Inflation, Inequality and Social Conflict
... political instability in Cukierman et al. are not signi…cant once these other factors are controlled for. Desai et al. (2002) argue that inequality and the political system interact to drive in‡ation performance. In high inequality countries, more democracy leads to higher in‡ation as a result of po ...
... political instability in Cukierman et al. are not signi…cant once these other factors are controlled for. Desai et al. (2002) argue that inequality and the political system interact to drive in‡ation performance. In high inequality countries, more democracy leads to higher in‡ation as a result of po ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Peter N. Ireland Working Paper 16420
... departs from Taylor’s (1993) specification in a way that allows for a considerable degree of interest-rate smoothing by including the change, as opposed to the level, of the short-term nominal interest rate on the left-hand side. Fuhrer and Moore (1995) also use a policy rule of this type in their e ...
... departs from Taylor’s (1993) specification in a way that allows for a considerable degree of interest-rate smoothing by including the change, as opposed to the level, of the short-term nominal interest rate on the left-hand side. Fuhrer and Moore (1995) also use a policy rule of this type in their e ...
Current Issues of China´s Economic Policies - mba
... 1998, the fiscal-monetary mix was generally tight or restrictive and achieved good results, i.e. combating and keeping inflation at the expected level, maintaining high and stable growth rates and low inflation, or ensuring the soft landing of the economy. Since 1998, in order to forestall the negat ...
... 1998, the fiscal-monetary mix was generally tight or restrictive and achieved good results, i.e. combating and keeping inflation at the expected level, maintaining high and stable growth rates and low inflation, or ensuring the soft landing of the economy. Since 1998, in order to forestall the negat ...
MERCATUS GRADUATE POLICY ESSAY
... Short-term real interest rates are a natural variable to consider as a policy indicator because the Fed generally does not set nominal rates for longer-term instruments. However, the Fed cannot set these real short-term interest rates either because it only operates in the market for bank reserves a ...
... Short-term real interest rates are a natural variable to consider as a policy indicator because the Fed generally does not set nominal rates for longer-term instruments. However, the Fed cannot set these real short-term interest rates either because it only operates in the market for bank reserves a ...
06/2012 Smitha Francis An Analysis of Public Finances in Thailand from
... efforts have been circumscribed by efforts aimed at attracting foreign capital for export promotion and financial sector expansion. On the expenditure side, capital spending remains abysmally low, reflecting Thailand’s continued inability to create domestic productive and infrastructural capacities ...
... efforts have been circumscribed by efforts aimed at attracting foreign capital for export promotion and financial sector expansion. On the expenditure side, capital spending remains abysmally low, reflecting Thailand’s continued inability to create domestic productive and infrastructural capacities ...
Household and Firm Behavior in the Macroeconomy: A Further Look
... Households consume less if they are constrained from working. unconstrained supply of labor The amount a household would like to work within a given period at the current wage rate if it could find the work. constrained supply of labor The amount a household actually works in a given period at the c ...
... Households consume less if they are constrained from working. unconstrained supply of labor The amount a household would like to work within a given period at the current wage rate if it could find the work. constrained supply of labor The amount a household actually works in a given period at the c ...
policy space
... policy instruments. For instance, the outcome of the Uruguay Round (UR) of multilateral trade negotiations has extended the scope of multilateral disciplines to include rules that impinge directly on domestic policies. This may explain why much of the debate on policy space is confined to trade poli ...
... policy instruments. For instance, the outcome of the Uruguay Round (UR) of multilateral trade negotiations has extended the scope of multilateral disciplines to include rules that impinge directly on domestic policies. This may explain why much of the debate on policy space is confined to trade poli ...
Progressive approaches to budget deficits Malcolm Sawyer
... deficits in numerical terms where the number is ‘plucked out of the air’) is firstly to completely misunderstand the purposes of fissal policy and unbalanced budgets. It secondly argues that seeking a zero budget deficit would for many countries be difficult if not impossible to achieve, simply beca ...
... deficits in numerical terms where the number is ‘plucked out of the air’) is firstly to completely misunderstand the purposes of fissal policy and unbalanced budgets. It secondly argues that seeking a zero budget deficit would for many countries be difficult if not impossible to achieve, simply beca ...
Slide 1
... publishing business. The laptop was built in China. C. Jane spends $1200 on a computer to use in her editing business. She got last year’s model on sale for a great price from a local manufacturer. D. General Motors builds $500 million worth of cars, but consumers only buy $470 million worth of them ...
... publishing business. The laptop was built in China. C. Jane spends $1200 on a computer to use in her editing business. She got last year’s model on sale for a great price from a local manufacturer. D. General Motors builds $500 million worth of cars, but consumers only buy $470 million worth of them ...
Principles of Macroeconomics, Case/Fair/Oster, 10e
... supply curve holds that at any given moment, the economy has a clearly defined capacity, or maximum, output. With planned aggregate expenditure of AE1 and aggregate demand of AD1, equilibrium output is Y1. A shift of planned aggregate expenditure to AE2, corresponding to a shift of the AD curve to A ...
... supply curve holds that at any given moment, the economy has a clearly defined capacity, or maximum, output. With planned aggregate expenditure of AE1 and aggregate demand of AD1, equilibrium output is Y1. A shift of planned aggregate expenditure to AE2, corresponding to a shift of the AD curve to A ...
Macro CH 30 sample questions
... ____ 25. In the figure above, when disposable income equals $8 trillion, a. consumption expenditure is greater than disposable income, so consumers are dissaving. b. consumption expenditure is less than disposable income, so consumers are dissaving. c. consumption expenditure is greater than disposa ...
... ____ 25. In the figure above, when disposable income equals $8 trillion, a. consumption expenditure is greater than disposable income, so consumers are dissaving. b. consumption expenditure is less than disposable income, so consumers are dissaving. c. consumption expenditure is greater than disposa ...
Principles of Macroeconomics Self-study quiz and Exercises March
... 4) According to Keynes, the governmentʹs role during periods when private demand is low is to stimulate aggregate demand and, by so doing, lift the economy out of recession. 5) In the Classical model, the level of employment is determined by the level of aggregate demand. 6)ʺ Fine tuningʺ is any gov ...
... 4) According to Keynes, the governmentʹs role during periods when private demand is low is to stimulate aggregate demand and, by so doing, lift the economy out of recession. 5) In the Classical model, the level of employment is determined by the level of aggregate demand. 6)ʺ Fine tuningʺ is any gov ...
Ecns 202 and Ecns 206 Course Packet
... 4. I adhere to the policies in the MSU Catalog on assigning grades of incomplete. I only award a grade of incomplete upon the student proving there was such a hardship that would render it unjust to hold the student to the time limits previously fixed for the completion of his/her work. 5. Any stude ...
... 4. I adhere to the policies in the MSU Catalog on assigning grades of incomplete. I only award a grade of incomplete upon the student proving there was such a hardship that would render it unjust to hold the student to the time limits previously fixed for the completion of his/her work. 5. Any stude ...
Nicholas
... curve policy tradeoff—in which macroeconomic performance can be measured in terms of the level of inflation and output——could serve as such a measure of macroeconomic efficiency, were it ...
... curve policy tradeoff—in which macroeconomic performance can be measured in terms of the level of inflation and output——could serve as such a measure of macroeconomic efficiency, were it ...
Notes 14: Examples in Action
... As in the AS-AD market, a fall in C will shift in the IS curve. As C decreases, the IS curve (and the AD curve – they are both the same – just drawn in different spaces) will shift in. As the IS and AD curves shift in, Y falls. As Y falls, the money demand curve (which is a function of Y) falls. As ...
... As in the AS-AD market, a fall in C will shift in the IS curve. As C decreases, the IS curve (and the AD curve – they are both the same – just drawn in different spaces) will shift in. As the IS and AD curves shift in, Y falls. As Y falls, the money demand curve (which is a function of Y) falls. As ...
Full text - Toulouse School of Economics
... inconsistencies in the empirical research, these values must be extrapolated from studies of other populations that differ in significant respects. The CIH starts with an estimate of the value per statistical life (VSL), which represents a population average of individuals’ marginal rates of substi ...
... inconsistencies in the empirical research, these values must be extrapolated from studies of other populations that differ in significant respects. The CIH starts with an estimate of the value per statistical life (VSL), which represents a population average of individuals’ marginal rates of substi ...
Lecture Outline
... If firms become pessimistic about future business conditions, they may cut back investment spending, shifting aggregate demand to the left. An investment tax credit increases the quantity of investment goods that firms demand, which results in an increase in aggregate demand. An increase in the supp ...
... If firms become pessimistic about future business conditions, they may cut back investment spending, shifting aggregate demand to the left. An investment tax credit increases the quantity of investment goods that firms demand, which results in an increase in aggregate demand. An increase in the supp ...
Is the Italian public debt really unsustainable? An historical
... kingdoms. Second, throughout the study period the debt-to-GDP ratio was on average about 82 %, with two large peaks observed in the late 19th and 20th centuries. The burden of public debt in Italy observed in the 1990s was comparable to the levels reached during the last two decades of the 19th cen ...
... kingdoms. Second, throughout the study period the debt-to-GDP ratio was on average about 82 %, with two large peaks observed in the late 19th and 20th centuries. The burden of public debt in Italy observed in the 1990s was comparable to the levels reached during the last two decades of the 19th cen ...
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
... APPLYING THE CONCEPTS #1: What does the behavior of prices in consumer markets demonstrate about how quickly prices adjust in the U.S. economy? ...
... APPLYING THE CONCEPTS #1: What does the behavior of prices in consumer markets demonstrate about how quickly prices adjust in the U.S. economy? ...
Chapter 1 An introduction to economics
... All of these activities, and numerous others that take place every single day, can be described as economic activity. This is activity that takes place in order to make our lives more enjoyable and/or activity that is designed to help us achieve our goals or to complete our daily chores. The economi ...
... All of these activities, and numerous others that take place every single day, can be described as economic activity. This is activity that takes place in order to make our lives more enjoyable and/or activity that is designed to help us achieve our goals or to complete our daily chores. The economi ...
ECON102 Midterm 1 - The College of Business UNR
... ____ 13. A country’s production possibilities curve is downward sloping because a. resources are equally well equipped for the production of any good. b. the more the country’s inhabitants have of anything, the lower is the value they place on having more of it. c. some resources are better equipped ...
... ____ 13. A country’s production possibilities curve is downward sloping because a. resources are equally well equipped for the production of any good. b. the more the country’s inhabitants have of anything, the lower is the value they place on having more of it. c. some resources are better equipped ...
Principles of Economics, Case and Fair,9e
... Calculating GDP The Expenditure Approach The Income Approach Nominal versus Real GDP Calculating Real GDP Calculating the GDP Deflator The Problems of Fixed Weights Limitations of the GDP Concept GDP and Social Welfare The Underground Economy Gross National Income per Capita ...
... Calculating GDP The Expenditure Approach The Income Approach Nominal versus Real GDP Calculating Real GDP Calculating the GDP Deflator The Problems of Fixed Weights Limitations of the GDP Concept GDP and Social Welfare The Underground Economy Gross National Income per Capita ...