The Impact of Terrorism and Conflicts on Growth in Asia, 1970-2004
... groups in order to obtain a political or social objective through the intimidation of a large audience beyond that of the immediate victims. Terrorists try to circumvent the democratic process by extorting concessions through the pressures that a targeted citizenry may bring on its government to end ...
... groups in order to obtain a political or social objective through the intimidation of a large audience beyond that of the immediate victims. Terrorists try to circumvent the democratic process by extorting concessions through the pressures that a targeted citizenry may bring on its government to end ...
View/Open
... and discussions are made in section three. The final section summarizes the important findings and policy options. 1.1 Nature of Sampled Informal Sectors in Bangladesh Vendors offer goods and services for sale to the consumer in small roadside stands, public transit hubs and stalls that are easily a ...
... and discussions are made in section three. The final section summarizes the important findings and policy options. 1.1 Nature of Sampled Informal Sectors in Bangladesh Vendors offer goods and services for sale to the consumer in small roadside stands, public transit hubs and stalls that are easily a ...
Interjurisdiction Political Competition and Fiscal Extraction in China
... political economy literature (Oates 1972; Wibbels and Arce 2003), yet the overall fiscal revenue in China has been increasing much faster than the GDP since 1994. Current theories concerning government fiscal extraction cannot fully explain the subnational variation in China because they often trea ...
... political economy literature (Oates 1972; Wibbels and Arce 2003), yet the overall fiscal revenue in China has been increasing much faster than the GDP since 1994. Current theories concerning government fiscal extraction cannot fully explain the subnational variation in China because they often trea ...
A Federal Fiscal History: Canada, 1867–2017
... welfare state in the era after World War II. Then, particularly since the 1960s, there has been the devolution of the responsibility for taxing and expenditure to the provinces. This decentralization of spending within the Canadian federation parallels the federal government’s evolution towards a tr ...
... welfare state in the era after World War II. Then, particularly since the 1960s, there has been the devolution of the responsibility for taxing and expenditure to the provinces. This decentralization of spending within the Canadian federation parallels the federal government’s evolution towards a tr ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES USING MONETARY CONTROL 10 DAMPEN THE
... stabilize nominal GNP growth. Nevertheless, monetary mischief was partially responsible for the poor macroeconomic outcome of the past 15 ...
... stabilize nominal GNP growth. Nevertheless, monetary mischief was partially responsible for the poor macroeconomic outcome of the past 15 ...
Estimation of Money Demand Function for Selected
... nature of modeling. In particular, the thesis uses annual data about real money demand (M2/P), nominal interest rate (INT), real gross domestic product (GDP) and financial development (G) to estimate the income and interest rate elasticity of money demand for this sample of countries. In this study ...
... nature of modeling. In particular, the thesis uses annual data about real money demand (M2/P), nominal interest rate (INT), real gross domestic product (GDP) and financial development (G) to estimate the income and interest rate elasticity of money demand for this sample of countries. In this study ...
The Gini Index, Pietra Ratio and Mean Division
... century. However, there is no consensus within academia regarding how to define a group of people as relatively low income, nor is it clear how a relatively low income segment of the population fares as an economy grows. Income inequality can be described by different dimensions and measurements, an ...
... century. However, there is no consensus within academia regarding how to define a group of people as relatively low income, nor is it clear how a relatively low income segment of the population fares as an economy grows. Income inequality can be described by different dimensions and measurements, an ...
Inflation Features
... 10. Causes an increase in tax bracket (people will be taxed a higher percentage if their income increases following an inflation increase). 11. Causes mal-investment (in inflation times, the data given about an investment is often deceptive and unreliable, therefore causing losses in investments). 1 ...
... 10. Causes an increase in tax bracket (people will be taxed a higher percentage if their income increases following an inflation increase). 11. Causes mal-investment (in inflation times, the data given about an investment is often deceptive and unreliable, therefore causing losses in investments). 1 ...
Draft Dynamics of Growth-Inequality Nexus in China
... dataset covering 29 provinces in China and spanning the period from 1988 to 2007, and compares the earlier period (1988-1997) and the later period (1998-2007) to analyze the changing determinants and relationship. The followings are important findings. Economic growth in China is primarily fixed inv ...
... dataset covering 29 provinces in China and spanning the period from 1988 to 2007, and compares the earlier period (1988-1997) and the later period (1998-2007) to analyze the changing determinants and relationship. The followings are important findings. Economic growth in China is primarily fixed inv ...
Forest Economics
... may a&ct the level of subsistence activity. h light of these d i f b b s , the effixt of including the subsistence sector on the forest industry dependence measure is illustrated in a case study using recently coUected data on subsistence activity from the cormnuaity of Waterhen, Saskatchewan. This ...
... may a&ct the level of subsistence activity. h light of these d i f b b s , the effixt of including the subsistence sector on the forest industry dependence measure is illustrated in a case study using recently coUected data on subsistence activity from the cormnuaity of Waterhen, Saskatchewan. This ...
Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a Liquidity Trap:
... of interest significantly deviates from a normal level. This is as if a central bank “borrows” future monetary easing in the periods when current monetary easing is exhausted. This idea of borrowing future easing has been discussed not only in the academic arena, but also in the policy-making proces ...
... of interest significantly deviates from a normal level. This is as if a central bank “borrows” future monetary easing in the periods when current monetary easing is exhausted. This idea of borrowing future easing has been discussed not only in the academic arena, but also in the policy-making proces ...
The Monetary and Fiscal History of Latin America: Brazil M´ arcio Garcia
... cruzados, based on the average purchasing power of the last six months, but could be readjusted every time inflation hit 20% or during the annual readjustment cycle. Moreover, unemployment benefits were introduced. The minimum wage got an 8% raise on top of its normal inflation correction. Besides t ...
... cruzados, based on the average purchasing power of the last six months, but could be readjusted every time inflation hit 20% or during the annual readjustment cycle. Moreover, unemployment benefits were introduced. The minimum wage got an 8% raise on top of its normal inflation correction. Besides t ...
Public Pensions: To What Extent Do They Account for Swedish
... This paper investigates to what extent Sweden’s redistributive public pension scheme can account for the big difference between the degree of inequality in its income and its wealth distribution. Our reason for focusing on the public pension scheme is the following. Wealth inequality in Sweden is, t ...
... This paper investigates to what extent Sweden’s redistributive public pension scheme can account for the big difference between the degree of inequality in its income and its wealth distribution. Our reason for focusing on the public pension scheme is the following. Wealth inequality in Sweden is, t ...
A Review of the Ghanaian Economy Report 2013-2014
... legal, social and political institution as necessary conditions for sustained economic growth and human development. The IEA supports research, and promotes and publishes studies on important economic, socio-political and legal issues in order to enhance understanding of public policy. Further infor ...
... legal, social and political institution as necessary conditions for sustained economic growth and human development. The IEA supports research, and promotes and publishes studies on important economic, socio-political and legal issues in order to enhance understanding of public policy. Further infor ...
ceylon mudenda: ud3426bec
... environment, (and) our failure in the combat against crime and drugs”…. are too large”. While debt, resulting from borrowing to cover the deficit has it’s own challenges, as we will see later during this study, other scholars, do not see any problem with running a budget deficit if the expenditure c ...
... environment, (and) our failure in the combat against crime and drugs”…. are too large”. While debt, resulting from borrowing to cover the deficit has it’s own challenges, as we will see later during this study, other scholars, do not see any problem with running a budget deficit if the expenditure c ...
An impact analysis of climate change and adaptation policies
... absence of export taxes which are used in the province of Quebec and they also omit to use a world demand for forest products with a finite elasticity. Hence, in their model, producers are faced with an infinite world demand for their goods. In Quebec, regulation prevents exporting non transformed t ...
... absence of export taxes which are used in the province of Quebec and they also omit to use a world demand for forest products with a finite elasticity. Hence, in their model, producers are faced with an infinite world demand for their goods. In Quebec, regulation prevents exporting non transformed t ...
Stylised Facts for New Zealand Business Cycles
... The stylised facts approach can be traced back at least as far as Lucas (1997, p 10) who stated that “with respect to the qualitative behaviour of co-movements among [economic time] series, business cycles are all alike”. This claim implied the possibility of a unified explanation of business cycles ...
... The stylised facts approach can be traced back at least as far as Lucas (1997, p 10) who stated that “with respect to the qualitative behaviour of co-movements among [economic time] series, business cycles are all alike”. This claim implied the possibility of a unified explanation of business cycles ...
Quantitative Easing in Joseph`s Egypt with Keynesian Producers
... Christiano, Eichenbaum, and Rebelo (2011) quantitatively examined the government spending multiplier under the common assumptions that an interest-rate rule satisfying the Taylor principle governs the nominal interest rate (subject to the zero-lower-bound) and that equilibrium sequences converge to ...
... Christiano, Eichenbaum, and Rebelo (2011) quantitatively examined the government spending multiplier under the common assumptions that an interest-rate rule satisfying the Taylor principle governs the nominal interest rate (subject to the zero-lower-bound) and that equilibrium sequences converge to ...
Optimum Currency Area Theory and EMU
... Chapter four then applies OCA theory to examine developments in the Eurozone since 1999. This is done under the three broad OCA categories of symmetry, flexibility and openness. It is found that a single monetary policy combined with financial market integration exacerbated asymmetries between membe ...
... Chapter four then applies OCA theory to examine developments in the Eurozone since 1999. This is done under the three broad OCA categories of symmetry, flexibility and openness. It is found that a single monetary policy combined with financial market integration exacerbated asymmetries between membe ...
Alternative measures of well-being
... Social indicators aim to provide information on well-being beyond that conveyed by conventional economic measures.1 While the level and change in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita have long been used as the main yardstick for measuring and comparing living standards across countries, policy ma ...
... Social indicators aim to provide information on well-being beyond that conveyed by conventional economic measures.1 While the level and change in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita have long been used as the main yardstick for measuring and comparing living standards across countries, policy ma ...