Introduction to Networks
... • Link and node failures • Messages are delayed • Messages are deliver out-of-order ...
... • Link and node failures • Messages are delayed • Messages are deliver out-of-order ...
Presentation
... The only AAL used by the Internet is AAL5, sometimes called the simple and efficient adaptation layer (SEAL). ...
... The only AAL used by the Internet is AAL5, sometimes called the simple and efficient adaptation layer (SEAL). ...
Chapter 2 Protocols and Architecture
... • At each layer, protocols are used to communicate • Control information is added to user data at each layer • Transport layer may fragment user data • Each fragment has a transport header added —Destination SAP ...
... • At each layer, protocols are used to communicate • Control information is added to user data at each layer • Transport layer may fragment user data • Each fragment has a transport header added —Destination SAP ...
TCP, UDP, ICMP - Dr. Stephen C. Hayne
... It’s harder for network devices to understand and track UDP status. You can’t tell from the header what part of the transmission it is. More difficult to secure therefore easy to use to attack. ...
... It’s harder for network devices to understand and track UDP status. You can’t tell from the header what part of the transmission it is. More difficult to secure therefore easy to use to attack. ...
PowerPoint slides
... Attempting to retransmit a packet at the front of the queue, effectively reduces the available bandwidth, potentially making the queue at base station longer If the queue gets full, packets may be lost, indicating congestion to the sender ...
... Attempting to retransmit a packet at the front of the queue, effectively reduces the available bandwidth, potentially making the queue at base station longer If the queue gets full, packets may be lost, indicating congestion to the sender ...
Modeling Networks as Graphs
... messages that sender sends to receiver. The sliding window protocol begins by choosing a window size W. Data messages are initially entered into a FIFO queue, and the sequence number is assigned, that is maintained by the sender. Sliding window protocol is used sending messages on the internet ...
... messages that sender sends to receiver. The sliding window protocol begins by choosing a window size W. Data messages are initially entered into a FIFO queue, and the sequence number is assigned, that is maintained by the sender. Sliding window protocol is used sending messages on the internet ...
PPT - 清華大學資訊工程學系
... – If the channel is busy, it waits another random period. After waiting, if the channel is silent, it sends data immediately. ...
... – If the channel is busy, it waits another random period. After waiting, if the channel is silent, it sends data immediately. ...
opdwork_racparams_cfgbnl_lastlp - Indico
... - Oracle database Session Data Unit (SDU). – Allows limited control over the packet sizes sent to the NT layer. – Possible values: 512 to 32767 bytes, 2048 default. – Minimizing overhead adjust it to the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) of the network protocol being used. Thus, MSS=Maximum Transmission Un ...
... - Oracle database Session Data Unit (SDU). – Allows limited control over the packet sizes sent to the NT layer. – Possible values: 512 to 32767 bytes, 2048 default. – Minimizing overhead adjust it to the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) of the network protocol being used. Thus, MSS=Maximum Transmission Un ...
Class Power Points for Chapter #2
... An IP address is a numeric identifier assigned to each machine on an IP network. It designates the specific location of a device on the network. IP addressing was designed to allow hosts on one network to communicate with a host on a different network regardless of the type of LANs the hosts are par ...
... An IP address is a numeric identifier assigned to each machine on an IP network. It designates the specific location of a device on the network. IP addressing was designed to allow hosts on one network to communicate with a host on a different network regardless of the type of LANs the hosts are par ...
ppt - NOISE
... • Source routing: Complete route is contained in each data packet • Circuit Switching: Signaling protocol sets up entire path out-of-band. (cf. the phone network) • Virtual Circuits: Hybrid approach. Packets carry “tags” to indicate path, forwarding over IP ...
... • Source routing: Complete route is contained in each data packet • Circuit Switching: Signaling protocol sets up entire path out-of-band. (cf. the phone network) • Virtual Circuits: Hybrid approach. Packets carry “tags” to indicate path, forwarding over IP ...
ch3-tcp
... What happens if ACK/NAK is corrupted? That is, sender receives garbled ACK/NAK sender doesn’t know what happened ...
... What happens if ACK/NAK is corrupted? That is, sender receives garbled ACK/NAK sender doesn’t know what happened ...
TCP/IP Course - The Technology Firm
... E – Flags: 3 bits long. One flag is used for fragmentation, and the other whether or not more fragments are to follow. Fragment Offset: 13 bits. Used to indicate the offset of where this fragment begins. F – Time to Live: 1 Byte. How many links this datagram can travel before an IP router discards i ...
... E – Flags: 3 bits long. One flag is used for fragmentation, and the other whether or not more fragments are to follow. Fragment Offset: 13 bits. Used to indicate the offset of where this fragment begins. F – Time to Live: 1 Byte. How many links this datagram can travel before an IP router discards i ...
Chapter 1 Data Communications and Networks Overview
... • Packet switching systems have large overheads to compensate for errors • Modern systems are more reliable • Errors can be caught in end system • Most overhead for error control is stripped out ...
... • Packet switching systems have large overheads to compensate for errors • Modern systems are more reliable • Errors can be caught in end system • Most overhead for error control is stripped out ...
Chapter 1 Data Communications and Networks Overview
... • Packet switching systems have large overheads to compensate for errors • Modern systems are more reliable • Errors can be caught in end system • Most overhead for error control is stripped out ...
... • Packet switching systems have large overheads to compensate for errors • Modern systems are more reliable • Errors can be caught in end system • Most overhead for error control is stripped out ...
Presentation11-Internet-Protocol_www
... • In TCP flow control, the sequence number refers to byte sequences instead of packet (or segment) sequence • Either entity can dynamically alter the size of the other’s sending window ...
... • In TCP flow control, the sequence number refers to byte sequences instead of packet (or segment) sequence • Either entity can dynamically alter the size of the other’s sending window ...
Getting Connected (Chapter 2 Part 3) Networking CS 3470, Section 1
... The link has a delay × bandwidth product of 67.5 Kb or approximately 8 KB Since the sender can send only one frame per RTT and assuming a frame size of 1 KB Maximum Sending rate is about 1/8 of link’s ...
... The link has a delay × bandwidth product of 67.5 Kb or approximately 8 KB Since the sender can send only one frame per RTT and assuming a frame size of 1 KB Maximum Sending rate is about 1/8 of link’s ...
Document
... The header contains essential information for controlling how it will be delivered. Refer Figure 1.4 ...
... The header contains essential information for controlling how it will be delivered. Refer Figure 1.4 ...
Net+ Chapter 1
... • TCP/IP is a versatile protocol that supports global connectivity without regard to operating system. • All major operating systems contain a TCP/IP protocol stack, including Microsoft operating systems, NetWare server versions 5.X and 6.X, Linux, and UNIX. • If an organization allows Internet conn ...
... • TCP/IP is a versatile protocol that supports global connectivity without regard to operating system. • All major operating systems contain a TCP/IP protocol stack, including Microsoft operating systems, NetWare server versions 5.X and 6.X, Linux, and UNIX. • If an organization allows Internet conn ...
Transport Control Protocol (TCP) & Applications
... • Congestion arises due to too much traffic and/or bottlenecks in the network • Limited storage in switches means that packets get dropped • Detecting congestion – switches can inform senders (network assisted) – packet loss can be used as a measure of congestion (end to end) ...
... • Congestion arises due to too much traffic and/or bottlenecks in the network • Limited storage in switches means that packets get dropped • Detecting congestion – switches can inform senders (network assisted) – packet loss can be used as a measure of congestion (end to end) ...
chapter2ccna
... Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) works at the Network layer and is used by IP for many different services. •ICMP is a management protocol and messaging service provider for IP. •Its messages are carried as IP datagrams. ICMP packets have the following characteristics: • They can provide host ...
... Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) works at the Network layer and is used by IP for many different services. •ICMP is a management protocol and messaging service provider for IP. •Its messages are carried as IP datagrams. ICMP packets have the following characteristics: • They can provide host ...
pptx
... Solution 1: make each step reliable, and then concatenate them Solution 2: end-to-end check and retry ...
... Solution 1: make each step reliable, and then concatenate them Solution 2: end-to-end check and retry ...