• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
graphical exposition of the solution
graphical exposition of the solution

... How do C, F, & O calculate GDP at Y=1100 ...
Thinking like an economist - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
Thinking like an economist - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges

... aggregate supply curve is shifted to the left. Once the economy recovers, it never catches up the lost economic growth. This is because capital equipment is scrapped as firms close. Workers become long-term unemployed, deskilled and demotivated, some never to work again. There is evidence that this ...
Economic Policy ALM Voiceover Script Slide 1: Economic Policy
Economic Policy ALM Voiceover Script Slide 1: Economic Policy

... Government seeks to influence the economy at each of these points in the cycle; however, there is a special policy in which the government can be limited, thus allowing the free market to improve on its own. This is sometimes referred to as supply-side economics. As you learned earlier, growth is be ...
Hoping Rationality And Leadership Win Out Over Politics
Hoping Rationality And Leadership Win Out Over Politics

Chapter 12 - Denton ISD
Chapter 12 - Denton ISD

... consumers, who are assumed to have a MPC C + I + G + (X - M) of 0.8, spend $80 billion more and save $20 ...
2014 Pre-Budget Briefing - Parliamentary Monitoring Group
2014 Pre-Budget Briefing - Parliamentary Monitoring Group

... Will the significant infrastructure allocations be maintained if growth slows further? Which programmes have been sacrificed to meet the budget deficit targets? ...
Haití_en.pdf
Haití_en.pdf

... financed with contributions from international organizations— the deficit was as much as 6.7% of GDP (up from 4.8% in 2012). The guidelines set out in both the framework agreement with the IMF and the Finance Act (budget law) guidelines were overtaken by events as they were responsible for the stagn ...
Presentation to the Portland Business Journal CFO of the Year... Portland, Oregon
Presentation to the Portland Business Journal CFO of the Year... Portland, Oregon

... 1½ percent of gross domestic product every year for the three years ending in 2015, according to the Congressional Budget Office. The United States is not the only country going through a period of budgetary restraint. In Europe, government spending has grown much slower than in other recent recover ...
Y BRIEFS MPFD POLIC
Y BRIEFS MPFD POLIC

... improve the well-being of older persons while keeping government debt at manageable levels.3 In 2015, the Government of China abolished the one-child policy and removed the dual-track urban pension system under which government employees were exempted from making pension contributions. In Japan, rec ...
95-98
95-98

... distort the wrong economic stability, fluctuations in income may arise Essen, but tolerable level of unemployment and inflation will be very low. On the other hand, there is no belief to monetary and fiscal policies that seek state intervention in economic affairs. Since Keynesians considered privat ...
CHAPTER 15
CHAPTER 15

... 2. The main argument for Fed independence is that monetary policy is too important to be determined by politicians. Because elections occur frequently, politicians may be mainly concerned with the short-run benefits rather than the long-run costs of their economic policies. Supporters of the Fed’s i ...
savings: a macro perpespetcive - South African Savings Institute
savings: a macro perpespetcive - South African Savings Institute

... and economic delivery  Poor growth ...
SAVINGS: A MACRO PERPESPETCIVE
SAVINGS: A MACRO PERPESPETCIVE

... and economic delivery  Poor growth ...
Answer the following questions on business organizations
Answer the following questions on business organizations

... 4. What are resources and how do they relate to goods and services, and scarcity? 5. What is economics? 6. What is opportunity cost? How is it different from a trade-off? 7. What are the three basic economic questions? 8. What are the four factors of production? What is the payment for each? 9. What ...
That Was Then Joseph E Stiglitz. The American Prospect, Feb 2004
That Was Then Joseph E Stiglitz. The American Prospect, Feb 2004

AS & AD - Vincent Hogan
AS & AD - Vincent Hogan

... • Monetary Policy: An expansion of Ms, leading to a real expansion of (Ms/P) will boost Aggregate Demand, via lower interest rates. This is depicted as a shift in the AD curve. • Later we will see that if there is an inflationary result, this will further lower the real interest rate (= nominal int ...
The Government Budget and The National Debt
The Government Budget and The National Debt

... 1) Reduced Infla)onary Pressures:The government is withdrawing more money from the economy than it is punng in. This tends to have a defla
Should Transportation Spending be included in a Stimulus Program?
Should Transportation Spending be included in a Stimulus Program?

... spending can be magnified compared to normal times when interest rates are positive. In normal times, any rise in actual or expected inflation resulting from increased government spending will cause the central bank to increase real interest rates which will act as a brake on economic activity. Howe ...
Spring 2015 TEST 2 w/o solution
Spring 2015 TEST 2 w/o solution

... 14. (Figure: Technological Progress and Productivity Growth) If there is a significant increase in human capital per worker (all other factors remaining unchanged), it would be best indicated by a move from: A) B to C. B) A to B. C) B to A. D) C to B. ...
A Simple Guide to "Secular Stagnation" Since its cyclical peak in
A Simple Guide to "Secular Stagnation" Since its cyclical peak in

... “hardware”) may be declining, reducing investment outlays relative to savings. Third, increased risk (or awareness of risk) following the financial crisis might be encouraging greater caution among providers and users of funds. Finally, the rise of income inequality could be shifting income to high- ...
the condition of our nation - Texas Public Policy Foundation
the condition of our nation - Texas Public Policy Foundation

... unfortunately causes prices to rise. As we’ll see below, these beliefs—supported by the Phillips Curve—are exactly backwards. The Phillips Curve concept originated with an empirical study published in the academic journal Economica by A.W. Phillips in 1958.* Phillips analyzed U.K. wage changes and u ...
A Normative Audit of America`s Economic Policy Debate
A Normative Audit of America`s Economic Policy Debate

... Arthur Laffer, who said it was insufficient supply that resulted in inflation and economic stagnation. The prime cause was a governmental wedge that interfered with the free market's incentives to work, invest and produce, and produced ever-increasing level of taxation, government regulation and spe ...
Economic Update
Economic Update

... Total profits of finance sector linked to generic global conditions, idiosyncratic local factors impossible to determine without hindsight ...
PANEL
PANEL

... were eliminated by the surcharge. Hence, we got no visible effect from the surcharge. In conditions of unemployment, that might not have worked. By the same token, with the banking system in the position it is, there is very little difference between money, broadly defined, and credit. That is, the ...
AP Macro Economics - Spring Branch ISD
AP Macro Economics - Spring Branch ISD

...  Cyclical unemployment (deficient-demand unemployment) – Caused by a decline in total spending (common in recessionary phase). As demand for goods and services falls, employment falls and unemployment rises. 45. Define “Okun’s Law.” (pg 143)  For every 1 percentage point by which the actual unempl ...
< 1 ... 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 ... 580 >

Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report