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CEQ Fiscal Policy and Redistribution in Latin America
CEQ Fiscal Policy and Redistribution in Latin America

... headcount ratio for extreme poverty is between 13 and 15 percent. In Bolivia is above 20 percent. • Argentina’s fiscal policy reduces extreme poverty the most both in relative and absolute terms. Direct cash transfers in Argentina reduce extreme poverty by a staggering 63 percent; after direct trans ...
Bank of England Inflation Report February 2011
Bank of England Inflation Report February 2011

... Sources: CBI, Consensus Economics, Dow Jones Factiva, GfK NOP on behalf of the European Commission, ONS, Thomson Reuters Datastream and Bank calculations. (a) Range includes: CBI measures of demand uncertainty as a factor likely to limit capital expenditure for manufacturing and business/consumer se ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES U.S. BUDGET DEFICITS AND RESOLVING THE POLITICAL ECONOMY PUZZLE
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES U.S. BUDGET DEFICITS AND RESOLVING THE POLITICAL ECONOMY PUZZLE

... right. The Bundesbank pursued a tight money policy aimed at limiting this shift and, to the extent that the shift could not be prevented, at moving along the Phillips curve to achieve lower inflation than would otherwise occur but at the cost of higher unemployment. ...
If, When, How: A Primer on Fiscal Stimulus
If, When, How: A Primer on Fiscal Stimulus

... employment insurance that help buttress their income. Such automatic stabilizers are quantitatively important at the federal level. Alan Auerbach and Dan Feenberg (2000) estimate that reduced income and payroll tax collection would offset about 8 percent of any decline in GDP. In addition, as Peter ...
DOC, 90 Kb
DOC, 90 Kb

... Examples of monetary policy rules. (DFS Ch.16-17; B Ch.17,23-26; M Ch.4,14-15) Further reading Alesina A., The political economy of the budget surplus in the United States, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), pp.3-19, 2000. Bernanke B.S., F.S.Mishkin, Inflation targeting: a new framework for mo ...
Chapter 23 - McGraw
Chapter 23 - McGraw

... collapse lowered borrower net worth • In addition, with borrowers unable to repay, banks had virtually no capital and could not make additional loans. ...
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sdvfaskldnfglkasdnffgknafkgnkfn

... Translators • Translators are green in some aspects of their lives and grey in others. They do not necessarily think about sustainability in a holistic way. Not motivated by a political agenda but by a sense of trying to do what they perceive to be the right thing. • If they are made aware of a con ...
Santanomics: The economics of the festive season
Santanomics: The economics of the festive season

... exception of the Indian indicator which refers to the Wholesale Price Index (WPI). Argentina's inflation projections use the IPCNu Index released by INDEC which is based in the fourth quarter of 2013 (therefore we do not provide a 2013 estimate). We will provide a 2016-2020 inflation projection once ...
Fiscal Policy in a Currency Union at the Zero Lower Bound ∗
Fiscal Policy in a Currency Union at the Zero Lower Bound ∗

... We identify these results by characterizing social welfare as a second order approximation to the utility of the residents of the currency union. We focus on demand shocks which can move inflation and the output gap in the same direction. Thus, there is no direct trade-off between stabilizing the two ...
Final - Wofford
Final - Wofford

Summary of IS-LM
Summary of IS-LM

Examination Aids allowed
Examination Aids allowed

... thus to the equilibrium Y and i if the monetary authorities are engaged in the ‘interest rate pegging policy’ in response to the aforementioned ‘random increase in real money demand’. Assume that the IS curve is downward sloping. Clearly indicate whether the authorities should either increase or dec ...
Fiscal policy
Fiscal policy

... Automatic Stabilizers vs Discretionary Fiscal Policy Automatic stabilizers Government spending and taxes that automatically increase or decrease along with the ...
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Strategy and Force Planning in a Time of Austerity

... with the Budget Control Act of 2011, which prescribed sequestration. Sequestration was viewed as so draconian and antistrategic that it would force political leaders to compromise, but it failed to do so. As a result, the Nation ...
Reforming Government in Industrial Countries
Reforming Government in Industrial Countries

... the growth of public spending. For the period up to 1960, a reasonable claim can be made that the increased public spending on education, health, training, and other social programs led to measurable improvements in social indicators. Though the evidence is limited, various government performance in ...
Can South Africa Afford to Become Africa`s First Welfare State?
Can South Africa Afford to Become Africa`s First Welfare State?

... support the grant. One scenario suggests that the government increase sales taxes in order to raise the necessary revenue (Taylor, 2002). The BIG Coalition estimates that an increase in sales taxes by 2 percentage points, from its current book rate of 14 percent, should be sufficient to cover the ad ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING, INTEREST RATES, PRICES, AND BUDGET DEFICITS
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES GOVERNMENT SPENDING, INTEREST RATES, PRICES, AND BUDGET DEFICITS

... 390—91, 396—99). The figures combine the items for army, navy and ordnance, and for expenditures on special expeditions and votes of credit. The dating of expenditures refers to disbursements rather than orders (see Benjamin and Kochin, 1984, p. 602, n.6). For 172i)-51 the fiscal-year data ended Sep ...
Tonya Blevins, ECO2072 Summer 2011 Case Study: The
Tonya Blevins, ECO2072 Summer 2011 Case Study: The

... incomes decreases, along with other forms of distress to include: bankruptcy and unemployment. GDP relates to economics because statistics show that countries with a larger GDP tend to have a better way of life. In short, GDP is the measure of all goods and services produced in the nation during a g ...
The Money Supply and the Federal Reserve System
The Money Supply and the Federal Reserve System

...  42) Refer to Figure 12.7. What is the multiplier in this economy?  A) 2 ...
Balanced Budget Amendment Proposal Is Extreme by International
Balanced Budget Amendment Proposal Is Extreme by International

... — and certainly not one as draconian as the proposed balanced budget amendment — would by itself produce sound fiscal policy. Such rules cannot replace or force difficult political decisions about fiscal and economic priorities. And even fiscal rules that are far more moderate than the proposed bala ...
Rational Expectations: An Econometric Investigation Paul Scanlon – Junior Sophister
Rational Expectations: An Econometric Investigation Paul Scanlon – Junior Sophister

... save to smooth out permanent income and offset the greater future tax liability. Barro has argued that the actual financing of the government deficit (either through government bonds or taxes) is irrelevant. The perspicacious consumer with reasonable foresight will easily discern that a bond finance ...
IB Economics Revision Workbook
IB Economics Revision Workbook

... a. the tax burden/incidence of tax for producers b. the tax burden/incidence of tax for consumers How would this change if the product became: 1. more elastic: 2. more inelastic: --Define a subsidy: ...
Final
Final

... Friedman and Phelps predicted that, over time, people would come to expect the higher inflation, so the short-run Phillips curve would shift right (up). When this happened, unemployment would go back to its natural rate, but inflation would be higher (this is the natural-rate hypothesis). The behavi ...
Annual Budget Process - Parliamentary Monitoring Group
Annual Budget Process - Parliamentary Monitoring Group

... – Countercyclical fiscal policy response to global economic crisis resulted in large budget deficit – Deficit remained persistently high as revenue & growth forecasts were repeatedly revised downwards – Deficit was expected to narrow from 4 % of GDP in 2013/14 to 2.8 % of GDP in 2016/17; assuming th ...
The Government Spending Multiplier in a Deep Recession
The Government Spending Multiplier in a Deep Recession

... there is a large pool of unemployed people in a recession, firms do not have to post many vacancies to recruit in order to meet the increase in aggregate demand coming from government spending. As a result, employment (and GDP) effects of fiscal policy are going to be higher in a recession. What is ...
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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
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