6th Grade Honors Final Exam Review 2013
... Softest know mineral – talc Streak – is observed to identify a mineral when rubbed against an unglazed tile Mineral – always a solid because it has a definite shape and volume ...
... Softest know mineral – talc Streak – is observed to identify a mineral when rubbed against an unglazed tile Mineral – always a solid because it has a definite shape and volume ...
Introduction to volcano characteristics and activity
... 2) These boundaries are often associated with more explosive volcanism and a wider range of volcanic products. 3) The subducting oceanic plate undergoes an increase in heat and pressure thereby causing its upper layer to melt. 4) This created magmatic material starts meets the overlying crust (eithe ...
... 2) These boundaries are often associated with more explosive volcanism and a wider range of volcanic products. 3) The subducting oceanic plate undergoes an increase in heat and pressure thereby causing its upper layer to melt. 4) This created magmatic material starts meets the overlying crust (eithe ...
Do All VolCAnoES ERupT In THE SAmE WAy?
... continued to erupt for the next six weeks, may flow a long way, but these volcanoes making it difficult to rescue the survivors. rarely explode violently. The eruption is estimated to have killed more than 3000 people. • Lava dome volcanoes can produce violent explosions, but the lava rarely flows ...
... continued to erupt for the next six weeks, may flow a long way, but these volcanoes making it difficult to rescue the survivors. rarely explode violently. The eruption is estimated to have killed more than 3000 people. • Lava dome volcanoes can produce violent explosions, but the lava rarely flows ...
Study Guide with pictures
... Scientists learn about dinosaurs from their fossils. A fossil is what is left of an animal or plant that lived long ago. Fossils can be footprints in rock, shells, teeth or bones that have turned to rock. ...
... Scientists learn about dinosaurs from their fossils. A fossil is what is left of an animal or plant that lived long ago. Fossils can be footprints in rock, shells, teeth or bones that have turned to rock. ...
Nature and Products of Volcanic Eruptions
... Lava Flows • Basaltic lavas are much more fluid • Types of basaltic flows – Pahoehoe lava (resembles a twisted or ropey texture) – Aa lava (rough, jagged blocky texture) ...
... Lava Flows • Basaltic lavas are much more fluid • Types of basaltic flows – Pahoehoe lava (resembles a twisted or ropey texture) – Aa lava (rough, jagged blocky texture) ...
Icelandic Geology - Fuchs Foundation: Inspiring teachers
... Your mission is … -To put the pictures and captions you’ve been given onto the map where you think they go. -Write a paragraph explaining how Iceland was formed. -If you can (this bit is hard!), write down what you think Iceland will be like in 1 million years. ...
... Your mission is … -To put the pictures and captions you’ve been given onto the map where you think they go. -Write a paragraph explaining how Iceland was formed. -If you can (this bit is hard!), write down what you think Iceland will be like in 1 million years. ...
EXTRUSIVE VOLCANIC LANDFORMS inc.Mont
... temperatures, viscosities can be relatively low, although still thousands of times more viscous than water. The low degree of polymerization and high temperature favours chemical diffusion, so it is common to see large, well-formed phenocrysts within mafic lavas. Basalt lavas tend to produce low-pro ...
... temperatures, viscosities can be relatively low, although still thousands of times more viscous than water. The low degree of polymerization and high temperature favours chemical diffusion, so it is common to see large, well-formed phenocrysts within mafic lavas. Basalt lavas tend to produce low-pro ...
GEOLOGY 1313 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES
... collapses & partially empties into huge ash columns; forms deep depressions-“negative volcanoes” Peleean - (nuée ardente-pyroclastic flows) (rhyolite-andesite) glowing avalanches, limited airfall. Pyroclastic Rock-(Greek: fire-broken) A clastic rock or deposit formed by volcanic ejection from a vent ...
... collapses & partially empties into huge ash columns; forms deep depressions-“negative volcanoes” Peleean - (nuée ardente-pyroclastic flows) (rhyolite-andesite) glowing avalanches, limited airfall. Pyroclastic Rock-(Greek: fire-broken) A clastic rock or deposit formed by volcanic ejection from a vent ...
L02-Rocks and minerals 1
... • Volcanic: – Lavas erupt from volcanoes either as molten fluids, or are blown out as volcanic ash by violent explosions – Black volcanoes (effusive, mostly basaltic) – Red volcanoes (explosive, mostly felsic) This classification is based on composition. Formation of phenocrysts on cooling increases ...
... • Volcanic: – Lavas erupt from volcanoes either as molten fluids, or are blown out as volcanic ash by violent explosions – Black volcanoes (effusive, mostly basaltic) – Red volcanoes (explosive, mostly felsic) This classification is based on composition. Formation of phenocrysts on cooling increases ...
Types of Volcanoes
... dark gray in color, and occasionally red or brown. Obsidian that is green is rare, but does exist. When lava cools so quickly that it does not have time to crystallize, obsidian is formed. ...
... dark gray in color, and occasionally red or brown. Obsidian that is green is rare, but does exist. When lava cools so quickly that it does not have time to crystallize, obsidian is formed. ...
why live enar a volcano
... • Most volcanoes are perfectly safe for long periods in between eruptions, and those that do erupt more frequently are usually thought of, by the people who live there, as being predictable. • Today, about 500 million people live on or close to volcanoes. • We even have major cities close to active ...
... • Most volcanoes are perfectly safe for long periods in between eruptions, and those that do erupt more frequently are usually thought of, by the people who live there, as being predictable. • Today, about 500 million people live on or close to volcanoes. • We even have major cities close to active ...
Volcanic Fatalities
... • Earthquake activity is measured by Seismographs – Seismographs are stationed on the flanks of the volcano – These record the frequency, duration and intensity of the earthquakes and report it back to the volcano ...
... • Earthquake activity is measured by Seismographs – Seismographs are stationed on the flanks of the volcano – These record the frequency, duration and intensity of the earthquakes and report it back to the volcano ...
UNDERSTANDING VOLCANOS
... Opening at the summit of a volcano –Crater - summit depression < 1 km diameter –Caldera - summit depression > 1 km diameter produced by collapse following a massive eruption Vent – surface opening connected to the magma chamber Fumarole – emit only gases and smoke ...
... Opening at the summit of a volcano –Crater - summit depression < 1 km diameter –Caldera - summit depression > 1 km diameter produced by collapse following a massive eruption Vent – surface opening connected to the magma chamber Fumarole – emit only gases and smoke ...
VOLCANOES!!!
... Vent = an opening in a volcano where magma flows out through. Crater = the steep-walled depression around a volcano’s vent ...
... Vent = an opening in a volcano where magma flows out through. Crater = the steep-walled depression around a volcano’s vent ...
VOLCANIC HAZARDS: INTRODUCTION
... 1902 Mount Pelee, Martinique,West Indies - 29 000 Saint Pierre - only 2 survivors Hazard impact depends on population density Volcano flanks attract high density - fertile soil Level of economic development and time of day may also be important ...
... 1902 Mount Pelee, Martinique,West Indies - 29 000 Saint Pierre - only 2 survivors Hazard impact depends on population density Volcano flanks attract high density - fertile soil Level of economic development and time of day may also be important ...
volcanism - Edgartown School
... What about volcanoes that are not near plate boundaries, like the Hawaiian Islands? These are called “hotspots”. ...
... What about volcanoes that are not near plate boundaries, like the Hawaiian Islands? These are called “hotspots”. ...
Geo Fun - Latitude Festival
... 1. Name some other stratovolcanoes and their locations around the world. 2. On the paper model, a small town has been built at the foot of the volcano. This is a common situation around the world. What are some of the problems or hazards the townspeople might have to face living so close to a volcan ...
... 1. Name some other stratovolcanoes and their locations around the world. 2. On the paper model, a small town has been built at the foot of the volcano. This is a common situation around the world. What are some of the problems or hazards the townspeople might have to face living so close to a volcan ...
Volcanic Eruptions - Crestwood Local Schools
... occur due to high pressure in the rock, once it rises to the surface and turns gaseous (think about shaking a can of soda) - if the silica content is high, an explosive eruption is likely to occur due to high pressure in the vents caused by built-up, hardened magma ...
... occur due to high pressure in the rock, once it rises to the surface and turns gaseous (think about shaking a can of soda) - if the silica content is high, an explosive eruption is likely to occur due to high pressure in the vents caused by built-up, hardened magma ...
Volcano tourism
... when they saw the pictures on the TV in their living-room. Police think that more than 25,000 onlookers have visited Eyjafjallajökull in the weeks after the eruption. Special tours were offered and tour guides, often geologists and volcano experts, led the tourists to the best viewing places and gav ...
... when they saw the pictures on the TV in their living-room. Police think that more than 25,000 onlookers have visited Eyjafjallajökull in the weeks after the eruption. Special tours were offered and tour guides, often geologists and volcano experts, led the tourists to the best viewing places and gav ...
Volcanology of Mars
Volcanic activity, or volcanism, has played a significant role in the geologic evolution of Mars. Scientists have known since the Mariner 9 mission in 1972 that volcanic features cover large portions of the Martian surface. These features include extensive lava flows, vast lava plains, and the largest known volcanoes in the Solar System. Martian volcanic features range in age from Noachian (>3.7 billion years) to late Amazonian (< 500 million years), indicating that the planet has been volcanically active throughout its history, and some speculate it probably still is so today. Both Earth and Mars are large, differentiated planets built from similar chondritic materials. Many of the same magmatic processes that occur on Earth also occurred on Mars, and both planets are similar enough compositionally that the same names can be applied to their igneous rocks and minerals.Volcanism is a process in which magma from a planet’s interior rises through the crust and erupts on the surface. The erupted materials consist of molten rock (lava), hot fragmental debris (tephra or ash), and gases. Volcanism is a principal way that planets release their internal heat. Volcanic eruptions produce distinctive landforms, rock types, and terrains that provide a window on the chemical composition, thermal state, and history of a planet's interior.Magma is a complex, high-temperature mixture of molten silicates, suspended crystals, and dissolved gases. Magma on Mars likely ascends in a similar manner to that on Earth. It rises through the lower crust in diapiric bodies that are less dense than the surrounding material. As the magma rises, it eventually reaches regions of lower density. When the magma density matches that of the host rock, buoyancy is neutralized and the magma body stalls. At this point, it may form a magma chamber and spread out laterally into a network of dikes and sills. Subsequently, the magma may cool and solidify to form intrusive igneous bodies (plutons). Geologists estimate that about 80% of the magma generated on Earth stalls in the crust and never reaches the surface.As magma rises and cools, it undergoes many complex and dynamic compositional changes. Heavier minerals may crystallize and settle to the bottom of the magma chamber. The magma may also assimilate portions of host rock or mix with other batches of magma. These processes alter the composition of the remaining melt, so that any magma reaching the surface may be chemically quite different from its parent melt. Magmas that have been so altered are said to be ""evolved"" to distinguish them from ""primitive"" magmas that more closely resemble the composition of their mantle source. (See igneous differentiation and fractional crystallization.) More highly evolved magmas are usually felsic, that is enriched in silica, volatiles, and other light elements compared to iron- and magnesium-rich (mafic) primitive magmas. The degree and extent to which magmas evolve over time is an indication of a planet's level of internal heat and tectonic activity. The Earth's continental crust is made up of evolved granitic rocks that developed through many episodes of magmatic reprocessing. Evolved igneous rocks are much less common on cold, dead bodies such as the Moon. Mars, being intermediate in size between the Earth and the Moon, is thought to be intermediate in its level of magmatic activity.At shallower depths in the crust, the lithostatic pressure on the magma body decreases. The reduced pressure can cause gases (volatiles), such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, to exsolve from the melt into a froth of gas bubbles. The nucleation of bubbles causes a rapid expansion and cooling of the surrounding melt, producing glassy shards that may erupt explosively as tephra (also called pyroclastics). Fine-grained tephra is commonly referred to as volcanic ash. Whether a volcano erupts explosively or effusively as fluid lava depends on the composition of the melt. Felsic magmas of andesitic and rhyolitic composition tend to erupt explosively. They are very viscous (thick and sticky) and rich in dissolved gases. Mafic magmas, on the other hand, are low in volatiles and commonly erupt effusively as basaltic lava flows. However, these are only generalizations. For example, magma that comes into sudden contact with groundwater or surface water may erupt violently in steam explosions called hydromagmatic (phreatomagmatic or phreatic) eruptions. Also, erupting magmas may behave differently on planets with different interior compositions, atmospheres, and gravity fields.