Young whores-old nuns or
... It has generally escaped the notice of scholars that Einstein had discovered this structure of incompleteness as early as his 1914 paper, which is an early version of the general theory of relativity. At that stage, Einstein arrived at the conclusion that, based on his repeated attempts and failures ...
... It has generally escaped the notice of scholars that Einstein had discovered this structure of incompleteness as early as his 1914 paper, which is an early version of the general theory of relativity. At that stage, Einstein arrived at the conclusion that, based on his repeated attempts and failures ...
Genuine Fortuitousness
... In the late 1920’s, due to the experimental success of quantum theory, many physicists who were now used to the accuracy of what was a phenomenologically descriptive theory of the quantum scale began to question how QM fit in with the rest of physics as whole. In short, physicists asked the question ...
... In the late 1920’s, due to the experimental success of quantum theory, many physicists who were now used to the accuracy of what was a phenomenologically descriptive theory of the quantum scale began to question how QM fit in with the rest of physics as whole. In short, physicists asked the question ...
Why were Matrix Mechanics and Wave
... spectral lines and later was found to be successful (to some extent) in experiments with electron scattering. For the Wave Mechanics, its initial applicability to light interference experiments was extended to include the account of the energy values in experiments with hydrogen atoms. And finally, t ...
... spectral lines and later was found to be successful (to some extent) in experiments with electron scattering. For the Wave Mechanics, its initial applicability to light interference experiments was extended to include the account of the energy values in experiments with hydrogen atoms. And finally, t ...
Matrix Mechanics and Wave Mechanics - Philsci
... wave mechanics were mathematically and empirically equivalent at the time when the equivalence proofs appeared and that Schrödinger (and Eckart) demonstrated their equivalence” (although Schrödinger’s proof was more elaborate and influential than Eckart’s). Thus, the argument goes, Schrödinger (1926 ...
... wave mechanics were mathematically and empirically equivalent at the time when the equivalence proofs appeared and that Schrödinger (and Eckart) demonstrated their equivalence” (although Schrödinger’s proof was more elaborate and influential than Eckart’s). Thus, the argument goes, Schrödinger (1926 ...
Text and script of the play "Incredible Quantum Tablet".
... RigthBot and BackBot, as well as other props such as furniture or speakers or lab equipment. 2. RightBot is a vertical wall from playwood on roller wheels. It has some support so it can stand on its own vertically, but in a addition a wooden box of a medical vibrating machine is connected to it, in ...
... RigthBot and BackBot, as well as other props such as furniture or speakers or lab equipment. 2. RightBot is a vertical wall from playwood on roller wheels. It has some support so it can stand on its own vertically, but in a addition a wooden box of a medical vibrating machine is connected to it, in ...
Atomic Physics
... neutral, it also has 3 electrons. Bohr’s model is not applicable. If two electrons are stripped away, one ends up with the ion Li2+ . What is the ionization energy of Li2+ ? Solution: Since one has only one electron left, the Bohr’s model can be used. The ionization energy is found by putting n = 1 ...
... neutral, it also has 3 electrons. Bohr’s model is not applicable. If two electrons are stripped away, one ends up with the ion Li2+ . What is the ionization energy of Li2+ ? Solution: Since one has only one electron left, the Bohr’s model can be used. The ionization energy is found by putting n = 1 ...
The Uncertainty Principle
... concept of the electron spin was included in the theoretical framework. It came as a big surprise, therefore, when one year later, Erwin Schrödinger presented an alternative theory, that became known as wave mechanics. Schrödinger assumed that an electron in an atom could be represented as an oscill ...
... concept of the electron spin was included in the theoretical framework. It came as a big surprise, therefore, when one year later, Erwin Schrödinger presented an alternative theory, that became known as wave mechanics. Schrödinger assumed that an electron in an atom could be represented as an oscill ...
Bohr`s Theory of the Atom: Content, Closure and - Philsci
... be right.’ The same month, and aware of the same successes of the theory, von Laue flatly asserted, ‘This is nonsense!’1 The first goal of this paper is to demonstrate that this disagreement has its counterpart today at the philosophical level. Ever since Jammer (1966) and Lakatos’s seminal paper of ...
... be right.’ The same month, and aware of the same successes of the theory, von Laue flatly asserted, ‘This is nonsense!’1 The first goal of this paper is to demonstrate that this disagreement has its counterpart today at the philosophical level. Ever since Jammer (1966) and Lakatos’s seminal paper of ...
Revisiting the Einstein
... Bose’s theory of radiation and my analogous theory of ideal gases have been reproved by Mr. Ehrenfest and other colleagues because in these theories the quanta or molecules are not treated as structures statistically independent of one another, without this circumstance being especially pointed out ...
... Bose’s theory of radiation and my analogous theory of ideal gases have been reproved by Mr. Ehrenfest and other colleagues because in these theories the quanta or molecules are not treated as structures statistically independent of one another, without this circumstance being especially pointed out ...
The Copenhagen interpretation, and pragmatism1 Willem M. de
... mechanical observable is exclusively defined within the context of the measurement serving to measure that observable. Both points are liable to criticism. The first point has its origin in the logical positivist ideal of basing a theory on theory-independent observational data, so as to evade the v ...
... mechanical observable is exclusively defined within the context of the measurement serving to measure that observable. Both points are liable to criticism. The first point has its origin in the logical positivist ideal of basing a theory on theory-independent observational data, so as to evade the v ...
First-Person Plural Quantum Mechanics
... what is not subject to these conditions conforms to descriptions or explanations involving such spatiotemporal concepts as position and momentum, time and energy, causality and interaction. Since these are essentially all the descriptive and explanatory (or kinematical and dynamical) concepts at our ...
... what is not subject to these conditions conforms to descriptions or explanations involving such spatiotemporal concepts as position and momentum, time and energy, causality and interaction. Since these are essentially all the descriptive and explanatory (or kinematical and dynamical) concepts at our ...
The Copenhagen Interpretation
... Suppose the particle is represented initially by a wave function that assigns equal probabilities to the parts associated with the two slits. And consider a quantum theoretical analysis of the process of measurement in which both the particle and the two counters are represented by wave functions. I ...
... Suppose the particle is represented initially by a wave function that assigns equal probabilities to the parts associated with the two slits. And consider a quantum theoretical analysis of the process of measurement in which both the particle and the two counters are represented by wave functions. I ...
l - Bryn Mawr College
... Each orbital (described by n, l, ml) can contain a maximum of two e-, each with a different spin. Each e- is described by four quantum numbers (n, l, ml , ms). ...
... Each orbital (described by n, l, ml) can contain a maximum of two e-, each with a different spin. Each e- is described by four quantum numbers (n, l, ml , ms). ...
Niels Bohr as philosopher of experiment: Does
... made a deep and lasting impression on a younger generation of physicists who at various times worked closely with Bohr in Copenhagen. Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, Léon Rosenfeld, and Aage Petersen all saw as Bohr's epistemological reflections on quantum mechanics as containing a deep insight in ...
... made a deep and lasting impression on a younger generation of physicists who at various times worked closely with Bohr in Copenhagen. Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, Léon Rosenfeld, and Aage Petersen all saw as Bohr's epistemological reflections on quantum mechanics as containing a deep insight in ...
6 Classical and non-classical science
... nominalist discourse’ in psychiatric diagnosis. The combination of meaning and essence has in fact been the respectable and sensible core mode of thinking in classical science. In classical science it was assumed that the laws of nature were made of the same stuff as their formal expressions«246». T ...
... nominalist discourse’ in psychiatric diagnosis. The combination of meaning and essence has in fact been the respectable and sensible core mode of thinking in classical science. In classical science it was assumed that the laws of nature were made of the same stuff as their formal expressions«246». T ...
The Logic of Complementarity - Philsci
... It should be remarked that it seems to exist a discrepancy between Rosenfeld and Bohr in what concerns the way of understanding complementarity. This difference may justify Bohr’s refuse to accept that von Weizsäcker had described ’the logic os complementarity’, as we shall see below. Apparently, B ...
... It should be remarked that it seems to exist a discrepancy between Rosenfeld and Bohr in what concerns the way of understanding complementarity. This difference may justify Bohr’s refuse to accept that von Weizsäcker had described ’the logic os complementarity’, as we shall see below. Apparently, B ...
Bohr`s quantum postulate and time in quantum mechanics
... results, related to the so-called Compton scattering, obtained by W. Bothe and H. Geiger. In their experiment, Bothe and Geiger confirmed energy-momentum conservation in individual atomic processes by observing a simultaneous detection (coincidences) of scattered x-rays and recoil electrons in the s ...
... results, related to the so-called Compton scattering, obtained by W. Bothe and H. Geiger. In their experiment, Bothe and Geiger confirmed energy-momentum conservation in individual atomic processes by observing a simultaneous detection (coincidences) of scattered x-rays and recoil electrons in the s ...
When Energy Conservation Seems to Fail: The Prediction of the
... fine structure and required therefore spectrographs of high resolving power) was deemed to depend on the interaction between the electron’s total angular momentum and the nuclear spin, which in turn depended directly from the magnetic moments of the electrons and protons contained in the nucleus. Si ...
... fine structure and required therefore spectrographs of high resolving power) was deemed to depend on the interaction between the electron’s total angular momentum and the nuclear spin, which in turn depended directly from the magnetic moments of the electrons and protons contained in the nucleus. Si ...
What Makes a Classical Concept Classical? Toward a
... “Every description of natural processes must be based on ideas which have been introduced and defined by the classical theory.” — Niels Bohr, 19231 “There must be quite definite and clear grounds, why you repeatedly declare that one must interpret observations classically, which lie absolutely in t ...
... “Every description of natural processes must be based on ideas which have been introduced and defined by the classical theory.” — Niels Bohr, 19231 “There must be quite definite and clear grounds, why you repeatedly declare that one must interpret observations classically, which lie absolutely in t ...
What Makes a Classical Concept Classical? Toward a
... “Every description of natural processes must be based on ideas which have been introduced and defined by the classical theory.” — Niels Bohr, 19231 “There must be quite definite and clear grounds, why you repeatedly declare that one must interpret observations classically, which lie absolutely in th ...
... “Every description of natural processes must be based on ideas which have been introduced and defined by the classical theory.” — Niels Bohr, 19231 “There must be quite definite and clear grounds, why you repeatedly declare that one must interpret observations classically, which lie absolutely in th ...
Three Puzzles about Bohr`s Correspondence Principle
... In Q.o.L [Bohr 1918] this designation has not yet been used, but the substance of the principle is referred to there as a formal analogy between the quantum theory and the classical theory. Such expressions might cause misunderstanding, since in fact—as we shall see later on—this Correspondence Prin ...
... In Q.o.L [Bohr 1918] this designation has not yet been used, but the substance of the principle is referred to there as a formal analogy between the quantum theory and the classical theory. Such expressions might cause misunderstanding, since in fact—as we shall see later on—this Correspondence Prin ...
1AMQ, Part II Quantum Mechanics
... Atomic Doublets Levels with l=0 are split into energy doublets, called fine structure, due to spin-orbit coupling. The fine structure is approx. 10-5eV in Hydrogen and increases as Z4 for heavier elements. We can use the Bohr model get an estimate of the spin-orbit splitting, by assuming an electro ...
... Atomic Doublets Levels with l=0 are split into energy doublets, called fine structure, due to spin-orbit coupling. The fine structure is approx. 10-5eV in Hydrogen and increases as Z4 for heavier elements. We can use the Bohr model get an estimate of the spin-orbit splitting, by assuming an electro ...
213-236, 2015 Centro de Filosofia das Ciências da
... to the individual scientist who weighs the evidence idiosyncratically, given certain predispositions which are not always conducive to probabilistic measure. This is akin to scientists ignoring “anomalies”, that is, confidence in the theory is not shaken by anomalies. 11 We are not engaged here with ...
... to the individual scientist who weighs the evidence idiosyncratically, given certain predispositions which are not always conducive to probabilistic measure. This is akin to scientists ignoring “anomalies”, that is, confidence in the theory is not shaken by anomalies. 11 We are not engaged here with ...
Quantum Entanglements and Hauntological Relations of Inheritance
... energy. Energy is exchanged in discrete packets, not continuously. In 1905, Einstein proposes that light itself is quantised. He wins the Nobel Prize for his ‘crazy idea’ of the photon (light quantum), not for relativity. Bohr’s idea: The nucleus remains at the atom’s center, but electrons don’t orb ...
... energy. Energy is exchanged in discrete packets, not continuously. In 1905, Einstein proposes that light itself is quantised. He wins the Nobel Prize for his ‘crazy idea’ of the photon (light quantum), not for relativity. Bohr’s idea: The nucleus remains at the atom’s center, but electrons don’t orb ...
Niels Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr (Danish: [nels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ]; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another. Although the Bohr model has been supplanted by other models, its underlying principles remain valid. He conceived the principle of complementarity: that items could be separately analysed in terms of contradictory properties, like behaving as a wave or a stream of particles. The notion of complementarity dominated Bohr's thinking in both science and philosophy.Bohr founded the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, now known as the Niels Bohr Institute, which opened in 1920. Bohr mentored and collaborated with physicists including Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, George de Hevesy and Werner Heisenberg. He predicted the existence of a new zirconium-like element, which was named hafnium, after the Latin name for Copenhagen, where it was discovered. Later, the element bohrium was named after him.During the 1930s, Bohr helped refugees from Nazism. After Denmark was occupied by the Germans, he had a famous meeting with Heisenberg, who had become the head of the German nuclear energy project. In September 1943, word reached Bohr that he was about to be arrested by the Germans, and he fled to Sweden. From there, he was flown to Britain, where he joined the British Tube Alloys nuclear weapons project, and was part of the British mission to the Manhattan Project. After the war, Bohr called for international cooperation on nuclear energy. He was involved with the establishment of CERN and the Research Establishment Risø of the Danish Atomic Energy Commission, and became the first chairman of the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics in 1957.