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14-15 - Ministry of Finance
14-15 - Ministry of Finance

... Fiscal performance in 2013-14 improved compared with a pattern of wide slippages experienced over past few years. Overall, fiscal deficit was recorded at 5.5 percent of GDP compared with 8.2 percent a year earlier. Encouragingly, the budget deficit fell well within the target of 6.5 percent set for ...
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... The completing of the European Monetary Union (EMU) by 1999 with the establishment of an independent common central bank, the European Central Bank (ECB), that manages the common monetary policy has considerable economic, institutional and political consequences3. Concerning the economic consequence ...
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Components - World Bank

... little as possible, and to keep accumulating the claims. An administrator who attempts to learn to live within the available budget does a disservice to his organisation, because it reduces the likelihood and the frequency of receiving funds. The persistent use of sequestration delays fiscal reform. ...
Has India emerged? Business cycle stylized facts from a
Has India emerged? Business cycle stylized facts from a

... In recent years, considerable research in the field of international business cycle has focused on documenting stylized features of business cycles and developing dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models – both of the RBC and New Keynesian type – to explain them. Traditionally, studies in this a ...
Eco 460: International Finance Administrivia Readings
Eco 460: International Finance Administrivia Readings

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Ease of doing business and distance to frontier
Ease of doing business and distance to frontier

... each economy’s performance across the different areas of business regulation covered by Doing Business. The figure draws attention to economies with a particularly uneven performance by showing the distance between the average of the highest 3 topic rankings and the average of the lowest 3 for each o ...
FROM STANDARD TO David I. Fand A RANDOM-WALK MONETARY
FROM STANDARD TO David I. Fand A RANDOM-WALK MONETARY

... revolution—increasing supply—throughout the world. Some have called it the green revolution, but it also has an impact on industrial products. Whether we have taught other people the newer technology, or the new technology has spread on its own, the fact remains that many commodities are currently a ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance

... results in deficits that are larger than what is socially optimal.’ In other words, large deficits may be a consequence of “fiscal sinning,” reflecting deficiencies in the political decision-making process rather than long-run optimal planning. In some countries, there are legal restrictions on the ...
The Postwar Conquest of the Home Ownership Dream
The Postwar Conquest of the Home Ownership Dream

... were the critical factor. In contrast to Yearn, Rosen and Rosen (1980) argue that federal tax policy was a key factor. They estimate that about one-fourth of the increase in home ownership between 1949 and 1974 was a result of bene…ts toward housing embedded in the personal income tax code. Hendersh ...
Inflation and Unemployment
Inflation and Unemployment

... To reduce Unemployment/recession: Expansionary Fiscal Policy / Deficit Budget When government collects less tax revenue but spends more on expenditure, G > T.  Therefore, it cause to a larger effects on real output.  Deficit Budget is implemented(dilaksanakan) to raise-up the economic activities. ...
AS-AD and the Business Cycle
AS-AD and the Business Cycle

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the economic impact of canada`s faculties of medicine and health
the economic impact of canada`s faculties of medicine and health

... providing more than three per cent of GDP. In addition to the significant impact of academic medicine, Canada’s faculties of medicine and their affiliated teaching hospitals generated more than $13.9 billion in total tax revenue through taxes (personal income, corporate income, property, payroll, co ...
Re-Targeting the Fed
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... the current recovery to the recovery from the other post-war recession that featured double-digit unemployment: the recession of the early 1980s. That recession was really two related slowdowns — one in the first six months of 1980, and then another in the 16 months from July 1981 to November 1982. ...
Sovereign Default, Inequality, and Progressive Taxation
Sovereign Default, Inequality, and Progressive Taxation

... asymmetry comes from an aggregation property that holds in this setting: more unequal economies can be described by a representative-agent, whose implied risk aversion endogenously increases with after-tax inequality, in particular for low levels of aggregate consumption. The main finding is explain ...
MAII Public Economics Title English.p65
MAII Public Economics Title English.p65

... dramatically in advanced countries. World War II is mainly responsible for its increase. In past, it was realised that the growth of public revenue was keeping pace with that of Government spending, but in recent decades expenditure have increased more than revenue due to deficit budget. Joseph E. S ...
View/Open
View/Open

... such as major changes in defense spending, can affect location of capital investment in ways that affect regional growth (Arthur, 1986). Migration decisions are also based on expectations about the future. Where external economies play a role, future returns also depend on the factor allocation dec ...
The Open Economy: Implications for Monetary and Fiscal Policy
The Open Economy: Implications for Monetary and Fiscal Policy

... in the latter of unilateral transfers and of government interest payments to the rest of the world. The most striking point is the extent to which the United States economy has, from the viewpoint of trade in goods and services, been closed. Even back into the nineteenth century, neither exports nor ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research

... in the latter of unilateral transfers and of government interest payments to the rest of the world. The most striking point is the extent to which the United States economy has, from the viewpoint of trade in goods and services, been closed. Even back into the nineteenth century, neither exports nor ...
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Wage-led versus profit-led demand regimes: The long and the short
Wage-led versus profit-led demand regimes: The long and the short

Exercise 6 (+additional question) in Mankiw:
Exercise 6 (+additional question) in Mankiw:

... Problem 6.1: Suppose that students look for part-time jobs. On average it takes 2 weeks to find a part-time job, and the part-time job lasts on average 12 weeks. A. Calculate the rate of job finding per week and the rate of job separation per week B: What is the natural rate of unemployment for this ...
PPT
PPT

... GDP has four components; an decrease in any of the four could cause a recession. Does it make any difference which component causes the recession? • Ed Leamer of UCLA: “housing is the business cycle”. • Recent research suggests that recessions caused by financial crises tend to be larger and more lo ...
Answers - Pearson-Global
Answers - Pearson-Global

... (a) The prices of CDs in Tamer’s shop have been falling recently. He has not been able to sell the CDs because people do not want to buy them. This is because many people prefer to download music from the internet and listen to it using an iPod. Tamer has lowered prices to encourage his customers to ...
PDF
PDF

... certain industries, such as manufacturing, as basic. Techniques that identify the level of basic activity within industries include location quotients, minimum requirements, and survey methods. Among these, techniques such as location quotients or minimum requirements offer a straightforward approac ...
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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
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