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6.13 An improved tip etch procedure for reproducible sharp STM tips
6.13 An improved tip etch procedure for reproducible sharp STM tips

... parator switches and a transistor begins to shunt the current away from the load. It is important to set VREF close to the drop-off voltage. Setting VREF too high will result in a premature shut-off of the circuit while setting it too low the circuit will not switch after the drop-off, and the etch ...
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Stochastic Analysis of the Effect of Using Harmonic Generators in
Stochastic Analysis of the Effect of Using Harmonic Generators in

... Power Factor is caused by the input rectifying capacitor of the ballast circuit. The capacitive characteristic of CFL is an advantage in systems with a high inductive load. 4.2 Power substation equipment This section studies the effect electronic devices on the substation equipments, which provide t ...
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singhper1997 - EPrints@IIT Delhi

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STPM01 programmable, single-phase energy

... which is 110% of the maximum current at which the varistor voltage does not change. If the peak pulse current rating is insufficient, then the varistor may be damaged. The main voltage is 220V RMS, and sometimes the maximum will reach 265VRMS.Thus, an MOKS K10*300V varistor is chosen for this applic ...
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passive techniques for reducing input current

... next step is to establish the short circuit ratio. Short circuit ratio calculations are key in establishing the allowable current harmonic distortion levels. For calculating the short circuit ratio, a determination of the available short circuit current at the input terminals of the non-linear load ...
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Switched-mode power supply



A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains power, to a load, such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switched-mode power supply dissipates no power. Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time. In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the pass transistor. This higher power conversion efficiency is an important advantage of a switched-mode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.Switching regulators are used as replacements for linear regulators when higher efficiency, smaller size or lighter weight are required. They are, however, more complicated; their switching currents can cause electrical noise problems if not carefully suppressed, and simple designs may have a poor power factor.
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