The Automatic Stabilizing Effects of Social Security and 401(k) Plans
... program. However, we do not have state level disability information to test this prediction. Many economists once believed that Medicare benefits should not be related to the business cycle at all because expenditures depend on the number of eligible participants and the cost of medical services. Ho ...
... program. However, we do not have state level disability information to test this prediction. Many economists once believed that Medicare benefits should not be related to the business cycle at all because expenditures depend on the number of eligible participants and the cost of medical services. Ho ...
T Can We Determine the Optimal Size of Government? Executive Summary
... lasting impact primarily on the level of economic activity, not the growth rate.3 Differences in growth rates between two countries tend to be transitory. Longer-term growth trends are largely a function of worldwide technological advance. Hard as it is to believe, poor countries, on average, grow a ...
... lasting impact primarily on the level of economic activity, not the growth rate.3 Differences in growth rates between two countries tend to be transitory. Longer-term growth trends are largely a function of worldwide technological advance. Hard as it is to believe, poor countries, on average, grow a ...
slides - Mathieu Taschereau
... auto manufacturing explained by shiftwork, Saturday work and intermittent production (Bresnahan and Ramey, 1994) ...
... auto manufacturing explained by shiftwork, Saturday work and intermittent production (Bresnahan and Ramey, 1994) ...
The Positive Externality of Basic Income in a Capitalist Economy
... doesn't find employment, therefore, it is not remunerated and it cannot exercise the consumption of any merchandise. The reduction of the consumption due to the unemployment of the labor will provoke the reduction of the joined demand and of the effective demand. That consumption reduction is a gre ...
... doesn't find employment, therefore, it is not remunerated and it cannot exercise the consumption of any merchandise. The reduction of the consumption due to the unemployment of the labor will provoke the reduction of the joined demand and of the effective demand. That consumption reduction is a gre ...
CEPR responds to the IMF’s defense Mark Weisbrot
... “Deficits were allowed to rise in response to falling revenues and, in cases where domestic and external financing was lacking, this was facilitated by channeling Fund resources directly to the budget. In many instances, however, underlying concerns about debt sustainability and weak structural fisc ...
... “Deficits were allowed to rise in response to falling revenues and, in cases where domestic and external financing was lacking, this was facilitated by channeling Fund resources directly to the budget. In many instances, however, underlying concerns about debt sustainability and weak structural fisc ...
Department of Land Economy
... (ΔY/ ΔG) = 1/(1- c1) (ΔY/ ΔT) = [- c1/(1- c1)] (ΔY/ ΔG) + (ΔY/ ΔT) = 1/(1- c1) + [- c1/(1c1)] = (1- c1)/(1- c1) = 1 i.e. balanced budget multiplier. Department of Land Economy ...
... (ΔY/ ΔG) = 1/(1- c1) (ΔY/ ΔT) = [- c1/(1- c1)] (ΔY/ ΔG) + (ΔY/ ΔT) = 1/(1- c1) + [- c1/(1c1)] = (1- c1)/(1- c1) = 1 i.e. balanced budget multiplier. Department of Land Economy ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ESTIMATED MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF DEFICIT TARGETING
... Consider some event that lowers the sales of the firm sector. This lowers production, which in turn lowers investment and employment. Lower employment implies a decrease in labor market tightness, which implies an increase in the labor constraint variable, which in turn leads to lower consumption. L ...
... Consider some event that lowers the sales of the firm sector. This lowers production, which in turn lowers investment and employment. Lower employment implies a decrease in labor market tightness, which implies an increase in the labor constraint variable, which in turn leads to lower consumption. L ...
Diapositive 1
... indirect taxes minus subsidies Taxes such as sales taxes, customs duties, and license fees less subsidies that the government pays for which it receives no goods or services in return. ...
... indirect taxes minus subsidies Taxes such as sales taxes, customs duties, and license fees less subsidies that the government pays for which it receives no goods or services in return. ...
Global Economic Outlook 2017-2021: The All-Too
... with diverging economic growth rates within the eurozone, these economic indicators mean that the ECB may begin to normalize monetary policy sooner than currently expected. The BOE is facing a delicate situation in the wake of the Brexit referendum. In the aftermath of the vote, the BOE lowered inte ...
... with diverging economic growth rates within the eurozone, these economic indicators mean that the ECB may begin to normalize monetary policy sooner than currently expected. The BOE is facing a delicate situation in the wake of the Brexit referendum. In the aftermath of the vote, the BOE lowered inte ...
Sustainable budgets and security for older Australians
... • Better targeting of age pensions, superannuation, and asset taxation dominate the ...
... • Better targeting of age pensions, superannuation, and asset taxation dominate the ...
The Tools of Monetary Policy
... Decreasing the discount rate decreases the cost of borrowed funds for depository institutions that borrow reserves ...
... Decreasing the discount rate decreases the cost of borrowed funds for depository institutions that borrow reserves ...
Macroeconomic Analysis Econ 6022
... - fiscal policy, - changes in desired investment arising from changes in the expected future marginal product of capital, - changes in consumer confidence that affect desired saving, and changes in money demand or supply (Fig. 11.7) ...
... - fiscal policy, - changes in desired investment arising from changes in the expected future marginal product of capital, - changes in consumer confidence that affect desired saving, and changes in money demand or supply (Fig. 11.7) ...
6.02 Understand economic indicators to recognize economic trends
... – Unemployment causes a waste of scarce economic resources and reduces the long run growth potential of the economy. High unemployment has an impact on government expenditure, taxation and the level of government borrowing each year – An increase in unemployment results in higher benefit payments an ...
... – Unemployment causes a waste of scarce economic resources and reduces the long run growth potential of the economy. High unemployment has an impact on government expenditure, taxation and the level of government borrowing each year – An increase in unemployment results in higher benefit payments an ...
Public Debt and Redistribution with Borrowing Constraints
... In this article, we study fiscal stimulus policies in the form of temporary tax cuts. We interpret redistribution as revenue-neutral tax cuts to a fraction of the population financed by a tax rise to another; by construction, this policy changes the lifetime income (wealth) of private agents. We int ...
... In this article, we study fiscal stimulus policies in the form of temporary tax cuts. We interpret redistribution as revenue-neutral tax cuts to a fraction of the population financed by a tax rise to another; by construction, this policy changes the lifetime income (wealth) of private agents. We int ...
Causes of Inflation
... person may experience a very different change in price. For example, if a person eats hot dogs instead of hamburgers, drinks beer rather than soft drinks, and does not own a car, then this person will experience a very different price index compared to what is built in the CPI’s basket. In addition, ...
... person may experience a very different change in price. For example, if a person eats hot dogs instead of hamburgers, drinks beer rather than soft drinks, and does not own a car, then this person will experience a very different price index compared to what is built in the CPI’s basket. In addition, ...
Homework 2
... c. economic growth, zero unemployment, and falling prices d. economic growth, low unemployment, and a balanced budget e. economic growth, a balanced budget, and balanced international trade 2. Macroeconomics is best suited to answering questions such as a. what determines the unemployment rate among ...
... c. economic growth, zero unemployment, and falling prices d. economic growth, low unemployment, and a balanced budget e. economic growth, a balanced budget, and balanced international trade 2. Macroeconomics is best suited to answering questions such as a. what determines the unemployment rate among ...
Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
... During the last half of the 1990s, real GDP grew at rates more rapid than those in the first half of the decade. That growth began to slow at the end of 2000. Real GDP increased at annual rates of 4.1 percent and 3.8 percent in 1999 and 2000. During the first three quarters of 2001, real GDP actuall ...
... During the last half of the 1990s, real GDP grew at rates more rapid than those in the first half of the decade. That growth began to slow at the end of 2000. Real GDP increased at annual rates of 4.1 percent and 3.8 percent in 1999 and 2000. During the first three quarters of 2001, real GDP actuall ...
The assessment of the Romanian fiscal policy during the last tree
... deficit – the excess of spending over revenue in the governmental sector. The budget deficit itself does not automatically induce macroeconomic problems. If the use of budget revenues is efficient, future income can be generated to service the costs of the debts incurred. Countries with high rates o ...
... deficit – the excess of spending over revenue in the governmental sector. The budget deficit itself does not automatically induce macroeconomic problems. If the use of budget revenues is efficient, future income can be generated to service the costs of the debts incurred. Countries with high rates o ...
Demand Management Policy - Queen's Economics Department | …
... policy has led to an increase in government debt because: Early activists favored large increases in government spending as well as favoring the government's using fiscal policy. Politically, it is much easier for government to increase spending and decrease taxes than vice versa. ...
... policy has led to an increase in government debt because: Early activists favored large increases in government spending as well as favoring the government's using fiscal policy. Politically, it is much easier for government to increase spending and decrease taxes than vice versa. ...
Moving from the financial crisis to sustainable growth
... predictable. In the autumn of 2009, both George Osborne and I in our separate ways warned of the difficult times that were to come. In September 2009 I wrote “over the next decade, the dominant issues in economic and social policy mostly arise from the massive budget deficit, bequeathed by the ‘cred ...
... predictable. In the autumn of 2009, both George Osborne and I in our separate ways warned of the difficult times that were to come. In September 2009 I wrote “over the next decade, the dominant issues in economic and social policy mostly arise from the massive budget deficit, bequeathed by the ‘cred ...
Applied general equilibrium - Economic Growth and Distribution:On
... have been much more successful in a Clakesch -AGE model. The scheme of the paper is as follows. In section 2 we present the basic SAM suggested by the United Nations (1993). This SAM (and, indeed, the whole system of national accounts), reflects faithfully the processes of production, distribution, ...
... have been much more successful in a Clakesch -AGE model. The scheme of the paper is as follows. In section 2 we present the basic SAM suggested by the United Nations (1993). This SAM (and, indeed, the whole system of national accounts), reflects faithfully the processes of production, distribution, ...
Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply
... What Shifts the Aggregate Demand Curve? Changes in Government Policies intended to achieve macroeconomic objectives: high employment, price stability, steady economic growth. •Monetary policy Actions the Federal Reserve takes to manage the money supply and interest rates. •Fiscal policy Changes in ...
... What Shifts the Aggregate Demand Curve? Changes in Government Policies intended to achieve macroeconomic objectives: high employment, price stability, steady economic growth. •Monetary policy Actions the Federal Reserve takes to manage the money supply and interest rates. •Fiscal policy Changes in ...
Executive summary - independent.gov.uk
... Slightly stronger growth means that we expect the remaining spare capacity in the economy to be used up by late 2017, around a year and a half earlier than we forecast in December. Thereafter, we assume that the economy will grow at its sustainable trend rate, which we have revised up slightly to re ...
... Slightly stronger growth means that we expect the remaining spare capacity in the economy to be used up by late 2017, around a year and a half earlier than we forecast in December. Thereafter, we assume that the economy will grow at its sustainable trend rate, which we have revised up slightly to re ...
Start with government purchases of goods and services, and with
... demand by consumers and businesses to hold wealth in readily spendable form is equal to the supply of readily spendable assets that the economy's banking system can provide. Every person or business must decide how much liquid wealth he or she wishes to hold. Demand for money depends on the interest ...
... demand by consumers and businesses to hold wealth in readily spendable form is equal to the supply of readily spendable assets that the economy's banking system can provide. Every person or business must decide how much liquid wealth he or she wishes to hold. Demand for money depends on the interest ...