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Eriksen2014-Plastics-in-the-Ocean.pdf
... Estimating expected particle counts based on fragmentation of large particles We use conservative estimates of fragmentation rates to show that the model results of particle count in each size class differ substantially from our expected particle counts. To estimate fragmentation rates, we assumed t ...
... Estimating expected particle counts based on fragmentation of large particles We use conservative estimates of fragmentation rates to show that the model results of particle count in each size class differ substantially from our expected particle counts. To estimate fragmentation rates, we assumed t ...
CAGE Annual Report 2014 - Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate
... and gas hydrates occur in the SW Barents Sea because of hydrocarbon leakage from deep reservoirs. Recent ocean warming has increased the bottom water temperature in the SW Barents Sea by at least one degree Celsius. We model the gas hydrate stability field in the SW Barents Sea over the last 50 year ...
... and gas hydrates occur in the SW Barents Sea because of hydrocarbon leakage from deep reservoirs. Recent ocean warming has increased the bottom water temperature in the SW Barents Sea by at least one degree Celsius. We model the gas hydrate stability field in the SW Barents Sea over the last 50 year ...
Crustal Thickness, Oceanic Lithosphere Distribution and OCT
... Mediterranean. Gravity inversion sensitivities to break-up ages of 225 Ma (Late Triassic) and 100 Ma (Middle Cretaceous) have been examined. Gravity inversion results show thin crust (5-8 km thickness) for the Ionian Sea and the Herodotus Basin, consistent with these basins being underlain by oceani ...
... Mediterranean. Gravity inversion sensitivities to break-up ages of 225 Ma (Late Triassic) and 100 Ma (Middle Cretaceous) have been examined. Gravity inversion results show thin crust (5-8 km thickness) for the Ionian Sea and the Herodotus Basin, consistent with these basins being underlain by oceani ...
Life in the Aftermath of Mass Extinctions
... of life in the aftermath? The PT extinction, the greatest mass extinction of the last half billion years (Box 1), provides a classic example of the prolonged existence of strange ecosystems in the aftermath of extinction [16]. The PT mass extinction was likely triggered by a single massive pulse of ...
... of life in the aftermath? The PT extinction, the greatest mass extinction of the last half billion years (Box 1), provides a classic example of the prolonged existence of strange ecosystems in the aftermath of extinction [16]. The PT mass extinction was likely triggered by a single massive pulse of ...
Eclogite Engine
... may be responsible for fertile melting anomalies, in addition to contributing trace element and isotopic signatures to their melts. To the arc lower crustal delamination rates must be added the colli sional mountain belt delamination. ...
... may be responsible for fertile melting anomalies, in addition to contributing trace element and isotopic signatures to their melts. To the arc lower crustal delamination rates must be added the colli sional mountain belt delamination. ...
Can we bridge geophysics,geochemistry & geodynamics?
... may be responsible for fertile melting anomalies, in addition to contributing trace element and isotopic signatures to their melts. To the arc lower crustal delamination rates must be added the colli sional mountain belt delamination. ...
... may be responsible for fertile melting anomalies, in addition to contributing trace element and isotopic signatures to their melts. To the arc lower crustal delamination rates must be added the colli sional mountain belt delamination. ...
Earth Structure - Processes in Structural Geology and Tectonics
... Continental crust has a mean composition that is less mafic than that of oceanic crust. Formation mode Continental crust is an amalgamation of rock that originally formed at volcanic arcs or hot spots, and then subsequently passes through the rock cycle. Mountain building, erosion and sedimentation, ...
... Continental crust has a mean composition that is less mafic than that of oceanic crust. Formation mode Continental crust is an amalgamation of rock that originally formed at volcanic arcs or hot spots, and then subsequently passes through the rock cycle. Mountain building, erosion and sedimentation, ...
Birth and Development of Continental Margin Basins
... Several authors have proposed different geodynamic models for the development of the Red Sea (e.g., Bosworth et al., 2005). The geological transects in the southern Red Sea (Figure 9) show two end-member models of continental breakup and formation of oceanic crust. Model 1 suggests continental break ...
... Several authors have proposed different geodynamic models for the development of the Red Sea (e.g., Bosworth et al., 2005). The geological transects in the southern Red Sea (Figure 9) show two end-member models of continental breakup and formation of oceanic crust. Model 1 suggests continental break ...
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Eutrophication in the Coastal Marine
... rapidly and more completely than does phosphate. This is particularly true when only nitrate-nitrogen is considered. Both Vaccaro (9) and Thomas (13) have pointed out, however, that ammonia may often be quantitatively a more important nitrogen source than is nitrate in surface ocean waters, particul ...
... rapidly and more completely than does phosphate. This is particularly true when only nitrate-nitrogen is considered. Both Vaccaro (9) and Thomas (13) have pointed out, however, that ammonia may often be quantitatively a more important nitrogen source than is nitrate in surface ocean waters, particul ...
The climatology, meteorology, and boundary layer structure of
... can lead to strong boundary layer turbulence and surface heat loss from the ocean (Brümmer 1996), ...
... can lead to strong boundary layer turbulence and surface heat loss from the ocean (Brümmer 1996), ...
Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis
... could be because so many ideas fit together so well. It could also be because, at the time, he didn’t have all the seafloor data he needed for evidence. • Seafloor spreading is the mechanism for the drifting continents. Click on the following links to view the animations that show the creation of ma ...
... could be because so many ideas fit together so well. It could also be because, at the time, he didn’t have all the seafloor data he needed for evidence. • Seafloor spreading is the mechanism for the drifting continents. Click on the following links to view the animations that show the creation of ma ...
Armbrust.indd MH
... activity29,32. Additionally, the absence of polar ice caps and the smaller pole-to-equator temperature gradient reduced ocean circulation and increased stratification of the water column. Together, these factors decreased the oxygenation of the oceans and contributed to ocean anoxic events. Fossil r ...
... activity29,32. Additionally, the absence of polar ice caps and the smaller pole-to-equator temperature gradient reduced ocean circulation and increased stratification of the water column. Together, these factors decreased the oxygenation of the oceans and contributed to ocean anoxic events. Fossil r ...
North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways
... The Arctic and subarctic seas exert major influences on global climate and ocean systems. Understanding the causes and consequences of global climatic and environmental change is an important challenge for humanity. The high-northern-latitude oceans are of high relevance for this task, as they direc ...
... The Arctic and subarctic seas exert major influences on global climate and ocean systems. Understanding the causes and consequences of global climatic and environmental change is an important challenge for humanity. The high-northern-latitude oceans are of high relevance for this task, as they direc ...
Chapter 32: Plate Tectonics: A Working Model for the Earth
... By now it has occurred to you that there must be more to plate tectonics than spreading centers. If lithosphere is slowly separating at ridges and rift zones, where does it go? Evidently, it does not stay around for long (from a geologic perspective), because the oldest ocean-floor rocks are only ab ...
... By now it has occurred to you that there must be more to plate tectonics than spreading centers. If lithosphere is slowly separating at ridges and rift zones, where does it go? Evidently, it does not stay around for long (from a geologic perspective), because the oldest ocean-floor rocks are only ab ...
Mechanism of Formation of Active Margins.
... lighter one is convectivel y unstable . Hence subduction s hould arise in many regions from the above point of view. Actually it takes place only in the regions of large and strongly pro nounced inhomogeneities in t he uppe r manlle. This difficulty is usuaUy avoided by assuming that the inhomogenei ...
... lighter one is convectivel y unstable . Hence subduction s hould arise in many regions from the above point of view. Actually it takes place only in the regions of large and strongly pro nounced inhomogeneities in t he uppe r manlle. This difficulty is usuaUy avoided by assuming that the inhomogenei ...
Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of
... volcanic chain, the fault plane solution is a strike-slip event. This event occurred at a depth of 14 km, with a seismic moment of 6.05 × 1018 Nm and a total duration of 12 s (Bommer et al., 2002). The aftershock distribution delineates a rupture plane subparallel to the volcanic chain and thus subp ...
... volcanic chain, the fault plane solution is a strike-slip event. This event occurred at a depth of 14 km, with a seismic moment of 6.05 × 1018 Nm and a total duration of 12 s (Bommer et al., 2002). The aftershock distribution delineates a rupture plane subparallel to the volcanic chain and thus subp ...
Drilling at sea: Hydrocarbon Exploration
... take place without extensive uplift; in such cases it may be the convective processes in the underlying asthenosphere which are causing the extension. To rift a continent apart it needs the rifts associated with various possible thermal domes to link together. Morgan (1981, 1983) has suggested that ...
... take place without extensive uplift; in such cases it may be the convective processes in the underlying asthenosphere which are causing the extension. To rift a continent apart it needs the rifts associated with various possible thermal domes to link together. Morgan (1981, 1983) has suggested that ...
Bromine counts from XRF scanning as an estimate of the
... subject of further investigation. Here we investigate the potential of XRF Br counts/s as an estimate for MOC. ...
... subject of further investigation. Here we investigate the potential of XRF Br counts/s as an estimate for MOC. ...
Carbon Cycle Dynamics For a Neoproterozoic Climate Model
... well in the form of eukaryotic life forms (algae). Had the earth entirely frozen over, thick ice would have ended most photosynthetic activity and likely also resulted in the extinction of species that required photosynthesis for survival and these life forms would not have been around to evolve. Fo ...
... well in the form of eukaryotic life forms (algae). Had the earth entirely frozen over, thick ice would have ended most photosynthetic activity and likely also resulted in the extinction of species that required photosynthesis for survival and these life forms would not have been around to evolve. Fo ...
Oceanic ridges - HCC Learning Web
... Paleomagnetism is the remnant magnetism in ancient rocks recording the direction and intensity of Earth’s magnetic field at the time of the rock’s formation. The Curie point is the temperature at which hot ironbearing minerals cool enough to gain magnetism. As long as the rock is not subsequently he ...
... Paleomagnetism is the remnant magnetism in ancient rocks recording the direction and intensity of Earth’s magnetic field at the time of the rock’s formation. The Curie point is the temperature at which hot ironbearing minerals cool enough to gain magnetism. As long as the rock is not subsequently he ...
Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory
... Paleomagnetism is the remnant magnetism in ancient rocks recording the direction and intensity of Earth’s magnetic field at the time of the rock’s formation. The Curie point is the temperature at which hot ironbearing minerals cool enough to gain magnetism. As long as the rock is not subsequently he ...
... Paleomagnetism is the remnant magnetism in ancient rocks recording the direction and intensity of Earth’s magnetic field at the time of the rock’s formation. The Curie point is the temperature at which hot ironbearing minerals cool enough to gain magnetism. As long as the rock is not subsequently he ...
North Atlantic and North Sea Climate Change
... The strength of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) (based on sea-surface elevation slopes derived from altimeter data) is correlated with westerly winds (based on North Atlantic Oscillation [NAO] Index data over a nine year period [1992^2002] with 108 monthly values). The data time window includes the ...
... The strength of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) (based on sea-surface elevation slopes derived from altimeter data) is correlated with westerly winds (based on North Atlantic Oscillation [NAO] Index data over a nine year period [1992^2002] with 108 monthly values). The data time window includes the ...
Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program Ocean and Plume
... Brief summary: Competition can occur between different species or the same species. Salmon populations, rearing types and species overlap in distribution and diet in ocean. There is spatial overlap between wild and hatchery spring Chinook, as well as wild and hatchery steelhead. Juvenile fish don’t ...
... Brief summary: Competition can occur between different species or the same species. Salmon populations, rearing types and species overlap in distribution and diet in ocean. There is spatial overlap between wild and hatchery spring Chinook, as well as wild and hatchery steelhead. Juvenile fish don’t ...
Anoxic event
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aquatic_Dead_Zones.jpg?width=300)
Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events (Anoxia conditions) refer to intervals in the Earth's past where portions of oceans become depleted in oxygen (O2) at depths over a large geographic area. During some of these events, euxinia develops - euxinia refers to anoxic waters that contain H2S hydrogen sulfide. Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geological record shows that they happened many times in the past. Anoxic events coincide with several mass extinctions and may contribute to these events. These mass extinctions include some that geobiologists use as time markers in biostratigraphic dating. It is believed oceanic anoxic events are strongly linked to slowing of ocean circulation, climatic warming and elevated levels of greenhouse gases. Enhanced volcanism (through the release of CO2 and other greenhouse gases) is the proposed central external trigger for the development of these events.