High-accuracy maximum power point estimation for photovoltaic
... efficiency. These functions are usually implemented or controlled by the circuits. Almost all such circuits act as interfaces between the PV generators and the loads or energy accumulators, in most cases operating in off-line mode. Due to the complexity of the mathematical operations involved in the ...
... efficiency. These functions are usually implemented or controlled by the circuits. Almost all such circuits act as interfaces between the PV generators and the loads or energy accumulators, in most cases operating in off-line mode. Due to the complexity of the mathematical operations involved in the ...
sealed lead-acid batteries
... energy available from a fully charged cell or cells. Its value depends on the discharge current, the temperature during discharge, the final (cut-off) voltage and the general history of the battery. ...
... energy available from a fully charged cell or cells. Its value depends on the discharge current, the temperature during discharge, the final (cut-off) voltage and the general history of the battery. ...
eConnect MasterFormat Specs
... The PDU shall include two serial PDU Linking ports that allow multiple PDUs to be connected in a continuous chain of up to 32 PDUs for IP consolidation. All linked PDUs shall be remotely accessable though a single, primary Ethernet connection on one of the linked PDUs using either a third-party soft ...
... The PDU shall include two serial PDU Linking ports that allow multiple PDUs to be connected in a continuous chain of up to 32 PDUs for IP consolidation. All linked PDUs shall be remotely accessable though a single, primary Ethernet connection on one of the linked PDUs using either a third-party soft ...
O A RIGINAL RTICLES
... In general lighting applications, a compact AC/DC converter should be used in one lighting fixture to supply DC current to LED chips which introduce nonlinearity to the system. As a nonlinear load, LED bulbs produce highly distorted currents (Cuk et al., 2010). Although the input power of a single L ...
... In general lighting applications, a compact AC/DC converter should be used in one lighting fixture to supply DC current to LED chips which introduce nonlinearity to the system. As a nonlinear load, LED bulbs produce highly distorted currents (Cuk et al., 2010). Although the input power of a single L ...
Release 1.0 – September 2006
... Radio works because of electricity, so to understand radio, you have to know a little bit about electricity. In this group, we’ll get some of the basics of electricity out of the way. There are three units we will study related to electricity in this group – voltage, current, and power. By the time ...
... Radio works because of electricity, so to understand radio, you have to know a little bit about electricity. In this group, we’ll get some of the basics of electricity out of the way. There are three units we will study related to electricity in this group – voltage, current, and power. By the time ...
Application Notes
... The response time of a photodiode is defined as the time it takes for light generated carriers within the body of the diode to arrive at and cross the P-N junction. When the diode is illuminated, photons of light penetrate into the silicon and are absorbed generating electron-hole pairs. The average ...
... The response time of a photodiode is defined as the time it takes for light generated carriers within the body of the diode to arrive at and cross the P-N junction. When the diode is illuminated, photons of light penetrate into the silicon and are absorbed generating electron-hole pairs. The average ...
Fig 3.2 Typical Hardwire Installation
... based DC to AC power inverter utilizing IGBT technology. It integrates a fully automatic 3rate battery charger, a solid-state transfer system, control circuitry, self testing and recording digital meter display, and maintenance free sealed lead calcium type batteries. The system components are caref ...
... based DC to AC power inverter utilizing IGBT technology. It integrates a fully automatic 3rate battery charger, a solid-state transfer system, control circuitry, self testing and recording digital meter display, and maintenance free sealed lead calcium type batteries. The system components are caref ...
C Load - Keysight
... Low-frequency/DC Model: Simplifies to a 9-MΩ resistor in series with the scope’s 1-MΩ input termination. Probe Attenuation Factor: Some scopes such as Agilent’s 3000 X-Series automatically detect 10:1 probes and adjust all vertical settings and voltage measurements relative to the probe tip. Som ...
... Low-frequency/DC Model: Simplifies to a 9-MΩ resistor in series with the scope’s 1-MΩ input termination. Probe Attenuation Factor: Some scopes such as Agilent’s 3000 X-Series automatically detect 10:1 probes and adjust all vertical settings and voltage measurements relative to the probe tip. Som ...
Unit 38 AC Installation
... • Identify different types of duct system installation • Describe the processes used to install various duct systems • Describe the basic installation of package air conditioning systems • Describe the basic installation of split-type air conditioning systems • Describe correct refrigerant piping pr ...
... • Identify different types of duct system installation • Describe the processes used to install various duct systems • Describe the basic installation of package air conditioning systems • Describe the basic installation of split-type air conditioning systems • Describe correct refrigerant piping pr ...
Understanding the Differences Between Bonding, Grounding, and
... Bonding/grounding vs. earthing. Isolated connections to earth are not required for sensitive machine operation. Issues crop up when equipment bonding! grounding and earthing are confused. In the United States, the term "grounding" is used to refer to at least five or more grounding-related systems,i ...
... Bonding/grounding vs. earthing. Isolated connections to earth are not required for sensitive machine operation. Issues crop up when equipment bonding! grounding and earthing are confused. In the United States, the term "grounding" is used to refer to at least five or more grounding-related systems,i ...
FAN3988 USB/Charger and Over-Voltage Detection Device FAN 39
... The FAN3988 sets the FLAG1 pin to logic HIGH or LOW as an indicator to the system controller that a standard USB device or a charger is connected to the USB port. The FAN3988 also monitors the VBUS for over- or under-voltage conditions. The FLAG2 pin is set LOW if VBUS is less than 3.3 V or greater ...
... The FAN3988 sets the FLAG1 pin to logic HIGH or LOW as an indicator to the system controller that a standard USB device or a charger is connected to the USB port. The FAN3988 also monitors the VBUS for over- or under-voltage conditions. The FLAG2 pin is set LOW if VBUS is less than 3.3 V or greater ...
Digital dimmable ballasts for fluorescent lamps ECO
... the luminaires in production. According to IEC 60598-1 Annex Q (informative only!) or ENEC 303-Annex A, each luminaire should be submitted to an isolation test with 500 V DC for 1 second. This test voltage should be connected between the interconnected phase and neutral terminals and the earth termi ...
... the luminaires in production. According to IEC 60598-1 Annex Q (informative only!) or ENEC 303-Annex A, each luminaire should be submitted to an isolation test with 500 V DC for 1 second. This test voltage should be connected between the interconnected phase and neutral terminals and the earth termi ...
AN11127 - NXP Semiconductors
... There are many I/O standards that have different voltage level requirements for the input voltage (VIH or VIL) and output voltage (VOH or VOL) typically based on the device operating voltage. The different technologies available in circuit design determine the input voltage threshold and output volt ...
... There are many I/O standards that have different voltage level requirements for the input voltage (VIH or VIL) and output voltage (VOH or VOL) typically based on the device operating voltage. The different technologies available in circuit design determine the input voltage threshold and output volt ...
C:\Users\roland\Documents\WTT2013\WTT-LED
... No lower than 3 mm from the base of the epoxy bulb. d. Do not apply any stress to the lead particularly when heated. The LEDs must not be repositioned after soldering. After soldering the LEDs, the epoxy bulb should be protected from mechanical shock or vibration until the LEDs return to room temper ...
... No lower than 3 mm from the base of the epoxy bulb. d. Do not apply any stress to the lead particularly when heated. The LEDs must not be repositioned after soldering. After soldering the LEDs, the epoxy bulb should be protected from mechanical shock or vibration until the LEDs return to room temper ...
NBSG11 2.5V/3.3V SiGe 1:2 Differential Clock Driver with RSECL* Outputs
... 22. Measured using a 500 mV source, 50% duty cycle clock source. All loading with 50 W to VCC − 1.5 V for BGA package. For minimum fmax value of 10.709 GHz, output amplitude is approximately 200 mV (as shown in Figure 4, where output P−P spec is shown as a minimum/guarantee of around 150 mV). Input ...
... 22. Measured using a 500 mV source, 50% duty cycle clock source. All loading with 50 W to VCC − 1.5 V for BGA package. For minimum fmax value of 10.709 GHz, output amplitude is approximately 200 mV (as shown in Figure 4, where output P−P spec is shown as a minimum/guarantee of around 150 mV). Input ...
as a PDF
... breakdown between the electrodes. In many applications, however, the drive electronics provide a tighter constraint on the voltage available for actuation. The actuator must provide some specified deflection range, often while maintaining a minimum actuator speed or resonant frequency. In many cases, ...
... breakdown between the electrodes. In many applications, however, the drive electronics provide a tighter constraint on the voltage available for actuation. The actuator must provide some specified deflection range, often while maintaining a minimum actuator speed or resonant frequency. In many cases, ...
Decoupling Capacitor with Low Inductance for High
... incorporated in wiring circuit layer in circuit board, (b) interposer type capacitor placed between LSI and circuit board, and (c) discrete type capacitor mounted on circuit board. ...
... incorporated in wiring circuit layer in circuit board, (b) interposer type capacitor placed between LSI and circuit board, and (c) discrete type capacitor mounted on circuit board. ...
smartwalker - Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
... In recent years, we have witnessed the explosive growth in technology around the globe. New devices and ideas are being generated robustly along with the technology. As a group of electrical engineering students, we have learned that the engineering profession plays a very important role in the medi ...
... In recent years, we have witnessed the explosive growth in technology around the globe. New devices and ideas are being generated robustly along with the technology. As a group of electrical engineering students, we have learned that the engineering profession plays a very important role in the medi ...
Liebert PSI 120V User Manual
... CONDITIONS OF USE—The input supply outlet must be within 6 ft. (1.8m) of the UPS and be easily accessed. This UPS provides conditioned power to connected equipment. It is not intended for use with life-support and other designated “critical” devices. Maximum load must not exceed that shown on the U ...
... CONDITIONS OF USE—The input supply outlet must be within 6 ft. (1.8m) of the UPS and be easily accessed. This UPS provides conditioned power to connected equipment. It is not intended for use with life-support and other designated “critical” devices. Maximum load must not exceed that shown on the U ...
T3V3S5 / T5V0S5 / T6V0S5 / T12S5 Features Mechanical Data
... Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any c ...
... Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any c ...
ZXTN04120HK Features Mechanical Data
... Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any c ...
... Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any c ...
High Speed Layout Design Guidelines This application note
... place the capacitor immediately after the pin that provides the VCC signal to the device(s). (Capacitors not only filter low-frequency noise from the power supply, but also supply extra current when many outputs switch simultaneously in a circuit.) To filter power supply noise, use a non-resonant, s ...
... place the capacitor immediately after the pin that provides the VCC signal to the device(s). (Capacitors not only filter low-frequency noise from the power supply, but also supply extra current when many outputs switch simultaneously in a circuit.) To filter power supply noise, use a non-resonant, s ...
Switched-mode power supply
A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains power, to a load, such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switched-mode power supply dissipates no power. Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time. In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. This higher power conversion efficiency is an important advantage of a switched-mode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.Switching regulators are used as replacements for linear regulators when higher efficiency, smaller size or lighter weight are required. They are, however, more complicated; their switching currents can cause electrical noise problems if not carefully suppressed, and simple designs may have a poor power factor.