Study Guide
... discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on Earth, and are called hot spots (fig. 3.34). - Hot spot magmas change composition indicating that they may originate at different source depths in the mantle. The life span of a t ...
... discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on Earth, and are called hot spots (fig. 3.34). - Hot spot magmas change composition indicating that they may originate at different source depths in the mantle. The life span of a t ...
1 plate tectonics - IES Gabriela Mistral
... ALFRED WEGENER AND THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY. According to his theory, the continents made of lighter crust, slid over a continuous thicker layer. This layer made up the ocean floor and continued under the continents. He proposed that around 200 million years ago, all the continents were joined a ...
... ALFRED WEGENER AND THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY. According to his theory, the continents made of lighter crust, slid over a continuous thicker layer. This layer made up the ocean floor and continued under the continents. He proposed that around 200 million years ago, all the continents were joined a ...
Ocean - cloudfront.net
... hypothesized that it began breaking apart around 200 mya during the Mesozoic Era. Wegener and others who advocated the continental drift hypothesis had substantial evidence to support their claim. Evidence #1 - The topographic fit of South America and Africa suggests that the continents were once jo ...
... hypothesized that it began breaking apart around 200 mya during the Mesozoic Era. Wegener and others who advocated the continental drift hypothesis had substantial evidence to support their claim. Evidence #1 - The topographic fit of South America and Africa suggests that the continents were once jo ...
deep-ocean basin - MrPetersenScience
... trenches a long, narrow, and steep depression that forms on the ocean floor as a result of subduction of a tectonic plate, that runs parallel to the trend of a chain of volcanic islands or the coastline of a continent, and that may be as deep as 11 km below sea level; also called an ocean trench o ...
... trenches a long, narrow, and steep depression that forms on the ocean floor as a result of subduction of a tectonic plate, that runs parallel to the trend of a chain of volcanic islands or the coastline of a continent, and that may be as deep as 11 km below sea level; also called an ocean trench o ...
EENS 2120 Petrology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Igneous Rocks of the
... Since Cpx would be the first solid phase to disappear during melting, further melting of peridotite at any of these pressure would produce liquids with compositions that lie along the Ol - Opx boundary curve at each pressure. Let's imagine that a liquid is produced at a pressure of 20 kb by partial ...
... Since Cpx would be the first solid phase to disappear during melting, further melting of peridotite at any of these pressure would produce liquids with compositions that lie along the Ol - Opx boundary curve at each pressure. Let's imagine that a liquid is produced at a pressure of 20 kb by partial ...
SEA-FLOOR SPREADING By the early 1960s it was clear that
... During this time, precision depths, using echo-sounding to measure the travel time to the bottom of the ocean, allowed the seafloor to be mapped. Prior to this time, it had been known that there were underwater mountain ranges called "midocean ridges", and very deep regions called trenches, but the ...
... During this time, precision depths, using echo-sounding to measure the travel time to the bottom of the ocean, allowed the seafloor to be mapped. Prior to this time, it had been known that there were underwater mountain ranges called "midocean ridges", and very deep regions called trenches, but the ...
First JPI Oceans Conference 7 May 2015
... stablishing efficient mechanisms for interaction and knowledge transfer between the scientific community, industry & services, and policy makers at high level in order to solve the grand challenges more effectively. ...
... stablishing efficient mechanisms for interaction and knowledge transfer between the scientific community, industry & services, and policy makers at high level in order to solve the grand challenges more effectively. ...
Dynamic Earth Interactive Web Quest
... ii. Discovered evidence that the same plant and animal fossils were found along the coasts of these continents, although they were now separated by vast oceans. iii. Noticed geological formations like mountain ranges, on the two continents also matched up. ...
... ii. Discovered evidence that the same plant and animal fossils were found along the coasts of these continents, although they were now separated by vast oceans. iii. Noticed geological formations like mountain ranges, on the two continents also matched up. ...
petrology of continental rocks
... ridge. The measured rate of spreading is about 1 cm per annum — extrapolation back to zero ocean width gives 190 Myr. The mechanism of this movement may be understood by studying the sequence of crustal layers beneath the oceans; it is markedly different from that beneath the continents, and is quit ...
... ridge. The measured rate of spreading is about 1 cm per annum — extrapolation back to zero ocean width gives 190 Myr. The mechanism of this movement may be understood by studying the sequence of crustal layers beneath the oceans; it is markedly different from that beneath the continents, and is quit ...
Dissolved Oxygen (Marine) - Canadian Environmental Quality
... can reach 130‰ (Davis 1975a; Topping 1976). Values as high as 165% saturation have been measured in some areas (Birtwell et al. 1987). Under normal conditions (i.e., a sample of air-equilibrated seawater with a salinity of 35‰ at 10ºC), the concentration of DO in seawater would be 8.6 mg⋅L-1 (Davis ...
... can reach 130‰ (Davis 1975a; Topping 1976). Values as high as 165% saturation have been measured in some areas (Birtwell et al. 1987). Under normal conditions (i.e., a sample of air-equilibrated seawater with a salinity of 35‰ at 10ºC), the concentration of DO in seawater would be 8.6 mg⋅L-1 (Davis ...
Marine Radiocarbon Evidence for the Mechanism of Deglacial
... years. Radiocarbon activity paralleled that of the atmosphere except during deglaciation, when intermediate water values fell by more than 300‰. Such a large decrease requires a deglacial injection of very old waters from a deep ocean carbon reservoir that was previously well isolated from the atmos ...
... years. Radiocarbon activity paralleled that of the atmosphere except during deglaciation, when intermediate water values fell by more than 300‰. Such a large decrease requires a deglacial injection of very old waters from a deep ocean carbon reservoir that was previously well isolated from the atmos ...
Plate Tectonics
... •Glacial sediment deposits found in places where glaciers do not exist today. •Glacial Scratches (scratches on rock caused by glacial movement) line up like a jigsaw puzzle when continents are reassembled. ...
... •Glacial sediment deposits found in places where glaciers do not exist today. •Glacial Scratches (scratches on rock caused by glacial movement) line up like a jigsaw puzzle when continents are reassembled. ...
responses to questions accompanying selected figures
... bentonite (395): Bentonite is composed of clay minerals that are formed by the alteration of volcanic ash. Cretaceous rocks of Wyoming and Colorado include extensive beds of this soft, plastic, light-colored clayey rock. chalk (378): A fine-grained white, soft variety of limestone composed mainly of ...
... bentonite (395): Bentonite is composed of clay minerals that are formed by the alteration of volcanic ash. Cretaceous rocks of Wyoming and Colorado include extensive beds of this soft, plastic, light-colored clayey rock. chalk (378): A fine-grained white, soft variety of limestone composed mainly of ...
The Truth About Alfred Wegner
... continents on either side, and thus it became known as a mid-ocean ridge. We now know that the ocean ridge system snakes around the entire globe in a continuous chain some 80,000 kilometers long. In 1953, scientists discovered that a prominent valley, called the Great Global Rift, ran down the cente ...
... continents on either side, and thus it became known as a mid-ocean ridge. We now know that the ocean ridge system snakes around the entire globe in a continuous chain some 80,000 kilometers long. In 1953, scientists discovered that a prominent valley, called the Great Global Rift, ran down the cente ...
one world ocean
... • The Earth is believed to be 4.6 billion years old • During the Earth’s formation, heavy (dense) metals such as iron and nickel gravitated towards the hot center in a molten state • At the same time, ...
... • The Earth is believed to be 4.6 billion years old • During the Earth’s formation, heavy (dense) metals such as iron and nickel gravitated towards the hot center in a molten state • At the same time, ...
FY13 ROP Funding Request – RI - Environment Council of Rhode
... practical tools like maps and surveys. If these competitive grant funds are reduced or eliminated, states and their partnerships (like the Northeast Regional Ocean Council) will be weakened – making them less able to assert authority over local and regional ocean and coastal management needs and pri ...
... practical tools like maps and surveys. If these competitive grant funds are reduced or eliminated, states and their partnerships (like the Northeast Regional Ocean Council) will be weakened – making them less able to assert authority over local and regional ocean and coastal management needs and pri ...
Detailed plate tectonics
... earthquakes recorded in South America. Fortunately, even though this powerful earthquake was felt as far away as Minnesota and Toronto, Canada, it caused no major damage because of its great depth. ...
... earthquakes recorded in South America. Fortunately, even though this powerful earthquake was felt as far away as Minnesota and Toronto, Canada, it caused no major damage because of its great depth. ...
lect 7
... classify the redox status is to simply state that suboxic zones are characterized by the reduction of Fe and Mn-oxides, but not the reduction of sulfate. Anoxic systems have been lowered to where sulfate becomes an active electron acceptor, yielding S2- or other reduced sulfur species. Methane (CH3) ...
... classify the redox status is to simply state that suboxic zones are characterized by the reduction of Fe and Mn-oxides, but not the reduction of sulfate. Anoxic systems have been lowered to where sulfate becomes an active electron acceptor, yielding S2- or other reduced sulfur species. Methane (CH3) ...
The Theory of Seafloor Spreading
... becomes more dense because of the accumulation of sediment and forms trenches where the seafloor is recycled into the Asthenosphere in a process called subduction. ...
... becomes more dense because of the accumulation of sediment and forms trenches where the seafloor is recycled into the Asthenosphere in a process called subduction. ...
Red Tides and Dead Zones: Eutrophication in the Marine Environment
... as seaweeds. Perhaps 100 species of microalgae contain potent toxins. Because high concentrations of some of these species can color the water red or brown, they are sometimes referred to as red or brown tides, although these terms are misleading and are no longer used by scientists. Toxic algae ent ...
... as seaweeds. Perhaps 100 species of microalgae contain potent toxins. Because high concentrations of some of these species can color the water red or brown, they are sometimes referred to as red or brown tides, although these terms are misleading and are no longer used by scientists. Toxic algae ent ...
Sea Floor Spreading
... other. Today, only the Sinai Peninsula connects the Middle East (Asia) with North Africa. Eventually, geologists predict, seafloor spreading will completely separate the two continents—and join the Red and Mediterranean Seas. Mid-ocean ridges and seafloor spreading can also influence sea levels. As ...
... other. Today, only the Sinai Peninsula connects the Middle East (Asia) with North Africa. Eventually, geologists predict, seafloor spreading will completely separate the two continents—and join the Red and Mediterranean Seas. Mid-ocean ridges and seafloor spreading can also influence sea levels. As ...
Plankton biodiversity of the North Atlantic: changing patterns
... reassembly a natural consequence of climatic change? Will community function alter with climate change? Will there be an imbalance in system trophodynamics? In some systems, regime shifts (Reid et al, 2001), have been documented. These are characterized by large scale abrupt changes in the ecosystem ...
... reassembly a natural consequence of climatic change? Will community function alter with climate change? Will there be an imbalance in system trophodynamics? In some systems, regime shifts (Reid et al, 2001), have been documented. These are characterized by large scale abrupt changes in the ecosystem ...
Anoxic event
Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events (Anoxia conditions) refer to intervals in the Earth's past where portions of oceans become depleted in oxygen (O2) at depths over a large geographic area. During some of these events, euxinia develops - euxinia refers to anoxic waters that contain H2S hydrogen sulfide. Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geological record shows that they happened many times in the past. Anoxic events coincide with several mass extinctions and may contribute to these events. These mass extinctions include some that geobiologists use as time markers in biostratigraphic dating. It is believed oceanic anoxic events are strongly linked to slowing of ocean circulation, climatic warming and elevated levels of greenhouse gases. Enhanced volcanism (through the release of CO2 and other greenhouse gases) is the proposed central external trigger for the development of these events.