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Reanalysis of Verb and Preposition In English
Reanalysis of Verb and Preposition In English

... of those people. Under the reanalysis hypothesis, the verb and preposition in each (b)-sentence above can be reanalyzed to form a complex verb and the prepositional object as the direct object of that complex verb is expected to be able to undergo subdeletion, just like an ordinary verbal object, as ...
Participles
Participles

... he had been liberated by means of a false name (part. falso is strictly used as an adjective meaning ‘false’, not meaning ‘having been deceived’) multos annos cives fuerant parati the citizens had been ready for many years (part. parati is used as an adjective meaning ‘ready’, not as part of an impo ...
Level 5 Teacher`s Book Sample
Level 5 Teacher`s Book Sample

... whether to use is or are (if the object is singular or plural). • Pupils complete the questions. Then invite volunteers to read out their answers. • Divide the class into pairs. Draw attention to the sample answer (sentence 4). First, pupils check that they understand the meaning of the questions ...
ppt
ppt

... Perfect Passive Participle amō, amāre, amāvī, amatum = amatus, a, um habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum = habitus, a, um ducō, ducere, duxī, ductum = ductus, a, um faciō, facere, fecī, factum = factus, a, um audiō, audīre, audīvī, auditum = auditus, a, um All perfect passive participles are translated: ...
PART I: Toba Batak Phrase Structure
PART I: Toba Batak Phrase Structure

... +AT = actor-trigger prefix; −AT = non-actor = patient-trigger prefix; PM = person marker It is claimed that the deep and surface structures for active and passive clauses are precisely the same, so that despite different interpretations their constituent structure remains identical in both modes. In ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... • We have changed the main verb to the passive form, thereby removing the external q-role, leaving us with this DS for – The sandwich was eaten. ...
Passive in the world`s languages
Passive in the world`s languages

... One might wonder whether these languages have a gap in their expressive power. Can they not express ‘John was slapped’ without committal as to who the agent was? And of course in general they can, but they will use fully active means to do so. If English had no passive, for example, we might give an ...
On past participles and their external arguments
On past participles and their external arguments

... care of by Voice (see e.g. Kratzer, 1996, and many others) and that Voice can take a verbal participial complement. If the external argument of the participle appears as a DP in the specifier of Voice, as in active constructions, the result is an active past participle. If it instead takes the form ...
Discrete Skills - Woosterapsi2011
Discrete Skills - Woosterapsi2011

... Just last week, as I was walking down the street with her, I again found myself conscious of the English I was using, the English I do use with her. We were talking about the price of new and used furniture, and I heard myself saying this: “Not waste money that way.” My husband was with us as well, ...
The Indirect Object
The Indirect Object

... An indirect object receives the action of a verb, but not directly. An indirect object can be found by putting the subject, verb phrase, and direct object together, and then asking, “To what or whom?” or “For what or whom?” An indirect object, like any object, will always be a noun or a pronoun. An ...
notes-gfs
notes-gfs

... • Who did Leslie give the tickets to? – Who is the object of a preposition. ...
Grammaticization of reflexive pronoun into a marker of passive
Grammaticization of reflexive pronoun into a marker of passive

... creation, so to speak. Similarly in (3b), where the use of a relative clause makes it explicit that the focus of interest is the bench and the state it was in as a result of some event. (This “aboutness”, however, is not to be understood in the topic-comment sense necessarily; I will return to this ...
Passive verb morphology: The effect of phonotactics on passive
Passive verb morphology: The effect of phonotactics on passive

... One of the most severe and widely-reported deficits in SLI affects verb morphology, and in particular the use of suffixes that mark tense and agreement (see review in Leonard, 1998). In English the pattern is one of variable suffix omission, e.g. Yesterday I play_/played football, He always watch_/w ...
is broken.
is broken.

... Arabic dialects. However the passive in Literary (written) Arabic has also been the subject of study in Saad (1982). In his Syntax of Modern Arabic prose, Canlarino (1975) gives an account on the use of the passive in Arabic similar to that given by Wright and originally by ancient Arab grammarians. ...
Complex Passive Constructions in Norwegian
Complex Passive Constructions in Norwegian

... general principle’, is naturally stateable in an HPSG format, are presented in section 2. With the same theoretical anchoring, section 3 elucidates the exact way in which the grammar of Norwegian can be said to ‘have’ the Complex Passive construction type, drawing on the notion of a type inheritance ...
IN DEFENSE OF PASSIVE Consider the following three sentences
IN DEFENSE OF PASSIVE Consider the following three sentences

... Consider the following three sentences: ...
New Observations on Ancient Greek Voice
New Observations on Ancient Greek Voice

... position “between the Active and the Passive,” in that the subject is said to act upon itself or in its own interest. While not false, that conception is misleading insofar as it assumes a relationship between a verb’s voice-form and transitivity that is not applicable with any regularity to the Gre ...
1. -ing participle used as gerund
1. -ing participle used as gerund

... participle & past participle • 1) as premodifier • Present participle (verb-ing )has the active meaning, past participle (verb-ed) has passive meaning and also shows the completion of an action. ...
Get-passives, Raising, and Control
Get-passives, Raising, and Control

Sentence
Sentence

... 1.) There are few people who question the benefits of encouraging teens. 2.) Working hard is often its own reward. 3.) Ayinde decided to see the movie tomorrow. 4.) My father’s job is managing the New York office. 5.) To reach that number is not possible on this ...
a. What is the cost? b. How is payment made? c. How quickly can it
a. What is the cost? b. How is payment made? c. How quickly can it

... 1. They use the: who, what, when, where, why (5W) technique. This technique guarantees to give the reader all the facts in the shortest possible space. It’s a guaranteed method for gathering all the details and answering the question. 2. They place the most important noun at the beginning of the sen ...
Participles: Form, Use and Meaning (PartFUM)
Participles: Form, Use and Meaning (PartFUM)

... What is ‘adjectival’ and what is ‘verbal’ in the grammatical makeup of participles? Do these ‘verbal’ and ‘adjectival’ properties characterize a participle itself or are they (partially) conditioned by the context in which a participle appears?  If we look at their distribution, participles can app ...
participles - WhippleHill
participles - WhippleHill

... declined like first and second declension adjectives. The present active participle is declined like a third declension adjective, except it can have an –e in the ablative singular as well as an –ī (recall that third declension adjectives in the positive degree had only an –ī in the ablative singula ...
articles basque resultatives and related issues
articles basque resultatives and related issues

... Cross-linguistically, there are many ways to build resultatives, but within this paper we focus on constructions using a past participle and an auxiliary. Auxiliary be is particularly suited for expressing states, so it is typically used for forming subjective resultatives from intransitive verbs, l ...
ARTICLES BASQUE RESULTATIVES AND RELATED ISSUES
ARTICLES BASQUE RESULTATIVES AND RELATED ISSUES

... Cross-linguistically, there are many ways to build resultatives, but within this paper we focus on constructions using a past participle and an auxiliary. Auxiliary be is particularly suited for expressing states, so it is typically used for forming subjective resultatives from intransitive verbs, l ...
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English passive voice

The passive voice is a grammatical construction (specifically, a ""voice""). The noun or noun phrase that would be the object of an active sentence (such as Our troops defeated the enemy) appears as the subject of a sentence with passive voice (e.g. The enemy was defeated by our troops).The subject of a sentence or clause featuring the passive voice typically denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). The passive voice in English is formed periphrastically: the usual form uses the auxiliary verb be (or get) together with the past participle of the main verb.For example, Caesar was stabbed by Brutus uses the passive voice. The subject denotes the person (Caesar) affected by the action of the verb. The agent is expressed here with the phrase by Brutus, but this can be omitted. The equivalent sentence in active voice is Brutus stabbed Caesar, in which the subject denotes the doer, or agent, Brutus. A sentence featuring the passive voice is sometimes called a passive sentence, and a verb phrase in passive voice is sometimes called a passive verb.English allows a number of passive constructions which are not possible in many of the other languages with similar passive formation. These include promotion of an indirect object to subject (as in Tom was given a bag) and promotion of the complement of a preposition (as in Sue was operated on, leaving a stranded preposition).Use of the English passive varies with writing style and field. Some publications' style sheets discourage use of the passive voice, while others encourage it. Although some purveyors of usage advice, including George Orwell (see Politics and the English Language, 1946) and William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White (see The Elements of Style, 1919), discourage use of the passive in English, its usefulness is generally recognized, particularly in cases where the patient is more important than the agent, but also in some cases where it is desired to emphasize the agent.
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