(FTA): Impacts on policy and decision making
... innovative & less risky choices, regional actors more confident in investment decisions. o Allocate own public funds for RTDI-related or – relevant activities (S&T, HE, other policy fields) o Leverage RTDI investments from and in private sector o Attract resources from national and EU (Regional ...
... innovative & less risky choices, regional actors more confident in investment decisions. o Allocate own public funds for RTDI-related or – relevant activities (S&T, HE, other policy fields) o Leverage RTDI investments from and in private sector o Attract resources from national and EU (Regional ...
Peter Nedergaard: The Influence of Ordoliberalism in European
... In the sparse literature on ordoliberalism and its possible influence on European integration processes we see few attempts to gain a deeper understanding of what kind of economic philosophy ordoliberalism actually is. In this section I remedy this flaw and I compare ordoliberalism with laissez-fair ...
... In the sparse literature on ordoliberalism and its possible influence on European integration processes we see few attempts to gain a deeper understanding of what kind of economic philosophy ordoliberalism actually is. In this section I remedy this flaw and I compare ordoliberalism with laissez-fair ...
Crowding Out and Its Critics
... has oftentimes involved complex and subtle arguments, an overview is provided as a guide to the reader, ...
... has oftentimes involved complex and subtle arguments, an overview is provided as a guide to the reader, ...
Chapter 2 - Test Bank 1
... Lessons of the Article: Technological advances are constantly creating new methods of payment. While their adoption depends on many things, one thing is for certain: someone will always be searching for easier and cheaper ways for us to pay for things. And as the payments system evolves, so will the ...
... Lessons of the Article: Technological advances are constantly creating new methods of payment. While their adoption depends on many things, one thing is for certain: someone will always be searching for easier and cheaper ways for us to pay for things. And as the payments system evolves, so will the ...
AP Government and Politics - United States: Monetry and
... Some programs are automatic, such as unemployment, while others are ad hoc. The same points can be made on the revenue side. The opposite types of activities can be utilized to slow economic expansion during periods of inflation. ...
... Some programs are automatic, such as unemployment, while others are ad hoc. The same points can be made on the revenue side. The opposite types of activities can be utilized to slow economic expansion during periods of inflation. ...
Ch 33 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
... their demand for goods and services at any given price level. The aggregate demand curve shifts right. Shifts Arising from Changes in Investment If firms become more optimistic about future business co ...
... their demand for goods and services at any given price level. The aggregate demand curve shifts right. Shifts Arising from Changes in Investment If firms become more optimistic about future business co ...
Inflation, Debt, and Default
... also suggests a new channel through which monetary policy may have been a determinant of the secular decline in real interest rates. Notice, though, that the same logic that makes nominal debt more attractive to lenders when inflation is procyclical, also suggests that nominal debt is less attractiv ...
... also suggests a new channel through which monetary policy may have been a determinant of the secular decline in real interest rates. Notice, though, that the same logic that makes nominal debt more attractive to lenders when inflation is procyclical, also suggests that nominal debt is less attractiv ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE REAL EFFECTS
... no convenient way to do so); wage and salary contracts are indexed; the exchange rate is freely flexible; tax brackets, fines, and other payments fixed by law are indexed; real rather than nominal returns on assets are taxed; there are no nominal interest rate ceilings; and so on. ...
... no convenient way to do so); wage and salary contracts are indexed; the exchange rate is freely flexible; tax brackets, fines, and other payments fixed by law are indexed; real rather than nominal returns on assets are taxed; there are no nominal interest rate ceilings; and so on. ...
Fiscal Stimulus and Potential Inflationary Risks
... Abstract: The fiscal response in India to deal with the contagion from the global crisis during 2008-10 was driven by the need to arrest a major slowdown in economic growth. Given the usual inflexibility of fiscal deficit once it reaches a high level, as has been experienced by India in the past, th ...
... Abstract: The fiscal response in India to deal with the contagion from the global crisis during 2008-10 was driven by the need to arrest a major slowdown in economic growth. Given the usual inflexibility of fiscal deficit once it reaches a high level, as has been experienced by India in the past, th ...
this PDF file - IUG Journal of Humanities and Social
... of the Ghanaian macro economy has been its high and often variable rates of inflation. High and variable inflation is typically seen as a symptom or indicator of macroeconomic instability. This paper investigates the effect of inflation on the activity of banks, using secondary data from Ghana cover ...
... of the Ghanaian macro economy has been its high and often variable rates of inflation. High and variable inflation is typically seen as a symptom or indicator of macroeconomic instability. This paper investigates the effect of inflation on the activity of banks, using secondary data from Ghana cover ...
CWPE1405 - Faculty of Economics
... Theoretical studies on fiscal policy have almost reached an equally wide range of conclusions. Within the standard flexible-price neoclassical framework, a rise in government spending reduces private wealth and stimulates labor supply. Real wages fall in response to clear the labor market, but the n ...
... Theoretical studies on fiscal policy have almost reached an equally wide range of conclusions. Within the standard flexible-price neoclassical framework, a rise in government spending reduces private wealth and stimulates labor supply. Real wages fall in response to clear the labor market, but the n ...
(AS) Curve
... FIGURE 27.3 The Effect of an Interest Rate Increase on Planned Aggregate Expenditure and ...
... FIGURE 27.3 The Effect of an Interest Rate Increase on Planned Aggregate Expenditure and ...
ESSAYS ON FINANCIAL REFORMS AND MONETARY POLICY IN MALAWI A Thesis
... appeared to be associated with depreciations of the exchange rate rather than the expected real appreciation. There is also evidence of limited impact of a positive aid shock on depreciation and inflation when RBM targets monetary aggregates compared to when the authorities use the Taylor rule and i ...
... appeared to be associated with depreciations of the exchange rate rather than the expected real appreciation. There is also evidence of limited impact of a positive aid shock on depreciation and inflation when RBM targets monetary aggregates compared to when the authorities use the Taylor rule and i ...
Chapter 1: Introduction
... Y means that the equilibrium nominal interest rate varies whenever real GDP Y varies. At each possible level of total income Y, there is a different curve showing money demand as a function of the nominal interest rate, as Figure 11.2 shows. With a fixed money supply, each of these money demand curv ...
... Y means that the equilibrium nominal interest rate varies whenever real GDP Y varies. At each possible level of total income Y, there is a different curve showing money demand as a function of the nominal interest rate, as Figure 11.2 shows. With a fixed money supply, each of these money demand curv ...
Which of the following would cause the production possibilities
... because the world supply of dollars will rise b. Tend to cause the dollar to appreciate because the world demand for dollars will rise c. Have no effect on the exchange rate for the dollar because exports will also increase d. Tend to cause the dollar to depreciate because the world supply of dollar ...
... because the world supply of dollars will rise b. Tend to cause the dollar to appreciate because the world demand for dollars will rise c. Have no effect on the exchange rate for the dollar because exports will also increase d. Tend to cause the dollar to depreciate because the world supply of dollar ...
The Effects of Quantitative Easing in the United States: Implications
... investment.7 Specifically, when the Fed makes asset purchases, it artificially boosts demand for the respective security and thus drives prices up and yields down. As rates fall, businesses can finance new capital investments more cheaply, which results in more investment, increased economic activit ...
... investment.7 Specifically, when the Fed makes asset purchases, it artificially boosts demand for the respective security and thus drives prices up and yields down. As rates fall, businesses can finance new capital investments more cheaply, which results in more investment, increased economic activit ...
Walentin 2013
... The role of housing in the macroeconomy has been discussed extensively in both policy and academic circles in recent years. The aim of this paper is to achieve a quantitative understanding of the role that housing and, in particular, housing collateral plays in the monetary transmission mechanism. W ...
... The role of housing in the macroeconomy has been discussed extensively in both policy and academic circles in recent years. The aim of this paper is to achieve a quantitative understanding of the role that housing and, in particular, housing collateral plays in the monetary transmission mechanism. W ...
How Does the Economy Shape Policy
... The American public’s appetite for an activist government varies over time, and that variation is both substantial and systematic. We saw it in calls to shrink government across the board and cut taxes in the early 1980s, and to invest in the future by funding education and overhauling health care f ...
... The American public’s appetite for an activist government varies over time, and that variation is both substantial and systematic. We saw it in calls to shrink government across the board and cut taxes in the early 1980s, and to invest in the future by funding education and overhauling health care f ...
WAS THE FED A GOOD IDEA? Charles I. Plosser Jerry L. Jordan
... United States would continue to define the dollar in terms of gold, and that the operation of the international gold standard would ensure long-run price stability. It was widely accepted that “the highest moral, intellectual, and material development of nations is promoted by the use of money uncha ...
... United States would continue to define the dollar in terms of gold, and that the operation of the international gold standard would ensure long-run price stability. It was widely accepted that “the highest moral, intellectual, and material development of nations is promoted by the use of money uncha ...
Monetary policy
Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.Further goals of a monetary policy are usually to contribute to economic growth and stability, to lower unemployment, and to maintain predictable exchange rates with other currencies.Monetary economics provides insight into how to craft optimal monetary policy.Monetary policy is referred to as either being expansionary or contractionary, where an expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy more rapidly than usual, and contractionary policy expands the money supply more slowly than usual or even shrinks it. Expansionary policy is traditionally used to try to combat unemployment in a recession by lowering interest rates in the hope that easy credit will entice businesses into expanding. Contractionary policy is intended to slow inflation in order to avoid the resulting distortions and deterioration of asset values.Monetary policy differs from fiscal policy, which refers to taxation, government spending, and associated borrowing.