot hold new elements in the list. In ...
Chap 07 :: Trees
... In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children. Typically the first node is known as the parent and the child nodes are called left and right. The essential differences between a binary tree and a tree are: Ø A binary tree can be empty whereas ...
... In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children. Typically the first node is known as the parent and the child nodes are called left and right. The essential differences between a binary tree and a tree are: Ø A binary tree can be empty whereas ...
Non-blocking Patricia Tries with Replace Operations
... length k − 1, then the kth bit of the node’s left and right children’s labels are 0 and 1, respectively. Since keys are `-bit binary strings, the height of the trie is at most `. For simplicity, our trie initially contains just two leaf nodes with labels 0` and 1` and a root node whose label is the ...
... length k − 1, then the kth bit of the node’s left and right children’s labels are 0 and 1, respectively. Since keys are `-bit binary strings, the height of the trie is at most `. For simplicity, our trie initially contains just two leaf nodes with labels 0` and 1` and a root node whose label is the ...
Chapter 24 Implementing Lists, Stacks, Queues, and Priority Queues
... Array is a fixed-size data structure. Once an array is created, its size cannot be changed. Nevertheless, you can still use array to implement dynamic data structures. The trick is to create a new larger array to replace the current array if the current array cannot hold new elements in the list. In ...
... Array is a fixed-size data structure. Once an array is created, its size cannot be changed. Nevertheless, you can still use array to implement dynamic data structures. The trick is to create a new larger array to replace the current array if the current array cannot hold new elements in the list. In ...
ViST: A Dynamic Index Method for Querying XML Data by Tree
... We transform XML data and XML queries into structureencoded sequences. We demonstrate that XML queries, including those with branches, or wild-cards (‘*’ and ‘//’), can be expressed by structure-encoded sequences. We show that querying XML data is equivalent to finding (non-contiguous) subsequence m ...
... We transform XML data and XML queries into structureencoded sequences. We demonstrate that XML queries, including those with branches, or wild-cards (‘*’ and ‘//’), can be expressed by structure-encoded sequences. We show that querying XML data is equivalent to finding (non-contiguous) subsequence m ...
Chapter x - CHAPTER TITLE
... allocated memory. Linked data structures may also be implemented using one array of records, or one or more arrays, where the items in the arrays with the same index serve as the record. An array of index values serves as the pointer to other records. If the array is dynamically allocated, either of ...
... allocated memory. Linked data structures may also be implemented using one array of records, or one or more arrays, where the items in the arrays with the same index serve as the record. An array of index values serves as the pointer to other records. If the array is dynamically allocated, either of ...
Efficient Evaluation of Radial Queries using the Target Tree
... need not be dense; since the target tree is a variable depth tree, some codes at various levels may go unassigned. In Figure 7c, we see such a variable depth tree. Even though the wedge with key (3, 0) has not split to form wedges at level 4, the children of wedge (3, 1) have not been assigned code ...
... need not be dense; since the target tree is a variable depth tree, some codes at various levels may go unassigned. In Figure 7c, we see such a variable depth tree. Even though the wedge with key (3, 0) has not split to form wedges at level 4, the children of wedge (3, 1) have not been assigned code ...
A Simple Implementation Technique for Priority Search Queues
... by the functional programming community and that deserves to be known better. Priority search queues are an amazing blend of finite maps (or dictionaries) and priority queues, that is, they support both dictionary operations (for instance, accessing a binding with a given key) and priority queue ope ...
... by the functional programming community and that deserves to be known better. Priority search queues are an amazing blend of finite maps (or dictionaries) and priority queues, that is, they support both dictionary operations (for instance, accessing a binding with a given key) and priority queue ope ...
Prefix Hash Tree An Indexing Data Structure over
... DHTs were designed in the Internet style: scalability and ease of deployment triumph over strict semantics. In particular, DHTs are self-organizing, requiring no centralized authority or manual configuration. They are robust against node failures and easily accommodate new nodes. Most importantly, t ...
... DHTs were designed in the Internet style: scalability and ease of deployment triumph over strict semantics. In particular, DHTs are self-organizing, requiring no centralized authority or manual configuration. They are robust against node failures and easily accommodate new nodes. Most importantly, t ...
Path Minima Queries in Dynamic Weighted Trees
... bits, where sµ , pµ , and rµ are arrays defined as follows. The array sµ is the binary encoding of the topology of µ. The array pµ maintains the local IDs of the nodes within µ, and enables us to find a given node inside µ. The array rµ maintains the rank of the edge-weights according to the preorde ...
... bits, where sµ , pµ , and rµ are arrays defined as follows. The array sµ is the binary encoding of the topology of µ. The array pµ maintains the local IDs of the nodes within µ, and enables us to find a given node inside µ. The array rµ maintains the rank of the edge-weights according to the preorde ...
Threaded Trees Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi
... number of ways. Oh…. That’s a big number. But only few out of n! traversals can be used for real data. Rest all appears to be useless as they only represent the data in a 1. Depth first traversal (Preorder, Inorder, Postorder) 2. Breadth first traversal(Level by Level Traversal) You must have got a ...
... number of ways. Oh…. That’s a big number. But only few out of n! traversals can be used for real data. Rest all appears to be useless as they only represent the data in a 1. Depth first traversal (Preorder, Inorder, Postorder) 2. Breadth first traversal(Level by Level Traversal) You must have got a ...
Historical Queries Along Multiple Lines of Time Evolution
... The Vertical Query is an extension of the single-line historical queries to the case of multiple lines of evolution. The state of the evolving system and the notion of a state change can be defined in various ways, depending on the application. In the example above, the state is defined as a collect ...
... The Vertical Query is an extension of the single-line historical queries to the case of multiple lines of evolution. The state of the evolving system and the notion of a state change can be defined in various ways, depending on the application. In the example above, the state is defined as a collect ...
57:017, Computers in Engineering Dynamic Data Structures
... /* pointer to new node */ ListNodePtr previousPtr; /* pointer to previous node in list */ ListNodePtr currentPtr; /* pointer to current node in list */ newPtr = malloc( sizeof( ListNode ) ); /* create node */ if ( newPtr != NULL ) { /* is space available */ newPtr->data = value; /* place value in no ...
... /* pointer to new node */ ListNodePtr previousPtr; /* pointer to previous node in list */ ListNodePtr currentPtr; /* pointer to current node in list */ newPtr = malloc( sizeof( ListNode ) ); /* create node */ if ( newPtr != NULL ) { /* is space available */ newPtr->data = value; /* place value in no ...
Fundamental Data Structures
... data structures, how to organize data for more efficient problem solving. The first type of data structure is index-based data structures, such as lists and hashtables. Each element is accessed by an index, which points to the position the element within the data structure. This is covered in Chapte ...
... data structures, how to organize data for more efficient problem solving. The first type of data structure is index-based data structures, such as lists and hashtables. Each element is accessed by an index, which points to the position the element within the data structure. This is covered in Chapte ...
Parallel Tree Traversal for Nearest Neighbor Query on the GPU
... very small (less than 64KB). Therefore, the computer graphics community has proposed various stackless tree traversal algorithms such as kd-restart [12], skip pointer [15], rope tree [16], and short stack [14]. The Kd-restart algorithm proposed by Foley et al. [12] divides a query line into multiple ...
... very small (less than 64KB). Therefore, the computer graphics community has proposed various stackless tree traversal algorithms such as kd-restart [12], skip pointer [15], rope tree [16], and short stack [14]. The Kd-restart algorithm proposed by Foley et al. [12] divides a query line into multiple ...
Chap9. Multilevel Indexing and B-Trees
... If T is a nonempty binary tree with TL and TR as its left and right subtrees, then T is height balanced iff (1) TL and TR are height balanced and (2) |hL-hR|<1 where hL and hR are the heights of TL and TR, ...
... If T is a nonempty binary tree with TL and TR as its left and right subtrees, then T is height balanced iff (1) TL and TR are height balanced and (2) |hL-hR|<1 where hL and hR are the heights of TL and TR, ...
Linked List
... • A call to a function with pointer parameters may need to use the & operator. – e.g., if we have an int variable value1 and f1(int *value), f1(&value1) is a legal call. ...
... • A call to a function with pointer parameters may need to use the & operator. – e.g., if we have an int variable value1 and f1(int *value), f1(&value1) is a legal call. ...
Priority Queues (Heaps)
... • The main problem with this algorithm is that it uses an extra array for the items exiting the heap. • We can avoid this problem as follows: – After each deleteMin, the heap shrinks by 1. – Thus the cell that was last in the heap can be used to store the element that was just deleted. – Using this ...
... • The main problem with this algorithm is that it uses an extra array for the items exiting the heap. • We can avoid this problem as follows: – After each deleteMin, the heap shrinks by 1. – Thus the cell that was last in the heap can be used to store the element that was just deleted. – Using this ...
Binary tree
In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, which are referred to as the left child and the right child. A recursive definition using just set theory notions is that a (non-empty) binary tree is a triple (L, S, R), where L and R are binary trees or the empty set and S is a singleton set. Some authors allow the binary tree to be the empty set as well.From a graph theory perspective, binary (and K-ary) trees as defined here are actually arborescences. A binary tree may thus be also called a bifurcating arborescence—a term which actually appears in some very old programming books, before the modern computer science terminology prevailed. It is also possible to interpret a binary tree as an undirected, rather than a directed graph, in which case a binary tree is an ordered, rooted tree. Some authors use rooted binary tree instead of binary tree to emphasize the fact that the tree is rooted, but as defined above, a binary tree is always rooted. A binary tree is a special case of an ordered K-ary tree, where k is 2.In computing, binary trees are seldom used solely for their structure. Much more typical is to define a labeling function on the nodes, which associates some value to each node. Binary trees labelled this way are used to implement binary search trees and binary heaps, and are used for efficient searching and sorting. The designation of non-root nodes as left or right child even when there is only one child present matters in some of these applications, in particular it is significant in binary search trees. In mathematics, what is termed binary tree can vary significantly from author to author. Some use the definition commonly used in computer science, but others define it as every non-leaf having exactly two children and don't necessarily order (as left/right) the children either.