一、選擇題︰一題1 分
... (A)rise, keep constant, lowering (B)rise, raise, lowering (C)fall, keep constant, raising (D)fall, raise, lowering【100 銘傳經研所】 31.The crowding-out effect suggests that (A)expansionary fiscal policy causes inflation. (B)restrictive fiscal policy is an effective weapon against inflation. (C)reduction i ...
... (A)rise, keep constant, lowering (B)rise, raise, lowering (C)fall, keep constant, raising (D)fall, raise, lowering【100 銘傳經研所】 31.The crowding-out effect suggests that (A)expansionary fiscal policy causes inflation. (B)restrictive fiscal policy is an effective weapon against inflation. (C)reduction i ...
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
... (disequilibrium in external balance of foreign trade) and retarded economic growth. He however opined that macroeconomic problems and instability depend on how the deficits are financed. Deficit spending can be financed by selling of instruments such as Treasury Bills and Bonds. The more the governm ...
... (disequilibrium in external balance of foreign trade) and retarded economic growth. He however opined that macroeconomic problems and instability depend on how the deficits are financed. Deficit spending can be financed by selling of instruments such as Treasury Bills and Bonds. The more the governm ...
Expansionary monetary policy drives growth above potential
... 1.3 %, 0.4 percentage points of the slowdown in growth can alone be attributed to a reduced number of work days. If it were not for this calendar effect, the German economy would continue to expand at virtually the same pace as in the year 2016. A continued increase in the utilisation of production ...
... 1.3 %, 0.4 percentage points of the slowdown in growth can alone be attributed to a reduced number of work days. If it were not for this calendar effect, the German economy would continue to expand at virtually the same pace as in the year 2016. A continued increase in the utilisation of production ...
The Role of Firm-Level Productivity Growth for the Optimal Rate of
... rate. To preserve their profit-maximizing markup, incumbent firms therefore prefer to increasing their real price, and this requires a negative inflation rate. Apparently, learning by doing dominates the role of embodied productivity growth for the optimal long-run inflation rate and makes this rate ...
... rate. To preserve their profit-maximizing markup, incumbent firms therefore prefer to increasing their real price, and this requires a negative inflation rate. Apparently, learning by doing dominates the role of embodied productivity growth for the optimal long-run inflation rate and makes this rate ...
The Labor Market, Unemployment, and Inflation
... explanation for unemployment that holds that the productivity of workers increases with the wage rate. If this is so, firms may have an incentive to pay wages above the marketclearing rate. ...
... explanation for unemployment that holds that the productivity of workers increases with the wage rate. If this is so, firms may have an incentive to pay wages above the marketclearing rate. ...
Weil - FTPL - Hal-SHS
... about future policy regimes (Ricardian or non-Ricardian). Then bondholders anticipate the revaluation of nominal debt that occurs in non-Ricardian regimes. This influences their demand for nominal debt and, as a result, affects the equilibrium price level in the Ricardian regimes. Neither policy sur ...
... about future policy regimes (Ricardian or non-Ricardian). Then bondholders anticipate the revaluation of nominal debt that occurs in non-Ricardian regimes. This influences their demand for nominal debt and, as a result, affects the equilibrium price level in the Ricardian regimes. Neither policy sur ...
FINALTERM EXAMINATION Fall 2009 ECO401
... Which of the following shows the functions of money? ► A conductor of economic activity, a medium of exchange, and a store of value. ► A medium of exchange, a store of value, and a factor of production. ► A store of value, a medium of exchange, and a determinant of investment. ► A store of value, a ...
... Which of the following shows the functions of money? ► A conductor of economic activity, a medium of exchange, and a store of value. ► A medium of exchange, a store of value, and a factor of production. ► A store of value, a medium of exchange, and a determinant of investment. ► A store of value, a ...
Chapter 10 Classical Business Cycle Analysis
... (a) firms keep good workers so other firms can’t hire them. (b) the unemployment rate exceeds the natural rate of unemployment. (c) involuntary unemployment exceeds voluntary unemployment. (d) because of hiring and firing costs, firms retain workers in a recession that they would otherwise ...
... (a) firms keep good workers so other firms can’t hire them. (b) the unemployment rate exceeds the natural rate of unemployment. (c) involuntary unemployment exceeds voluntary unemployment. (d) because of hiring and firing costs, firms retain workers in a recession that they would otherwise ...
1 - Whitman People
... Fiscal policy directly causes an increase in aggregate demand by government purchase of goods or by people having more after tax income. Monetary policy works less directly as it takes people and firms longer to react to changes in interest rates. Difficulty: M ...
... Fiscal policy directly causes an increase in aggregate demand by government purchase of goods or by people having more after tax income. Monetary policy works less directly as it takes people and firms longer to react to changes in interest rates. Difficulty: M ...
Volume 72 No. 2, June 2009 Contents
... The Reserve Bank of New Zealand has developed a new core macroeconomic model to replace the existing FPS (Forecasting and Policy System) model. KITT (Kiwi Inflation Targeting Technology), the new model, advances our modelling towards the frontier in terms of both theory and empirics. KITT reconfirms ...
... The Reserve Bank of New Zealand has developed a new core macroeconomic model to replace the existing FPS (Forecasting and Policy System) model. KITT (Kiwi Inflation Targeting Technology), the new model, advances our modelling towards the frontier in terms of both theory and empirics. KITT reconfirms ...
exchange rate
... Imports and Exports and the Trade Feedback Effect Export prices of other countries affect U.S. import prices. The general rate of inflation abroad is likely to affect U.S. import prices. If the inflation rate abroad is high, U.S. import prices are likely to rise. The Price Feedback Effect price feed ...
... Imports and Exports and the Trade Feedback Effect Export prices of other countries affect U.S. import prices. The general rate of inflation abroad is likely to affect U.S. import prices. If the inflation rate abroad is high, U.S. import prices are likely to rise. The Price Feedback Effect price feed ...
Economics: Explore and Apply 1/e by Ayers and Collinge Chapter 9
... Likewise if the expected price level decreases , short-run supply shifts downward. ©2004 Prentice Hall Publishing ...
... Likewise if the expected price level decreases , short-run supply shifts downward. ©2004 Prentice Hall Publishing ...
A survey of the effects of discretionary fiscal policy
... increase in aggregate demand raises the weight of the elastic component, inducing producers to lower their price mark-up. On the one hand, an increase in government purchases produces the standard wealth effect, with higher labour supply. On the other hand, the counter-cyclical reduction in the mark ...
... increase in aggregate demand raises the weight of the elastic component, inducing producers to lower their price mark-up. On the one hand, an increase in government purchases produces the standard wealth effect, with higher labour supply. On the other hand, the counter-cyclical reduction in the mark ...
Chapter 12 - Dr. George Fahmy
... sloped, increases in aggregate demand raise both output and the price level. A. W. Phillips, investigating unemployment and price/wage increases over time, found that low rates of unemployment in Great Britain were associated with high rates of price/wage rate increase, while higher levels of unempl ...
... sloped, increases in aggregate demand raise both output and the price level. A. W. Phillips, investigating unemployment and price/wage increases over time, found that low rates of unemployment in Great Britain were associated with high rates of price/wage rate increase, while higher levels of unempl ...
Document
... The liquidity trap is when interest rates are very low (bond prices are high), and virtually everyone comes to believe that interest rates will rise in the future. If they buy bonds at this ...
... The liquidity trap is when interest rates are very low (bond prices are high), and virtually everyone comes to believe that interest rates will rise in the future. If they buy bonds at this ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY POLICY IN A FINANCIAL CRISIS Christopher Gust
... are no currency mismatches in balance sheets, it is often considered the ‘natural’ outcome that a cut in the interest rate lifts asset prices and improves balance sheets. If the rise in Q is sufficiently strong to offset the nominal depreciation, then the left side of the collateral constraint is incre ...
... are no currency mismatches in balance sheets, it is often considered the ‘natural’ outcome that a cut in the interest rate lifts asset prices and improves balance sheets. If the rise in Q is sufficiently strong to offset the nominal depreciation, then the left side of the collateral constraint is incre ...
the consumer price index
... The consumer price index is used to monitor changes in the cost of living over time. When the consumer price index rises, the typical family has to spend more money to maintain the same standard of living. Economists use the term inflation to describe a situation in which the economy’s overall price ...
... The consumer price index is used to monitor changes in the cost of living over time. When the consumer price index rises, the typical family has to spend more money to maintain the same standard of living. Economists use the term inflation to describe a situation in which the economy’s overall price ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ON THE OR IRRELEVANCE OF PUBLIC
... that they fail to take into account the implicit liability associated with government bonds, and the change in that liability with a change in the level ...
... that they fail to take into account the implicit liability associated with government bonds, and the change in that liability with a change in the level ...
Parkin-Bade Chapter 22
... A rise in the price level, other things remaining the same, decreases the quantity of real wealth (money, stocks, etc.). To restore their real wealth, people increase saving and decrease spending, so the quantity of real GDP demanded decreases. Similarly, a fall in the price level, other things rema ...
... A rise in the price level, other things remaining the same, decreases the quantity of real wealth (money, stocks, etc.). To restore their real wealth, people increase saving and decrease spending, so the quantity of real GDP demanded decreases. Similarly, a fall in the price level, other things rema ...
2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Macroeconomics, 4/e
... Equilibrium in financial markets implies that, for a given real money supply, an increase in the level of income, which increases the demand for money, leads to an increase in the interest rate. An increase in the money supply shifts the LM curve down; a decrease in the money supply shifts the L ...
... Equilibrium in financial markets implies that, for a given real money supply, an increase in the level of income, which increases the demand for money, leads to an increase in the interest rate. An increase in the money supply shifts the LM curve down; a decrease in the money supply shifts the L ...
Monetary policy
Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.Further goals of a monetary policy are usually to contribute to economic growth and stability, to lower unemployment, and to maintain predictable exchange rates with other currencies.Monetary economics provides insight into how to craft optimal monetary policy.Monetary policy is referred to as either being expansionary or contractionary, where an expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy more rapidly than usual, and contractionary policy expands the money supply more slowly than usual or even shrinks it. Expansionary policy is traditionally used to try to combat unemployment in a recession by lowering interest rates in the hope that easy credit will entice businesses into expanding. Contractionary policy is intended to slow inflation in order to avoid the resulting distortions and deterioration of asset values.Monetary policy differs from fiscal policy, which refers to taxation, government spending, and associated borrowing.