Measuring the Economy*s Performance By J. A. Sacco
... Plus government and business transfer payments ...
... Plus government and business transfer payments ...
The underground economy is a general name for many kinds of
... services. Statistics Canada is not particularly interested in activity that does not give rise to final product. Yet crime can occur throughout the stages of production. Flea markets and sales of second hand goods do not appear in the national accounts, but their magnitudes may well be of significan ...
... services. Statistics Canada is not particularly interested in activity that does not give rise to final product. Yet crime can occur throughout the stages of production. Flea markets and sales of second hand goods do not appear in the national accounts, but their magnitudes may well be of significan ...
the influence of direct democracy on the shadow economy
... cannot be taxed. The revenues of the public sector can be used to provide both productive public services and rents to politicians. The politician has to decide the level of taxation, provision of public services and rents under the risk that citizens will promote a referendum to reject the reformed ...
... cannot be taxed. The revenues of the public sector can be used to provide both productive public services and rents to politicians. The politician has to decide the level of taxation, provision of public services and rents under the risk that citizens will promote a referendum to reject the reformed ...
a shrinking universe - Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
... This political economy ran into practical and theoretical difficulties and was gradually superseded by another political economy — neoliberal globalization — which began to take shape in the late-1970s and has continually developed into the present. The political economy of the Keynesian welfare sta ...
... This political economy ran into practical and theoretical difficulties and was gradually superseded by another political economy — neoliberal globalization — which began to take shape in the late-1970s and has continually developed into the present. The political economy of the Keynesian welfare sta ...
I Balanced Budget Legislation for Manitoba: Principles and Prospects I. I
... the Manitoba FSF has evolved in relation to total government revenue since its inception. Since the FSF is intended to “smooth out” revenue fluctuations, Figure 1 summarizes the state of this account as a proportion of revenues. From an initial deposit of 3.3% of revenues in 1989, the account has fl ...
... the Manitoba FSF has evolved in relation to total government revenue since its inception. Since the FSF is intended to “smooth out” revenue fluctuations, Figure 1 summarizes the state of this account as a proportion of revenues. From an initial deposit of 3.3% of revenues in 1989, the account has fl ...
Monetary Policy - Central Bank of Nigeria
... ability of the deposit money banks to grant further credit. The primary objective of monetary policy is the realization of stable non-inflationary growth. This gives the citizens confidence in the future value of their money, so that they can make sound economic and financial decisions. Low and stab ...
... ability of the deposit money banks to grant further credit. The primary objective of monetary policy is the realization of stable non-inflationary growth. This gives the citizens confidence in the future value of their money, so that they can make sound economic and financial decisions. Low and stab ...
Textbook of Economics
... students study economics at colleges rather than at universities so that they need less profound knowledge. Second, the book is written in simple English, as I am not a native speaker of English myself. This can be an advantage for foreign students whose mother tongue is different from English. Thir ...
... students study economics at colleges rather than at universities so that they need less profound knowledge. Second, the book is written in simple English, as I am not a native speaker of English myself. This can be an advantage for foreign students whose mother tongue is different from English. Thir ...
MacroLab Documentation - BORA
... improving undergraduates’ learning of macroeconomics. Various adaptations of the feedback method have been tested in controlled experiments, and the results described in papers 2-5 are promising, measured in terms of student preference and performance. Each simple feedback model used in the experime ...
... improving undergraduates’ learning of macroeconomics. Various adaptations of the feedback method have been tested in controlled experiments, and the results described in papers 2-5 are promising, measured in terms of student preference and performance. Each simple feedback model used in the experime ...
Union Government Finances and Accounts: 2007-08
... deficit, respectively, stipulated per year under the FRBM Rules, 2004. Furthermore, the Finance Accounts showed primary surplus of Rs. 15025 crore (which was, however, only 0.32 per cent of GDP) from the huge deficit of Rs. 28654 crore in 2006-07 reflecting containment of non-interest expenditure be ...
... deficit, respectively, stipulated per year under the FRBM Rules, 2004. Furthermore, the Finance Accounts showed primary surplus of Rs. 15025 crore (which was, however, only 0.32 per cent of GDP) from the huge deficit of Rs. 28654 crore in 2006-07 reflecting containment of non-interest expenditure be ...
The 1920s and the 1990s in Mutual Reflection
... Perhaps the most intriguing similarity of the two decades was the run-up in stock market prices towards the end of each period, see line 20. For the two decades as a whole, stock price appreciation in the 1920s was much slower (9.9 percent) than in the 1990s (14.5 percent). This reflects in part the ...
... Perhaps the most intriguing similarity of the two decades was the run-up in stock market prices towards the end of each period, see line 20. For the two decades as a whole, stock price appreciation in the 1920s was much slower (9.9 percent) than in the 1990s (14.5 percent). This reflects in part the ...
B g
... supply leads, when the labor market clears, to a lower quantity of labor, (L2). The reduced labor input leads to a decrease in year 2’s real GDP, Y2. ...
... supply leads, when the labor market clears, to a lower quantity of labor, (L2). The reduced labor input leads to a decrease in year 2’s real GDP, Y2. ...
T C A B
... interested in minimizing losses from forgone income, it may make more sense to explain the Great Depression than to worry about other, smaller fluctuations in output. Policies that avoid similar catastrophes may be more important than policies that fine-tune the economy. The literature on the Great ...
... interested in minimizing losses from forgone income, it may make more sense to explain the Great Depression than to worry about other, smaller fluctuations in output. Policies that avoid similar catastrophes may be more important than policies that fine-tune the economy. The literature on the Great ...
Optimal Monetary Policy when Information is - HEC Lausanne
... Using a model with imperfectly competitive price-setters, exible prices and a central bank that maximizes social welfare and receives a - possibly noisy - private signal on the state of fundamentals, we show that the nature of the signals received by price-setters dramatically aects the way in whi ...
... Using a model with imperfectly competitive price-setters, exible prices and a central bank that maximizes social welfare and receives a - possibly noisy - private signal on the state of fundamentals, we show that the nature of the signals received by price-setters dramatically aects the way in whi ...
Sectoral Analysis
... toward the end of the month. During the interim period you are faced with two choices: you can hold your income either in deposits which pay the interest rate i(in fractional terms) or in money or cash that does not carry any pecuniary returns. Suppose you deposit the entire monthly income with a ba ...
... toward the end of the month. During the interim period you are faced with two choices: you can hold your income either in deposits which pay the interest rate i(in fractional terms) or in money or cash that does not carry any pecuniary returns. Suppose you deposit the entire monthly income with a ba ...
Vol. 19, No. 2, December 2012
... Due to climate change, some sectors of the economy may grow faster in comparison to the others and at the same time, the size and composition of some countries’ gross domestic product (GDP) may change. Climate change also affects the long-term growth potential of the country. Furthermore, the effect ...
... Due to climate change, some sectors of the economy may grow faster in comparison to the others and at the same time, the size and composition of some countries’ gross domestic product (GDP) may change. Climate change also affects the long-term growth potential of the country. Furthermore, the effect ...
A recent scholarly publication by economists from West
... sector.9 “This indicates that Wal-Mart seems to displace other retail establishments, but also serves to stimulate the overall development of the retail sector that leads to an overall positive impact (in terms of retail employment) for counties in which Wal-Mart has expanded.”10 Sobel and Dean conc ...
... sector.9 “This indicates that Wal-Mart seems to displace other retail establishments, but also serves to stimulate the overall development of the retail sector that leads to an overall positive impact (in terms of retail employment) for counties in which Wal-Mart has expanded.”10 Sobel and Dean conc ...
JRS 2009
... In methodological terms, we seek to emphasize the interconnectedness of wages, prices, élite wealth, and per capita GDP. It is true of all societies that these variables do not operate independently of each other: our estimates for one necessarily limit the possible values the others may have. This ...
... In methodological terms, we seek to emphasize the interconnectedness of wages, prices, élite wealth, and per capita GDP. It is true of all societies that these variables do not operate independently of each other: our estimates for one necessarily limit the possible values the others may have. This ...
Output, Business Cycles, and Employment
... activity in terms of aggregate expenditures, outputs, and incomes. But they do not explain the level of economic activity and prices or the reasons for changes in output and prices from time to time. For that we need an analytical framework that looks at cause and effect. An aggregate demand (AD) an ...
... activity in terms of aggregate expenditures, outputs, and incomes. But they do not explain the level of economic activity and prices or the reasons for changes in output and prices from time to time. For that we need an analytical framework that looks at cause and effect. An aggregate demand (AD) an ...
Grundzüge Mikroökonomik Arbeitsunterlage 4: Grundlagen der
... until Keynesian policy started to fail in the 70s in the face of supply side shocks. This epoch was a kind of “ the return of Hayek”. ...
... until Keynesian policy started to fail in the 70s in the face of supply side shocks. This epoch was a kind of “ the return of Hayek”. ...
Monetary Theory and Monetary Policy: Reflections on the
... adopted by Wieser (1927), had no lasting impact on monetary theory, his analysis of the detrimental effect of the influence of the government on the value of money was validated since time and again. His conclusion is short and strict: “Sound money still means what it meant in the nineteenth century ...
... adopted by Wieser (1927), had no lasting impact on monetary theory, his analysis of the detrimental effect of the influence of the government on the value of money was validated since time and again. His conclusion is short and strict: “Sound money still means what it meant in the nineteenth century ...
short-run aggregate supply curve
... in the face of high unemployment and slow to rise even in the face of labor shortages. ...
... in the face of high unemployment and slow to rise even in the face of labor shortages. ...
Say`s Law - Wake Forest University
... in aggregate demand. It is important to note that Keynes is not simply making the point that the hoarding of money brings a reduction in the aggregate demand for goods. That point, it could be argued, was well understood by the ‘‘classics’’, albeit as a theoretical limiting case of little practical ...
... in aggregate demand. It is important to note that Keynes is not simply making the point that the hoarding of money brings a reduction in the aggregate demand for goods. That point, it could be argued, was well understood by the ‘‘classics’’, albeit as a theoretical limiting case of little practical ...
Evidence from the Classical Gold Standard
... classical gold standard. The period was characterized by two decades of secular deflation, followed by two decades of secular inflation. This early price level experience should be of great contemporary interest because most advanced countries have returned to an environment of price stability not t ...
... classical gold standard. The period was characterized by two decades of secular deflation, followed by two decades of secular inflation. This early price level experience should be of great contemporary interest because most advanced countries have returned to an environment of price stability not t ...
A Federal Fiscal History: Canada, 1867–2017
... welfare state in the era after World War II. Then, particularly since the 1960s, there has been the devolution of the responsibility for taxing and expenditure to the provinces. This decentralization of spending within the Canadian federation parallels the federal government’s evolution towards a tr ...
... welfare state in the era after World War II. Then, particularly since the 1960s, there has been the devolution of the responsibility for taxing and expenditure to the provinces. This decentralization of spending within the Canadian federation parallels the federal government’s evolution towards a tr ...