Interactive Tool
... real income, and wholesale-retail trade." The current data show a decline in employment, but not as large as in the previous recession. Real income growth slowed but did not decline. Manufacturing and trade sales and industrial production both declined and had been doing so for some time. The recess ...
... real income, and wholesale-retail trade." The current data show a decline in employment, but not as large as in the previous recession. Real income growth slowed but did not decline. Manufacturing and trade sales and industrial production both declined and had been doing so for some time. The recess ...
Growth Policy and the State: Implications for the Design of a European Growth Package
... A main issue facing countries in the euro area, particularly in its Southern part, is how to reconcile the need to invest in the above long run growth levers with that of reducing public debt and deficits. To address the challenge of reconciling growth with greater budgetary discipline, governments ...
... A main issue facing countries in the euro area, particularly in its Southern part, is how to reconcile the need to invest in the above long run growth levers with that of reducing public debt and deficits. To address the challenge of reconciling growth with greater budgetary discipline, governments ...
Testing stabilisation policy limits in a small open economy: Editors’ summary of a macroeconomic policy forum
... below historical averages. From a monetary policy point of view, this would be particularly unwelcome at the present juncture where inflation is already high. Alternatively, the sharp rise in household debt levels may have increased the vulnerability of the household sector to a fall in house prices ...
... below historical averages. From a monetary policy point of view, this would be particularly unwelcome at the present juncture where inflation is already high. Alternatively, the sharp rise in household debt levels may have increased the vulnerability of the household sector to a fall in house prices ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... Confronted by the difficulty of developing a single theory that encompasses major features of business cyclt~s, including their irregular timing and varying amplitudes, economists usually find it fruitful to apportion the study of cycles among smaller and more digestible units. These include researc ...
... Confronted by the difficulty of developing a single theory that encompasses major features of business cyclt~s, including their irregular timing and varying amplitudes, economists usually find it fruitful to apportion the study of cycles among smaller and more digestible units. These include researc ...
Prospects for Reconciling the Conflict between
... 1974), which establishes that species with overlapping niches compete for scarce resources—the quintessential subject matter of economics. Humans have a very broad niche; thus, humans proliferate at the competitive exclusion of nonhuman species (Czech et al. 2000). A modicum of physics is also requi ...
... 1974), which establishes that species with overlapping niches compete for scarce resources—the quintessential subject matter of economics. Humans have a very broad niche; thus, humans proliferate at the competitive exclusion of nonhuman species (Czech et al. 2000). A modicum of physics is also requi ...
FISCAL AND MONETARY STABILIZATION POLICY OF THE
... Stabilization policies are commonly understood as the aggregate demand management policies aimed at maintaining full employment and price stability. The basic principle of the aggregate demand management policies is that the state can neutralize, or at least mitigate the consequences of actions of t ...
... Stabilization policies are commonly understood as the aggregate demand management policies aimed at maintaining full employment and price stability. The basic principle of the aggregate demand management policies is that the state can neutralize, or at least mitigate the consequences of actions of t ...
French circuit theory
... the market for manufactured goods. The volume of output and its distribution are determined by the interplay of supply and demand in markets depending on the productivity of each factor and on individual preferences. In arguing against Walras’s representation of things, circuitists underscore the di ...
... the market for manufactured goods. The volume of output and its distribution are determined by the interplay of supply and demand in markets depending on the productivity of each factor and on individual preferences. In arguing against Walras’s representation of things, circuitists underscore the di ...
Comparing the monetary transmission mechanism in France
... By Erik Britton and John Whitley of the Bank’s Conjunctural Assessment and Projections Division. In this article,(1) Erik Britton and John Whitley analyse the importance of commonly cited structural differences between the economies of the United Kingdom, France and Germany for the response of outpu ...
... By Erik Britton and John Whitley of the Bank’s Conjunctural Assessment and Projections Division. In this article,(1) Erik Britton and John Whitley analyse the importance of commonly cited structural differences between the economies of the United Kingdom, France and Germany for the response of outpu ...
Subject_vocabulary
... the export by a country or firms of goods at a price that is lower than the cost of production ...
... the export by a country or firms of goods at a price that is lower than the cost of production ...
Reviving Economic Growth in Liberia
... both it and the donor community would take in the period between January and June 2006. This was followed by the development of an Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy (iPRS), which was finalized in early 2007 and is meant to cover the period from late 2006 through mid-2008. The government is current ...
... both it and the donor community would take in the period between January and June 2006. This was followed by the development of an Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy (iPRS), which was finalized in early 2007 and is meant to cover the period from late 2006 through mid-2008. The government is current ...
B.A. (HONOURS) ECONOMICS COURSE CONTENTS (Effective from the Academic Year 2011-2012 onwards)
... Paper 01: INTRODUCTORY MICROECONOMICS Course Description This course is designed to expose first-year students, who may be new to economics, the basic principles of microeconomic theory. The emphasis will be on thinking like an economist and the course will illustrate how microeconomic concepts can ...
... Paper 01: INTRODUCTORY MICROECONOMICS Course Description This course is designed to expose first-year students, who may be new to economics, the basic principles of microeconomic theory. The emphasis will be on thinking like an economist and the course will illustrate how microeconomic concepts can ...
Document
... The Case for Active Stabilization Policy Keynes: “Animal spirits” cause waves of pessimism and optimism among households and firms, leading to shifts in aggregate demand and fluctuations in output and employment. ...
... The Case for Active Stabilization Policy Keynes: “Animal spirits” cause waves of pessimism and optimism among households and firms, leading to shifts in aggregate demand and fluctuations in output and employment. ...
Monetary Policy: Recent Experience and Future Directions
... There is a broad consensus that the financial crisis has been caused by several factors, such as: failures in financial regulation and supervision; structural changes in the financial sector, including the increased importance of the shadow banking system and securitisation; and global macro-economi ...
... There is a broad consensus that the financial crisis has been caused by several factors, such as: failures in financial regulation and supervision; structural changes in the financial sector, including the increased importance of the shadow banking system and securitisation; and global macro-economi ...
1994-10
... belonging to the same commodity group. Thus at this second level, consumers have the substitution possibilities between domestic and imported commodities of the same type according to a Cobb-Douglas function. The resultant set of household demand functions for domestic and imported commodities are g ...
... belonging to the same commodity group. Thus at this second level, consumers have the substitution possibilities between domestic and imported commodities of the same type according to a Cobb-Douglas function. The resultant set of household demand functions for domestic and imported commodities are g ...
MONETARY POLICY REACTION FUNCTION IN TURKEY October 2000 Olcay Yücel EMİR
... The purpose of this paper is to estimate the sterilisation and offset coefficient and degree of the relation between the Central Bank’s reactions and the macroeconomic variables by estimating the monetary policy reaction function on a monthly basis. The offset and sterilisation coefficients, togethe ...
... The purpose of this paper is to estimate the sterilisation and offset coefficient and degree of the relation between the Central Bank’s reactions and the macroeconomic variables by estimating the monetary policy reaction function on a monthly basis. The offset and sterilisation coefficients, togethe ...
Country Differences in Political Economy
... • Individual freedom over economic and political action – Individual diversity and private ownership are desirable. Private property is more highly productive whereas communal property receives little care -- Aristotle, 384-322 BC – “the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over ...
... • Individual freedom over economic and political action – Individual diversity and private ownership are desirable. Private property is more highly productive whereas communal property receives little care -- Aristotle, 384-322 BC – “the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over ...
instructional objectives
... prices. Because the long-term trend has been for prices to rise, adjusting Nominal GDP to Real GDP involves inflating the lower prices before the base year and deflating the higher prices after the base year. 4. Real GDP values allow more direct comparison of physical output from one year to the nex ...
... prices. Because the long-term trend has been for prices to rise, adjusting Nominal GDP to Real GDP involves inflating the lower prices before the base year and deflating the higher prices after the base year. 4. Real GDP values allow more direct comparison of physical output from one year to the nex ...
free sample here
... A) Most African countries today still suffer from low or negative GDP growth. B) Vietnam has experienced a five-fold increase in wages as a result of the growth of the footwear industry there. C) The move of Electrolux to Mexico cost Michigan 2,700 jobs. D) Minimum wages should be established at set ...
... A) Most African countries today still suffer from low or negative GDP growth. B) Vietnam has experienced a five-fold increase in wages as a result of the growth of the footwear industry there. C) The move of Electrolux to Mexico cost Michigan 2,700 jobs. D) Minimum wages should be established at set ...
The Austrian School
... greeting cards, thus operating simultaneously in different stages. And there are obvious deviations from the strict one-way temporal sequence: Coal may be used in the production of steel while steel is used in the production of coal. (This is the supposedly telling counter-example offered by Frank K ...
... greeting cards, thus operating simultaneously in different stages. And there are obvious deviations from the strict one-way temporal sequence: Coal may be used in the production of steel while steel is used in the production of coal. (This is the supposedly telling counter-example offered by Frank K ...
Industrial Policy: A Missing Link in Mexico’s Quest for Export-led Growth
... at annual rates above 5%–6%? If so, should the country emphasize the performance of the manufacturing industry? What are the current options or types of industrial policy to promote growth in emerging markets most adequate for Mexico? What type of industrial policy will the current administration pu ...
... at annual rates above 5%–6%? If so, should the country emphasize the performance of the manufacturing industry? What are the current options or types of industrial policy to promote growth in emerging markets most adequate for Mexico? What type of industrial policy will the current administration pu ...
The Emergence of Alternatives to Development in
... audiences and policy frameworks than proposals constructed in the Global North. The development lens allows for an analysis of the expansion of the growth-based economy (including current extractive models) from the standpoint of the Global South, whose encounter with modern economic globalization h ...
... audiences and policy frameworks than proposals constructed in the Global North. The development lens allows for an analysis of the expansion of the growth-based economy (including current extractive models) from the standpoint of the Global South, whose encounter with modern economic globalization h ...
problem set 3 - Shepherd Webpages
... b. Given the above parameters, calculate the level of consumption if Y = 1200. Suppose Y increases to 1300. What happens to the level of YD as Y increases to 1300 (i.e. calculate the change in YD)? What happens to the level of consumption when Y rises to 1300 (i.e. calculate the change in consumptio ...
... b. Given the above parameters, calculate the level of consumption if Y = 1200. Suppose Y increases to 1300. What happens to the level of YD as Y increases to 1300 (i.e. calculate the change in YD)? What happens to the level of consumption when Y rises to 1300 (i.e. calculate the change in consumptio ...
Section III. Business Cycles B. Rational Expectations Inflation
... is the case, then monetary policy makers can choose the parameters of monetary policy to stabilize the economy. However, an alternative is to examine rational expectations. Rational expectations is just another way of saying model consistent expectations. We think of the exogenous variables as being ...
... is the case, then monetary policy makers can choose the parameters of monetary policy to stabilize the economy. However, an alternative is to examine rational expectations. Rational expectations is just another way of saying model consistent expectations. We think of the exogenous variables as being ...
Botswana: An African Success
... Initially, there was no evidence that the government intended to move toward Marxiststyle central planning, with the government owning the “means of production.” “Government would obviously look after the social side by itself; on the productive side its role would be one of planning, of stimulating ...
... Initially, there was no evidence that the government intended to move toward Marxiststyle central planning, with the government owning the “means of production.” “Government would obviously look after the social side by itself; on the productive side its role would be one of planning, of stimulating ...
NL january 2009
... the pound fell below the $1.40 mark against the US dollar for the first time since 2001. The promotion includes special flight offers and hotel rates designed to make the capital a more affordable holiday destination. ...
... the pound fell below the $1.40 mark against the US dollar for the first time since 2001. The promotion includes special flight offers and hotel rates designed to make the capital a more affordable holiday destination. ...