fiscal policy strategy statement
... with two fold objectives – first, to aid economy in growth revival; and second, to bring down the deficit from 2011-12 level so as to leave space for private sector credit as the investment cycle picks up. Being the first year of the 12th Five Year Plan, an ambitious outlay which is 22.1 per cent hi ...
... with two fold objectives – first, to aid economy in growth revival; and second, to bring down the deficit from 2011-12 level so as to leave space for private sector credit as the investment cycle picks up. Being the first year of the 12th Five Year Plan, an ambitious outlay which is 22.1 per cent hi ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES OPTIMAL FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY UNDER IMPERFECT COMPETITION
... that the government has access to (endogenous) lump-sum taxes to finance its budget. An important implication of this assumption is that there is no need to use unanticipated inflation as a lump-sum tax; regular lump-sum taxes take up this role. Second, the government is assumed to be able to implem ...
... that the government has access to (endogenous) lump-sum taxes to finance its budget. An important implication of this assumption is that there is no need to use unanticipated inflation as a lump-sum tax; regular lump-sum taxes take up this role. Second, the government is assumed to be able to implem ...
A Very Preliminary Version of the BNB Quarterly Projection Model
... where r is the real rate of interest, δ is the physical depreciation rate of capital, PI is price of investment goods, Pi is the price of goods produced by the firm, P is the price of generic goods, Yi is the output of the firm i, Y is the aggregate supply of generic goods. ...
... where r is the real rate of interest, δ is the physical depreciation rate of capital, PI is price of investment goods, Pi is the price of goods produced by the firm, P is the price of generic goods, Yi is the output of the firm i, Y is the aggregate supply of generic goods. ...
The Final Consumption Expenditure of Households in Korea
... • Introduction of new statistical techniques employing both the supply-side and the demand-side statistics – Identifying economic trends more accurately by coping with changing statistical environments and by incorporating much more statistical data – Enhancing accuracy, reliability of statistics, a ...
... • Introduction of new statistical techniques employing both the supply-side and the demand-side statistics – Identifying economic trends more accurately by coping with changing statistical environments and by incorporating much more statistical data – Enhancing accuracy, reliability of statistics, a ...
Essay Questions
... A permanent increase in the domestic money supply A. must ultimately lead to a proportional decrease in E, and, therefore, the expected future exchange rate must rise proportionally. B. must ultimately lead to a proportional decrease in E, and, therefore, the expected future exchange rate must decre ...
... A permanent increase in the domestic money supply A. must ultimately lead to a proportional decrease in E, and, therefore, the expected future exchange rate must rise proportionally. B. must ultimately lead to a proportional decrease in E, and, therefore, the expected future exchange rate must decre ...
Building the Aggregate Expenditures Model
... 54. The greater is the marginal propensity to consume: A) the smaller is the marginal propensity to save. B) the higher is the interest rate. C) the lower is the average propensity to consume. D) the lower is the price level. ...
... 54. The greater is the marginal propensity to consume: A) the smaller is the marginal propensity to save. B) the higher is the interest rate. C) the lower is the average propensity to consume. D) the lower is the price level. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IMPLICATIONS FOR FISCAL POLICY AND CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES
... with greater capital account openness. Both effects are of similar magnitude, but opposite direction, suggesting that the net effect of greater financial openness on aggregate investment/GDP is small. ...
... with greater capital account openness. Both effects are of similar magnitude, but opposite direction, suggesting that the net effect of greater financial openness on aggregate investment/GDP is small. ...
Measuring National Output and National Income
... by factors of production located within a country. Output produced by a country’s citizens, regardless of where the output is produced, is measured by gross national product (GNP). ...
... by factors of production located within a country. Output produced by a country’s citizens, regardless of where the output is produced, is measured by gross national product (GNP). ...
real interest rate
... Government Budget Deficits The budget deficit decreases the supply of loanable funds. The supply curve shifts to the left. The equilibrium interest rate increases. The equilibrium level of investment decreases. ...
... Government Budget Deficits The budget deficit decreases the supply of loanable funds. The supply curve shifts to the left. The equilibrium interest rate increases. The equilibrium level of investment decreases. ...
Measuring National Output and National Income
... by factors of production located within a country. Output produced by a country’s citizens, regardless of where the output is produced, is measured by gross national product (GNP). ...
... by factors of production located within a country. Output produced by a country’s citizens, regardless of where the output is produced, is measured by gross national product (GNP). ...
Principles of Economics, Case and Fair,9e
... We build up the macroeconomy slowly. In Chapters 8 and 9, we examine the market for goods and services. In Chapters 10 and 11, we examine the money market. Then in Chapter 12, we bring the two markets together, in so doing explaining the links between aggregate output (Y) and the interest rate (r), ...
... We build up the macroeconomy slowly. In Chapters 8 and 9, we examine the market for goods and services. In Chapters 10 and 11, we examine the money market. Then in Chapter 12, we bring the two markets together, in so doing explaining the links between aggregate output (Y) and the interest rate (r), ...
Carbon Taxes as Part of the Fiscal Solution
... revenues can lead to relatively large percentage changes in deficits. In the current environment, economic projections also may be more uncertain than usual, given uncertainty about the effects of the recent recession on the long-term growth rate. The other major uncertainty is the rate of growth of ...
... revenues can lead to relatively large percentage changes in deficits. In the current environment, economic projections also may be more uncertain than usual, given uncertainty about the effects of the recent recession on the long-term growth rate. The other major uncertainty is the rate of growth of ...
Chapter 22
... letter k is from the German word for constant.) So the demand for money is some percent (k) of income. For the nation, income means national income. As we saw with the quantity theory of money, national income equals Nominal GDP. This is the product of the price level (GDP Deflator) times the quanti ...
... letter k is from the German word for constant.) So the demand for money is some percent (k) of income. For the nation, income means national income. As we saw with the quantity theory of money, national income equals Nominal GDP. This is the product of the price level (GDP Deflator) times the quanti ...
Chapter 33
... the right. An event that makes consumers spend less at a given price level (a tax hike, a stock-market decline) shifts the aggregate-demand curve to the left. 2. Shifts Arising from Investment: An event that makes firms invest more at a given price . level (optimism about the future, a fall in inter ...
... the right. An event that makes consumers spend less at a given price level (a tax hike, a stock-market decline) shifts the aggregate-demand curve to the left. 2. Shifts Arising from Investment: An event that makes firms invest more at a given price . level (optimism about the future, a fall in inter ...
an overview of taiwan`s tax system
... with the underground economy. The existence of the underground economy undermines the very foundation of economics as a science. This is because it calls into question the validity of the data which economists routinely use. For example, when economists claim that real economic growth was 6.2% last ...
... with the underground economy. The existence of the underground economy undermines the very foundation of economics as a science. This is because it calls into question the validity of the data which economists routinely use. For example, when economists claim that real economic growth was 6.2% last ...
algierslessprocyclical
... procyclical? The first step is to recognize the problem. That is a real challenge. At any point in time, in any country, the debate is usually between those arguing in favor of or against government expansion. It takes a longer-term perspective to frame the case in terms of the complete business cyc ...
... procyclical? The first step is to recognize the problem. That is a real challenge. At any point in time, in any country, the debate is usually between those arguing in favor of or against government expansion. It takes a longer-term perspective to frame the case in terms of the complete business cyc ...
the parallel economy in india: causes, impacts
... of ‘black‐money’ is large and rigged deals are growing in volume and complexity at an alarming rate. Apart from the wide ramifications of the ‘parallel economy’, one might also be alive to the fact that ‘black incomes’ are accentuating the inequalities in income and weal ...
... of ‘black‐money’ is large and rigged deals are growing in volume and complexity at an alarming rate. Apart from the wide ramifications of the ‘parallel economy’, one might also be alive to the fact that ‘black incomes’ are accentuating the inequalities in income and weal ...
chapter on macro economics
... to production factors. Without such access, farmers work marginal lands without fertiliser, women work in subsistence production without the skills and tools to upgrade their businesses, and factory workers produce below their optimal level of productivity due to out-of-date machines and lack of tra ...
... to production factors. Without such access, farmers work marginal lands without fertiliser, women work in subsistence production without the skills and tools to upgrade their businesses, and factory workers produce below their optimal level of productivity due to out-of-date machines and lack of tra ...
first part (Varian, chapters 2-7)
... reservation price and opportunity cost: choosing to attend concerts (Varian, Ch. 6 and 14) The English band Portishead, announces that two concerts of their tour in Europe will take place in Italy. Mario is an old fan of the band, and gathers information on the ticket price for the first concert to ...
... reservation price and opportunity cost: choosing to attend concerts (Varian, Ch. 6 and 14) The English band Portishead, announces that two concerts of their tour in Europe will take place in Italy. Mario is an old fan of the band, and gathers information on the ticket price for the first concert to ...
Document
... supply, V is the velocity of money, P is the price level, and Y is the amount of output. It makes the not quite realistic, but very convenient assumption that velocity is constant over time. Also, when interpreting this equation, recall that the quantity equation can be rewritten in terms of the sup ...
... supply, V is the velocity of money, P is the price level, and Y is the amount of output. It makes the not quite realistic, but very convenient assumption that velocity is constant over time. Also, when interpreting this equation, recall that the quantity equation can be rewritten in terms of the sup ...
Document
... 30. Which of the following equations best explains the relationships among inflation, taxes, interest, and real after-tax returns? a. Nominal interest rate – Expected inflation rate – Taxes = Real after-tax return b. Expected inflation rate – Nominal interest rate – Taxes = Real after-tax return c. ...
... 30. Which of the following equations best explains the relationships among inflation, taxes, interest, and real after-tax returns? a. Nominal interest rate – Expected inflation rate – Taxes = Real after-tax return b. Expected inflation rate – Nominal interest rate – Taxes = Real after-tax return c. ...
The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement
... The specific rates of excise duty on Cigar viz. tax rates and tax base, the Government's policy and Cheeroots, Cigarillos, Cigarettes of on direct taxes has been to achieve consistent growth tobacco substitutes, Cigarillos of tobacco in direct taxes by broadening the tax base while substitutes and o ...
... The specific rates of excise duty on Cigar viz. tax rates and tax base, the Government's policy and Cheeroots, Cigarillos, Cigarettes of on direct taxes has been to achieve consistent growth tobacco substitutes, Cigarillos of tobacco in direct taxes by broadening the tax base while substitutes and o ...
National Income Accounts
... between national unemployment and increases in current account deficits! e.g., (1) 1980s, CA and budget deficits, and high growth and full employment; (2) Late 1990s and early 2000s, large CA deficits but very strong growth and remarkably low unemployment rates. ...
... between national unemployment and increases in current account deficits! e.g., (1) 1980s, CA and budget deficits, and high growth and full employment; (2) Late 1990s and early 2000s, large CA deficits but very strong growth and remarkably low unemployment rates. ...
Transmission of Monetary Policy with Heterogeneity in Household
... business cycle framework with portfolio choice. My work is most closely related to Kaplan et al. (2015), which originated in parallel. They also decompose the effects of monetary policy into direct and indirect effects but focus on the consumption response to a one-time unexpected monetary shock. My ...
... business cycle framework with portfolio choice. My work is most closely related to Kaplan et al. (2015), which originated in parallel. They also decompose the effects of monetary policy into direct and indirect effects but focus on the consumption response to a one-time unexpected monetary shock. My ...
Did the New Deal Prolong or Worsen the Great Depression?
... declaration that was couched in terms of broad, general goals rather than specific instructions. The act, it stated, was designed to promote cooperative action, eliminate unfair practices, increase purchasing power, expand production, reduce unemployment, and conserve natural resources; but there wa ...
... declaration that was couched in terms of broad, general goals rather than specific instructions. The act, it stated, was designed to promote cooperative action, eliminate unfair practices, increase purchasing power, expand production, reduce unemployment, and conserve natural resources; but there wa ...