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... › These climate-driven supply shocks have consequences for world commodity and food prices (Brunner 2002; Ubilava and Holt 2013; Chen et al. 2008) ...
... › These climate-driven supply shocks have consequences for world commodity and food prices (Brunner 2002; Ubilava and Holt 2013; Chen et al. 2008) ...
Expansionary fiscal contraction - University of British Columbia
... spending and deficit reducing policies have negative effects on aggregate demand and output. Deficit reduction then has to be a balancing act between the achievement of financial goals and the containment of the negative effects on the real economy. Against this consensus is what has been called the ÔGer ...
... spending and deficit reducing policies have negative effects on aggregate demand and output. Deficit reduction then has to be a balancing act between the achievement of financial goals and the containment of the negative effects on the real economy. Against this consensus is what has been called the ÔGer ...
State and Regional Economic Developments in California An LAO
... federal government employment (including civilian employees working on military bases) and state and local government employment (which includes teachers, and employees of city, county, and state government within California). ...
... federal government employment (including civilian employees working on military bases) and state and local government employment (which includes teachers, and employees of city, county, and state government within California). ...
LM Curve
... • The main shift factor for real Md is income (Y). • Additional shift factors include: – Wealth: If people become wealthier, some of the additional wealth may be held as money, so Md rises. – Expected future inflation: If people expect P to rise quickly in the future, they will try to hold as little ...
... • The main shift factor for real Md is income (Y). • Additional shift factors include: – Wealth: If people become wealthier, some of the additional wealth may be held as money, so Md rises. – Expected future inflation: If people expect P to rise quickly in the future, they will try to hold as little ...
Ch 7
... • Business Fluctuations – The ups and downs in business activity throughout the economy ...
... • Business Fluctuations – The ups and downs in business activity throughout the economy ...
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT ABSTRACT
... evolution. A number of developments in the form of new theories and applications have already taken place in economics during the past few decades with a view to understand the economy, its actors their behavior and the consequent outcomes of their actions. Generally, curriculum brings out the acade ...
... evolution. A number of developments in the form of new theories and applications have already taken place in economics during the past few decades with a view to understand the economy, its actors their behavior and the consequent outcomes of their actions. Generally, curriculum brings out the acade ...
Information Technology and Monetary Policy
... effect on this decision-theory approach to monetary policy. Of course, it placed more emphasis on credibility and therefore on policy rules or contingency plans for policy; but policy rules were already the focus of the earlier work of Phillips, Howrey, and others. More important for this discussion ...
... effect on this decision-theory approach to monetary policy. Of course, it placed more emphasis on credibility and therefore on policy rules or contingency plans for policy; but policy rules were already the focus of the earlier work of Phillips, Howrey, and others. More important for this discussion ...
1 János Kornai`s comparative theory and defense of capitalism
... the system were strongly mitigated during this period, while innovation, dynamism, and increase in the standard of living were nevertheless manifest. Galbraith had seen a kind of civilizing process of capitalism at work at that time, stimulated by the rivalry with socialism ; an implication of Korna ...
... the system were strongly mitigated during this period, while innovation, dynamism, and increase in the standard of living were nevertheless manifest. Galbraith had seen a kind of civilizing process of capitalism at work at that time, stimulated by the rivalry with socialism ; an implication of Korna ...
US Macroeconomic Outlook Alternative Scenarios
... have declined to $2.70 per gallon, compared with an all-time high of close to $4. Oil prices are not expected to slump much further, as the global economic expansion should remain intact and global oil producers will manage supplies. For all of 2010, oil will average $80 per barrel, and range as hig ...
... have declined to $2.70 per gallon, compared with an all-time high of close to $4. Oil prices are not expected to slump much further, as the global economic expansion should remain intact and global oil producers will manage supplies. For all of 2010, oil will average $80 per barrel, and range as hig ...
Do federal budget deficits cause crowding out?
... higher interest rates or a higher user cost of capital, creating higher prices for private firms to borrow money. As interest rates increase, firms face a lower rate of return and thus reduce investment. So as the public sector gets more, it “crowds out” private sector investment. As the private sec ...
... higher interest rates or a higher user cost of capital, creating higher prices for private firms to borrow money. As interest rates increase, firms face a lower rate of return and thus reduce investment. So as the public sector gets more, it “crowds out” private sector investment. As the private sec ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BUSINESS CYCLES IN THE EURO AREA Domenico Giannone
... models, one which characterizes the joint output dynamics of the euro area countries and one which studies the euro area aggregate cycle in relation to that of the US, the other large common currency area in the world. We first look at the relation between countries’ output dynamics and average euro ...
... models, one which characterizes the joint output dynamics of the euro area countries and one which studies the euro area aggregate cycle in relation to that of the US, the other large common currency area in the world. We first look at the relation between countries’ output dynamics and average euro ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE RICARDIAN APPROACH TO BUDGET DEFICITS
... approach and contrasts it with standard models. The discussion considers from major theoretical objections to Iticardian equivalence—finite lifetimes, imperfect capital markets, uncertainty about future taxes and incomes, and ...
... approach and contrasts it with standard models. The discussion considers from major theoretical objections to Iticardian equivalence—finite lifetimes, imperfect capital markets, uncertainty about future taxes and incomes, and ...
