Document
... must increase production in the United States. • But in a world where more products are made overseas, it is possible that fiscal stimulus will lead to increased imports, rather than to faster growth at home. – This transfer of domestic economic stimulus to foreign markets is known as overseas leaka ...
... must increase production in the United States. • But in a world where more products are made overseas, it is possible that fiscal stimulus will lead to increased imports, rather than to faster growth at home. – This transfer of domestic economic stimulus to foreign markets is known as overseas leaka ...
The Business Cycle and Interest Rates
... the OCR is likely to remain appropriate for some time.” ...
... the OCR is likely to remain appropriate for some time.” ...
Chapter 11 Fiscal Policy, Deficits, and Debt
... raise taxes in a recession or cut spending making the recession possibly worse. In an inflationary period, they may increase spending or cut taxes as their budgets head for surplus. 3. The crowding-out effect may be caused by fiscal policy. a. “Crowding-out” may occur with government deficit spendin ...
... raise taxes in a recession or cut spending making the recession possibly worse. In an inflationary period, they may increase spending or cut taxes as their budgets head for surplus. 3. The crowding-out effect may be caused by fiscal policy. a. “Crowding-out” may occur with government deficit spendin ...
Gross Domestic Product
... A variety of factors contribute to technological progress: – Innovation When new products and ideas are successfully brought to market, output goes up, boosting GDP and business profits. – Scale of the Market Larger markets provide more incentives for innovation since the potential profits are great ...
... A variety of factors contribute to technological progress: – Innovation When new products and ideas are successfully brought to market, output goes up, boosting GDP and business profits. – Scale of the Market Larger markets provide more incentives for innovation since the potential profits are great ...
The Presentation Today
... real wage is indexed at 100% instead of the entire current level being indexed at only 10% of inflation. Money targets are kept constant in real terms; the zloty floated – and thus initially devalued much less than it was; money interest rates are adjusted more frequently, rising and falling with in ...
... real wage is indexed at 100% instead of the entire current level being indexed at only 10% of inflation. Money targets are kept constant in real terms; the zloty floated – and thus initially devalued much less than it was; money interest rates are adjusted more frequently, rising and falling with in ...
Slide_5-1
... A stable balance of international payments and trade If a country has a deficit on its balance of payments with the rest of the world: ...
... A stable balance of international payments and trade If a country has a deficit on its balance of payments with the rest of the world: ...
Preview - American Economic Association
... exceeds 10 percent, or suffers a decline that lasts more than three years. Both the late nineteenth-century depression and the Great Depression of the 1930s qualify on both counts, with a fall in real GDP of around 30 percent between 1929 and 1933. Output also fell 13 percent in 1937–38. Second, it ...
... exceeds 10 percent, or suffers a decline that lasts more than three years. Both the late nineteenth-century depression and the Great Depression of the 1930s qualify on both counts, with a fall in real GDP of around 30 percent between 1929 and 1933. Output also fell 13 percent in 1937–38. Second, it ...
Feb. - Harvard Kennedy School
... • Keynesian policy (“fine tuning”) fell into disfavor in part because it was hard to get the timing right: • by the time fiscal stimulus became law, the recession would be over, ...
... • Keynesian policy (“fine tuning”) fell into disfavor in part because it was hard to get the timing right: • by the time fiscal stimulus became law, the recession would be over, ...
Fiscal Policy - Wayne State College
... Let’s see this in a graph on the next slide. Note we start with AD1, , AS1, RGDP1, and P1. Let’s assume RGDP1 is the full employment level of output. Then we have AD fall to AD2 for reasons you should recall from previous notes (this would be a good time to find those notes and think about the ideas ...
... Let’s see this in a graph on the next slide. Note we start with AD1, , AS1, RGDP1, and P1. Let’s assume RGDP1 is the full employment level of output. Then we have AD fall to AD2 for reasons you should recall from previous notes (this would be a good time to find those notes and think about the ideas ...
Lessons 1 5- BM1 - AIS-IB
... • Peak/Boom: economic activity is at its highest level. Consumer expenditure, investment, business confidence level and export earnings are at the highest. Unemployment is minimal. • Recession: Occurs when there’s a drop in the level of economic activity for half a year/two consecutive occurs. Reces ...
... • Peak/Boom: economic activity is at its highest level. Consumer expenditure, investment, business confidence level and export earnings are at the highest. Unemployment is minimal. • Recession: Occurs when there’s a drop in the level of economic activity for half a year/two consecutive occurs. Reces ...
Reserve Bank of New Zealand Analytical Notes
... The 1990-91 and 2000-01 recessions in the United States have been described by many economists, market analysts and policymakers as “jobless”, due to the extended period of unusually low (or zero) employment growth while output recovered.3 However, a recent study by Galí, Smets and Wouters (2012) in ...
... The 1990-91 and 2000-01 recessions in the United States have been described by many economists, market analysts and policymakers as “jobless”, due to the extended period of unusually low (or zero) employment growth while output recovered.3 However, a recent study by Galí, Smets and Wouters (2012) in ...
Document
... short run increase in Real GDP, but if the rise in aggregate demand is correctly anticipated, there is no change in Real GDP. • If the expansionary policy change is correctly anticipated, individuals form their expectations rationally, and wages and prices are flexible, then neither expansionary fis ...
... short run increase in Real GDP, but if the rise in aggregate demand is correctly anticipated, there is no change in Real GDP. • If the expansionary policy change is correctly anticipated, individuals form their expectations rationally, and wages and prices are flexible, then neither expansionary fis ...
Costa Rica: countercyclical fiscal policy with tight monetary policy
... downturn and higher during an upswing. Open market operations – in which the central bank buys or sells government securities in the open market in order to decrease or increase the money supply -- became the preferred and most frequently utilized means to generate changes in the relevant rate. In t ...
... downturn and higher during an upswing. Open market operations – in which the central bank buys or sells government securities in the open market in order to decrease or increase the money supply -- became the preferred and most frequently utilized means to generate changes in the relevant rate. In t ...
POTENTIAL GDP OF THE GREEK ECONOMY HELLENIC FISCAL
... filter estimates are the unusually high and persistent positive output gaps observed during the period 2001-2008. What is also similar across all estimates is that this trend was reversed with the advent of the crisis, in 2009, with the appearance of highly negative output gaps. However persistence ...
... filter estimates are the unusually high and persistent positive output gaps observed during the period 2001-2008. What is also similar across all estimates is that this trend was reversed with the advent of the crisis, in 2009, with the appearance of highly negative output gaps. However persistence ...
Costa Rica During the Global Recession: Fiscal Stimulus with Tight
... downturn and higher during an upswing. Open market operations – in which the central bank buys or sells government securities in the open market in order to decrease or increase the money supply -- became the preferred and most frequently utilized means to generate changes in the relevant rate. In t ...
... downturn and higher during an upswing. Open market operations – in which the central bank buys or sells government securities in the open market in order to decrease or increase the money supply -- became the preferred and most frequently utilized means to generate changes in the relevant rate. In t ...
Macroeconomics Chapter 13 Final PPT
... working taxpayers pay interest to wealthier groups who hold the bonds, probably increasing income inequality • Since interest is paid out of gov. revenues, a large debt and high interest rate can increase tax burdens and may decrease incentives to work and save for taxpayers • A higher proportion of ...
... working taxpayers pay interest to wealthier groups who hold the bonds, probably increasing income inequality • Since interest is paid out of gov. revenues, a large debt and high interest rate can increase tax burdens and may decrease incentives to work and save for taxpayers • A higher proportion of ...
business
... expressed as a percentage. For example the gross profit margin would be the gross profit divided by sales or revenue expressed as a percentage. Profit margins may be increased by reducing expenses even if revenues remain stagnant or even decrease. Profit margins are utilized to determine the profita ...
... expressed as a percentage. For example the gross profit margin would be the gross profit divided by sales or revenue expressed as a percentage. Profit margins may be increased by reducing expenses even if revenues remain stagnant or even decrease. Profit margins are utilized to determine the profita ...
Chapter 15 Student Study Guide
... A tool of economic management by which government can attempt to maintain a stable economy through its taxing and spending policies. economic depression A very severe and sustained economic downturn. Depressions are rare in the United States; the last one was in the 1930s. economic recession A moder ...
... A tool of economic management by which government can attempt to maintain a stable economy through its taxing and spending policies. economic depression A very severe and sustained economic downturn. Depressions are rare in the United States; the last one was in the 1930s. economic recession A moder ...
File - Kevin Y. Shih
... • Talk to professor(s)!! Go to their websites to see what research they do! • Grad school/job recommendation letters!! ...
... • Talk to professor(s)!! Go to their websites to see what research they do! • Grad school/job recommendation letters!! ...
Slide 1
... • If the FOMC decides to lower the target rate to avoid a recession, the New York Federal Reserve Bank lowers the actual federal funds interest rate by purchasing US Treasury bonds, notes, and bills from banks. • Conversely, If the FOMC decides to raise the target rate to avoid rising inflation, the ...
... • If the FOMC decides to lower the target rate to avoid a recession, the New York Federal Reserve Bank lowers the actual federal funds interest rate by purchasing US Treasury bonds, notes, and bills from banks. • Conversely, If the FOMC decides to raise the target rate to avoid rising inflation, the ...
AP Macroeconomics
... AP® Macroeconomics course is designed as an initial college-level course in macroeconomics and as foundation for possible future study in economics or business. The course emphasizes economic principles as applied to the economy as a whole. Lessons include an analysis of national income and its comp ...
... AP® Macroeconomics course is designed as an initial college-level course in macroeconomics and as foundation for possible future study in economics or business. The course emphasizes economic principles as applied to the economy as a whole. Lessons include an analysis of national income and its comp ...
Slide 1
... There are 2 routes to long-run full-employment equilibrium: • Wait for both lower wages and resource prices to reduce costs (increasing supply to SRAS2). ...
... There are 2 routes to long-run full-employment equilibrium: • Wait for both lower wages and resource prices to reduce costs (increasing supply to SRAS2). ...
Chapter 23
... • *Supplemental Security Income (SSI)- gives payments to blind or disabled people and to people age 65 and older. • *Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)- is another direct cash program that makes payments to families who need help b/c a parent is dead, disabled, or absent. • -The number of ...
... • *Supplemental Security Income (SSI)- gives payments to blind or disabled people and to people age 65 and older. • *Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)- is another direct cash program that makes payments to families who need help b/c a parent is dead, disabled, or absent. • -The number of ...
Eco120Int_Lecture11
... Long-run in the AD-AS model • So far, all the macroeconomics we have done is short-run. • In terms of a story, we have: – A beginning where the economy starts off in long-run equilibrium at the natural rate of output and some price level; and – A middle where some shock occurs and the economy is af ...
... Long-run in the AD-AS model • So far, all the macroeconomics we have done is short-run. • In terms of a story, we have: – A beginning where the economy starts off in long-run equilibrium at the natural rate of output and some price level; and – A middle where some shock occurs and the economy is af ...
CEP US Election Analysis No. 1
... the end of 2012.8 The combination of these two factors is known as the ‘fiscal cliff’ (see Table 2), which will mean that taxes rise by about 2.7% of GDP and spending falls by almost 1%. This fiscal contraction of close to 3.7% in 2013 relative to current plans would almost certainly plunge the US i ...
... the end of 2012.8 The combination of these two factors is known as the ‘fiscal cliff’ (see Table 2), which will mean that taxes rise by about 2.7% of GDP and spending falls by almost 1%. This fiscal contraction of close to 3.7% in 2013 relative to current plans would almost certainly plunge the US i ...