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and the Caribbean ▪ 2015      ... Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America
and the Caribbean ▪ 2015 ... Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America

... public treasury are estimated at US$ 26 billion at year’s end, a figure that includes over US$ 8 billion in the Pension Reserve Fund (FRP), US$ 14 billion in the Economic and Social Stabilization Fund (FEES) and US$ 3.5 billion in the Education Fund. Significant peso depreciation has been a major fa ...
(missing) Chapter 20: Great Depression and European Unemployment
(missing) Chapter 20: Great Depression and European Unemployment

... A very different story: no sudden rise in unemployment, just gradual increase over 20 years Dip in unemployment at end of 80s - but inflation acclerated, suggesting natural rate of unemployment has steadily risen Why increasing natural rate? Easy to explain high natural rate, in terms of social bene ...
Formulas for Macro AP
Formulas for Macro AP

... Real GDP = nominal GDP/price index Monetary multiplier = 1/RRR Total addition to banking system = 1st loan x money multiplier + initial deposit IF IT’S NEW $ • Amt. of $ a bank can loan = excess reserves = total reserves – (RRR x checkable deposits) • Real interest rate = nominal interest rate – exp ...
Ecuador_en.pdf
Ecuador_en.pdf

... 2008, the government froze these limits in 2009. Consequently, interest rates remained nearly unchanged during the year (at about 9.2% for the corporate productive sector and 11.2% for small and medium-sized enterprises). Nevertheless, the ceiling on interest rates for consumer credit was raised sli ...
Ecuador_eng.pdf
Ecuador_eng.pdf

... Between January and September 2010, value added tax receipts shot up by 21.5% over the same period in 2009. Other tax receipts were up sharply, too, with the exception of income tax, which is still feeling the effects of the 2009 downturn. Higher international oil prices pushed up petroleum revenues ...
Economic Indicators
Economic Indicators

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24. Growth and structural change

... causes permanent damage. For example, by 2003/04, Indonesia’s GDP recovered to the level (about $247 billion) that existed in 1997, although it would have been $396 billion had there been no crisis and the economy continued to grow at the pre-crisis rate of around 7%. That is why it is important for ...
Proposed National Key Result Areas (NKRAS) for the 12th Five Year
Proposed National Key Result Areas (NKRAS) for the 12th Five Year

... Percentage of domestic financing to total expenditure Annual average fiscal deficit (% of GDP) over plan period Domestic Credit (as % of GDP) Value of Annual Non-hydro exports CPI/PPI Annual /Average Real GDP Growth Share of non-hydro sectors to GDP Annual Average growth rate of real GDP per capita ...
Drop
Drop

... frontier. In the short run, if the rate of growth of aggregate demand is less than the rate of growth of productive capacity, then the economy is most likely to experience an increase in unemployment. ...
Power Point
Power Point

... Possible outcomes of budgets  Surplus – more tax revenue than government spends  Deficit – more spending than tax revenue  Money must be borrowed to make up the difference (government sells bonds)  Creates debt – money that has not been repaid over time, plus interest ...
Bolivia_en.pdf
Bolivia_en.pdf

... with the same period the previous year, on the back of an increase in hydrocarbon tax receipts, which went up by 14.3% during the period. Current expenditure expanded by 16% in nominal terms in the year to September 2011 compared with the same period in 2010. This can be attributed mainly to a 20% i ...
Fiscal Policy: Incentives and Secondary Effects
Fiscal Policy: Incentives and Secondary Effects

... disagreements about fiscal policy among modern macroeconomists ...
Jamaica_en.pdf
Jamaica_en.pdf

... The fiscal challenges were the most significant as Jamaica sought to restrain its public finances. The passing of the first IMF test in May meant that a number of fiscal targets were met. As regards fiscal operations over the period April-August 2013, expenditure and revenues were 5.3% and 3% below ...
Peru_en.pdf
Peru_en.pdf

... external crisis has a higher-than-expected impact on the Peruvian economy. The deepening of the United States financial crisis and the contagion of other markets were reflected from September in a sharp downturn of stock-market indicators, more expensive external credit (higher country risk rating) ...
Accounting for the Government`s Social Insurance Obligations
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... R. Scott Bell United States of America, Department of the Treasury Senior Staff Accountant ...
Argentina_en.pdf
Argentina_en.pdf

... The unemployment rate fell in the first part of the year; in the third quarter it was 7.2%, slightly lower than the 7.4% recorded in the first quarter. During the same period the employment rate went up by almost 1 percentage point. Thus, the employment elasticity of GDP rebounded somewhat compared ...
AoC North West CFDG meeting 10 Oct 2014 Julian Gravatt (PPT
AoC North West CFDG meeting 10 Oct 2014 Julian Gravatt (PPT

... Pensions and budgets Cost of employing a teacher to rise by 5% plus any payrise ...
A Comparison of Pension Reform in the EU – 27: What
A Comparison of Pension Reform in the EU – 27: What

... Countries are similar in many respects, but they differ when it comes to their pension design and the political making of the pensions “The Swedish reform in the late 1990s was ‘big bang’ where everything was changed, the Finns build on piecemeal reforms that gradually changed the whole system, whil ...
republic of albania
republic of albania

... reform in education system from the state budget and in cooperation with international financial organizations, and including the contribution of the private sector. The public expenses for education will cover 5% of the GDP share for the 2009 year. ...
Paraguay_en.pdf
Paraguay_en.pdf

... expected to fall back to levels more in line with the country’s long-term potential, with an expansion of the order of 4.5% forecast. ...
2. The Liberal Response to Classical Liberalism - ARipkens30-1
2. The Liberal Response to Classical Liberalism - ARipkens30-1

... He proposed a solution to this problem through the regulation of government spending, taxation, the regulation of the interest rate and production of money. In doing so, governments could regulate consumer demand, thus regulating the economy. ...
2. The Liberal Response to Classical Liberalism
2. The Liberal Response to Classical Liberalism

... He proposed a solution to this problem through the regulation of government spending, taxation, the regulation of the interest rate and production of money. In doing so, governments could regulate consumer demand, thus regulating the economy. ...
Fall 2007
Fall 2007

... Answer the questions below on the answer sheet provided, using a #2 pencil. Each question is worth 3 points; the entire exam is worth 60 points. 1)Ap Suppose total output in the US rises and active fiscal policy is unchanged. The rise in output will a) cause a rise in government consumption and inve ...
OECD/IMF/World Bank Meeting in Paris
OECD/IMF/World Bank Meeting in Paris

... Petroleum subsidies—cost around 0.3 percent global GDP in 2010 ...
Social Security a dream for most Indian Workforce
Social Security a dream for most Indian Workforce

... "Only 0.4 percent of the unorganised sector workers receive social security benefits like the Provident Fund," the report stated. ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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