Pushing on a string: US monetary policy is less powerful in recessions
... policy and the models used to analyse it. If changes in the policy rate have little impact in a recession, policymakers will possibly need to resort to other monetary policy measures to achieve the desired expansionary effect. The authorities may also need to rely more heavily on fiscal or financial ...
... policy and the models used to analyse it. If changes in the policy rate have little impact in a recession, policymakers will possibly need to resort to other monetary policy measures to achieve the desired expansionary effect. The authorities may also need to rely more heavily on fiscal or financial ...
Appendix J What is needed in a cost-benefit analysis? (PDF
... policy that gets children from the lowest income brackets into ECEC services (who would not otherwise attend) is estimated to be $13.3 billion, but only $2.7 billion in net present value terms. While the cumulative estimates are useful to grab headlines, it is the net present value numbers that are ...
... policy that gets children from the lowest income brackets into ECEC services (who would not otherwise attend) is estimated to be $13.3 billion, but only $2.7 billion in net present value terms. While the cumulative estimates are useful to grab headlines, it is the net present value numbers that are ...
Discretionary Fiscal Policy as a Stabilization Policy Tool
... good might have difficulty retaining the other important lesson that structural deficits which led to perpetually rising debt-to-GDP ratios were bad. Better, it was thought, to keep the legislative process focused on “classical” considerations of the benefits and costs of spending programs and taxat ...
... good might have difficulty retaining the other important lesson that structural deficits which led to perpetually rising debt-to-GDP ratios were bad. Better, it was thought, to keep the legislative process focused on “classical” considerations of the benefits and costs of spending programs and taxat ...
The Seafood Sector in Ireland: An Assessment of the Employment
... regulated at national and EU levels. The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), formally introduced in 1983, is the European Union’s instrument for the management of fisheries. Aimed at enhancing the sustainability of fish stocks and the economic competitiveness of the fishing industry (Khalilian, 2010), it ...
... regulated at national and EU levels. The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), formally introduced in 1983, is the European Union’s instrument for the management of fisheries. Aimed at enhancing the sustainability of fish stocks and the economic competitiveness of the fishing industry (Khalilian, 2010), it ...
DES/UTAD
... different parts of Europe. In some areas there have been major tourism developments based on, for example, ski-ing or purpose-built coastal holiday villages. In other areas there is much more varied provision, including land-based tourist enterprises, small, medium and large hotels and holiday villa ...
... different parts of Europe. In some areas there have been major tourism developments based on, for example, ski-ing or purpose-built coastal holiday villages. In other areas there is much more varied provision, including land-based tourist enterprises, small, medium and large hotels and holiday villa ...
A tale of three cities: Insight into the impacts of holiday rentals in
... concerns amongst local authorities, the hotel industry, and neighbourhoods most impacted by visitor numbers. They claim that the repercussions on residential markets like in Paris are severe. Vacation rentals are said to distort competition because tourists pay more to rent these properties than ful ...
... concerns amongst local authorities, the hotel industry, and neighbourhoods most impacted by visitor numbers. They claim that the repercussions on residential markets like in Paris are severe. Vacation rentals are said to distort competition because tourists pay more to rent these properties than ful ...
The Case of Greece (1960-1989), by E. Ioakimoglou and
... of society, which remain unchanged and are constantly present, regardless of all the changes in historical development. These relations are present even though they remain hidden beneath the surface of everyday events and the changes of economic, political or ideological conjuncture. Internal determ ...
... of society, which remain unchanged and are constantly present, regardless of all the changes in historical development. These relations are present even though they remain hidden beneath the surface of everyday events and the changes of economic, political or ideological conjuncture. Internal determ ...
EC827_B4
... Depends on whether agents think that the announcement is credible. Talk is cheap; if not believed then it is the same as making no announcement. ...
... Depends on whether agents think that the announcement is credible. Talk is cheap; if not believed then it is the same as making no announcement. ...
pdf copy of this Policy Study
... underlying worldview that individuals, not statesmen, know best how to spend the proceeds of their labor. He argued that as citizens sought their own self-interest through production and exchange, they would inevitably benefit society as a whole by efficiently distributing goods and services through ...
... underlying worldview that individuals, not statesmen, know best how to spend the proceeds of their labor. He argued that as citizens sought their own self-interest through production and exchange, they would inevitably benefit society as a whole by efficiently distributing goods and services through ...
18.1 fiscal versus monetary policy
... The three steps in the transmission of fiscal policy are Step 1 An increase in government expenditure or a tax cut increases aggregate expenditure and increases aggregate demand with a multiplier. Step 2 A change in real GDP changes the demand for money, which changes the interest rate. Step 3 A cha ...
... The three steps in the transmission of fiscal policy are Step 1 An increase in government expenditure or a tax cut increases aggregate expenditure and increases aggregate demand with a multiplier. Step 2 A change in real GDP changes the demand for money, which changes the interest rate. Step 3 A cha ...
Presentazione di PowerPoint
... “Legitimacy is a shared expectation among actors in an arrangement of asymmetric power, such that the actions of those who rule are accepted voluntarily by those who are ruled because the latter are convinced that the actions of the former conform to pre-established norms.” (Schmitter P., What is ...
... “Legitimacy is a shared expectation among actors in an arrangement of asymmetric power, such that the actions of those who rule are accepted voluntarily by those who are ruled because the latter are convinced that the actions of the former conform to pre-established norms.” (Schmitter P., What is ...
Slide 1
... In 1990 tourism brought in $243 million Only sector that grew steadily Revenues quadrupled in first half of the 1990s 1993 brought in more revenue than sugar If not for embargo, would U.S. tourism change the Cuban economy? ...
... In 1990 tourism brought in $243 million Only sector that grew steadily Revenues quadrupled in first half of the 1990s 1993 brought in more revenue than sugar If not for embargo, would U.S. tourism change the Cuban economy? ...
T C A B
... in World War II and 38 percent in World War I. For Germany, the country most heavily involved in both wars, the comparable numbers are 76 percent and 53 percent. In addition to devoting a great share of production to war in the second global conflict, these countries also maintained high war expendi ...
... in World War II and 38 percent in World War I. For Germany, the country most heavily involved in both wars, the comparable numbers are 76 percent and 53 percent. In addition to devoting a great share of production to war in the second global conflict, these countries also maintained high war expendi ...
PDF file
... This analysis will allow us to focus on central episodes in the previous decade and decompose the factors that affected the economy during these periods. Among these episodes are the inßux of immigrants, especially in the early 1990s, the ending of the inßux in the second half of the decade, the emer ...
... This analysis will allow us to focus on central episodes in the previous decade and decompose the factors that affected the economy during these periods. Among these episodes are the inßux of immigrants, especially in the early 1990s, the ending of the inßux in the second half of the decade, the emer ...
time lags
... optimism on the part of households and firms or through very aggressive behavior on the part of the Fed, but because neither of these situations is very plausible, the multiplier is likely to be greater than zero. Thus, it is likely that to lower the deficit by a certain amount, the cut in governmen ...
... optimism on the part of households and firms or through very aggressive behavior on the part of the Fed, but because neither of these situations is very plausible, the multiplier is likely to be greater than zero. Thus, it is likely that to lower the deficit by a certain amount, the cut in governmen ...
Impact of HEIs on Regional Economies
... Gap 3. Towards a CBA of HEIs’ Regional Impacts Assessment of the impact of HEIs is insufficient to provide an evaluation of the effects of HEIs on national and regional economies – Impacts would, of course, be a part of such an evaluation – But would require detailed assessment of all the costs and ...
... Gap 3. Towards a CBA of HEIs’ Regional Impacts Assessment of the impact of HEIs is insufficient to provide an evaluation of the effects of HEIs on national and regional economies – Impacts would, of course, be a part of such an evaluation – But would require detailed assessment of all the costs and ...
DOC - World bank documents
... liberalization, privatization and restructuring. During the third stage (after 1998), however, the policy focus shifted towards addressing fiscal pressures and implementing investment climate reforms. While labor markets provided an efficient reallocation mechanism during the early transition years, ...
... liberalization, privatization and restructuring. During the third stage (after 1998), however, the policy focus shifted towards addressing fiscal pressures and implementing investment climate reforms. While labor markets provided an efficient reallocation mechanism during the early transition years, ...
Macroeconomic Issues and Policy
... bill rate to 4.3 percent in the fourth quarter of 1998. • The Asian crisis did not affect the U.S. economy very much, and the Fed began raising the bill rate on fears that the economy might be overheating. ...
... bill rate to 4.3 percent in the fourth quarter of 1998. • The Asian crisis did not affect the U.S. economy very much, and the Fed began raising the bill rate on fears that the economy might be overheating. ...
Monetary Policy Fall 2016 (material for last course outline)
... (They don’t want to just sit on the barren reserve deposits.) To get people to borrow the new reserves, the banks must lower interest rates. o Think about it this way: Suppose you are one of ten people selling apples at a stand along the street. You have priced them so that the demand for apples is ...
... (They don’t want to just sit on the barren reserve deposits.) To get people to borrow the new reserves, the banks must lower interest rates. o Think about it this way: Suppose you are one of ten people selling apples at a stand along the street. You have priced them so that the demand for apples is ...
ch 1 presentation
... • Cost - the alternative we give up when we choose one option over another (to an economist cost = opportunity cost) • Increasing cost – each time we increase the production of a particular good, the sacrifice in terms of the goods given up ...
... • Cost - the alternative we give up when we choose one option over another (to an economist cost = opportunity cost) • Increasing cost – each time we increase the production of a particular good, the sacrifice in terms of the goods given up ...