Monetary Policy Statement
... Government, including its objectives for growth and employment. Without prejudice to the generality of the above, the Bank shall: • Formulate and implement foreign exchange policy; • Hold and manage Government foreign exchange reserves; • License and supervise authorised foreign exchange dealers; ...
... Government, including its objectives for growth and employment. Without prejudice to the generality of the above, the Bank shall: • Formulate and implement foreign exchange policy; • Hold and manage Government foreign exchange reserves; • License and supervise authorised foreign exchange dealers; ...
O`Sullivan Sheffrin Peres 6e
... What are the links between presidential elections and macroeconomic performance? Elections, Political Parties, and Voter Expectations ...
... What are the links between presidential elections and macroeconomic performance? Elections, Political Parties, and Voter Expectations ...
AND BUSINESS FLUCTUATIONS Mark Gertler Working Paper No. 2015
... Townsend. A major conclusion here is that when the entrepreneurs who borrow to finance projects are more solvent (have more "collateral"), the deadweight agency costs of investment finance are lower. This model of investment finance is then embedded in a dynamic macroeconomic setting. We show that, ...
... Townsend. A major conclusion here is that when the entrepreneurs who borrow to finance projects are more solvent (have more "collateral"), the deadweight agency costs of investment finance are lower. This model of investment finance is then embedded in a dynamic macroeconomic setting. We show that, ...
Sovereign wealth funds for macroeconomic purposes
... Let us start with the group of oil rich countries in Table 1, where governments own large shares of the oil and natural gas resources, and/or receive considerable petroleum tax revenues. The government petroleum revenues permit a higher present value of government spending net of taxes than otherwis ...
... Let us start with the group of oil rich countries in Table 1, where governments own large shares of the oil and natural gas resources, and/or receive considerable petroleum tax revenues. The government petroleum revenues permit a higher present value of government spending net of taxes than otherwis ...
Meet the New Borrowers - Federal Reserve Bank of New York
... Risk also depends on attitudes, and the new borrowers seem to take a riskier view toward credit. Participants in the Survey of Consumer Finances are asked whether it is “all right for someone like yourself ” to borrow for certain purposes.10 Most cardholders in 1989 said they approved of borrowing t ...
... Risk also depends on attitudes, and the new borrowers seem to take a riskier view toward credit. Participants in the Survey of Consumer Finances are asked whether it is “all right for someone like yourself ” to borrow for certain purposes.10 Most cardholders in 1989 said they approved of borrowing t ...
View/Open
... that: increasing public investment has short-run Dutch disease effects, expected to be offset by increased productive capacity in the long run; higher public infrastructure spending benefits nonconstrained agents more than constrained agents; and that the short-run private sector investment response ...
... that: increasing public investment has short-run Dutch disease effects, expected to be offset by increased productive capacity in the long run; higher public infrastructure spending benefits nonconstrained agents more than constrained agents; and that the short-run private sector investment response ...
PAY RISES ARE A PLUS FOR THE ECONOMY Introduction Wages
... finance so that credit would become cheaper and easily accessible and households would continue to spend by indebting themselves more. Remember the famous ‘Ninja’ phrase (No Income, no Job, and no Assets) from the US boom in subprime loans? Where less creditworthy households were provided with mortg ...
... finance so that credit would become cheaper and easily accessible and households would continue to spend by indebting themselves more. Remember the famous ‘Ninja’ phrase (No Income, no Job, and no Assets) from the US boom in subprime loans? Where less creditworthy households were provided with mortg ...
ANALYSIS OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE
... investments in frontline policing and public order capabilities, enhanced security measures at the Checkpoints, as well as spending on infrastructure projects such as the new Woodlands Police Divisional HQ and Redevelopment of Selarang Park Complex. Trade and Industry expenditure is expected to incr ...
... investments in frontline policing and public order capabilities, enhanced security measures at the Checkpoints, as well as spending on infrastructure projects such as the new Woodlands Police Divisional HQ and Redevelopment of Selarang Park Complex. Trade and Industry expenditure is expected to incr ...
How Worried Should We Be about Wagner, Baumol and Ageing?
... the explicit premise is that economic activities can be grouped into two types: “technologically progressive activities in which innovations, capital accumulation, and economies of large scale all make for a cumulative rise in output per man hour” and “activities which, by their very nature, permit ...
... the explicit premise is that economic activities can be grouped into two types: “technologically progressive activities in which innovations, capital accumulation, and economies of large scale all make for a cumulative rise in output per man hour” and “activities which, by their very nature, permit ...
Ch 6 Measuring Total Output and Income
... United States. In the same year, U.S. residents, firms, and government agencies purchased $2,664.4 billion worth of goods and services from foreign countries. The difference between these two figures, --$576.9 billion, represented the net exports of the U.S. economy in 2011. Net exports were negativ ...
... United States. In the same year, U.S. residents, firms, and government agencies purchased $2,664.4 billion worth of goods and services from foreign countries. The difference between these two figures, --$576.9 billion, represented the net exports of the U.S. economy in 2011. Net exports were negativ ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: Asset Prices and Monetary Policy
... of new debt with an increase in labor supply required to finance new collateral. The tighter the borrowing constraint, the more stringent the necessity of increasing labor supply. Importantly, monetary policy can exert an influence on this margin. By generating inflation, the monetary authority can ...
... of new debt with an increase in labor supply required to finance new collateral. The tighter the borrowing constraint, the more stringent the necessity of increasing labor supply. Importantly, monetary policy can exert an influence on this margin. By generating inflation, the monetary authority can ...
A Cautionary Tale: The true cost of austerity and inequality
... total income grow, as the poorest are seeing theirs fall. If current trends continue some countries in Europe will soon have levels of inequality that rank among the highest in the world. Throughout Oxfam’s history it has campaigned not just to highlight poverty and suffering, but, just as important ...
... total income grow, as the poorest are seeing theirs fall. If current trends continue some countries in Europe will soon have levels of inequality that rank among the highest in the world. Throughout Oxfam’s history it has campaigned not just to highlight poverty and suffering, but, just as important ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... local public infrastructure. The findings are based on calculations that have been done that every district (county / city) are at different investment. Investments made of course based on the condition of the area. In addition to the availability of infrastructure is also based on the needs of loca ...
... local public infrastructure. The findings are based on calculations that have been done that every district (county / city) are at different investment. Investments made of course based on the condition of the area. In addition to the availability of infrastructure is also based on the needs of loca ...
RBC and New Keynesian Models
... Employment and Unemployment in the Real Business Cycle Model • The real business cycle model explains fluctuations in employment and unemployment with intertemporal substitution—the willingness to shift work effort over time as real wages and real interest rates change • An increase (decrease) in p ...
... Employment and Unemployment in the Real Business Cycle Model • The real business cycle model explains fluctuations in employment and unemployment with intertemporal substitution—the willingness to shift work effort over time as real wages and real interest rates change • An increase (decrease) in p ...
Freiburger Diskussionspapiere Freiburg Discussionpapers
... Buchanan (1950) considers fiscal equity as the basis for systems of fiscal equalization between jurisdictions in a federation. Second, Buchanan and Wagner (1970) and Buchanan and Goetz (1972) analyze possible inefficiencies emerging in a system of competitive federalism. These papers belong to the t ...
... Buchanan (1950) considers fiscal equity as the basis for systems of fiscal equalization between jurisdictions in a federation. Second, Buchanan and Wagner (1970) and Buchanan and Goetz (1972) analyze possible inefficiencies emerging in a system of competitive federalism. These papers belong to the t ...
Lectures 12 to 14
... ■ The expenditure approach : it examines how much is spent on demand for final goods and services. The key measure is GNE. ■ The product approach : it measures the value of all goods and services produced as output minus the value of goods used as inputs in production. The key measure is GDP. ■ The ...
... ■ The expenditure approach : it examines how much is spent on demand for final goods and services. The key measure is GNE. ■ The product approach : it measures the value of all goods and services produced as output minus the value of goods used as inputs in production. The key measure is GDP. ■ The ...
AUTOCRACY,DEMOCRACY,BUREAUCRACY, OR MONOPOLY
... the optimal level to the point where consumers are indifferent between receiving and not receiving the public good under a balanced budget constraint. 6 Bureaucracies engage in this behavior because the compensation (either monetary or psychic) is an increasing function ofsize. In Niskanen's (1971) ...
... the optimal level to the point where consumers are indifferent between receiving and not receiving the public good under a balanced budget constraint. 6 Bureaucracies engage in this behavior because the compensation (either monetary or psychic) is an increasing function ofsize. In Niskanen's (1971) ...
economic development under imf bail
... focused attention. Sadly, this is where we as managers of the economy of Ghana, have caused the mess we find ourselves in the country today. We have failed as professional managers. In Ghana today, the system offers temptations to behave unethically by favouring the interests of client management ov ...
... focused attention. Sadly, this is where we as managers of the economy of Ghana, have caused the mess we find ourselves in the country today. We have failed as professional managers. In Ghana today, the system offers temptations to behave unethically by favouring the interests of client management ov ...
The Greek fiscal crisis and the role of fiscal governance
... Persistent fiscal deficits and higher levels of public debt seem to be common features among many OECD countries since the early 1970s (OECD, 2007a). Fiscal deficits, once small and controlled in most of such countries, have soared after the outbreak of the recent global financial crisis, as a resul ...
... Persistent fiscal deficits and higher levels of public debt seem to be common features among many OECD countries since the early 1970s (OECD, 2007a). Fiscal deficits, once small and controlled in most of such countries, have soared after the outbreak of the recent global financial crisis, as a resul ...
