Airborne spread of infectious agents in the indoor environment
... significant downwash that occurs behind the body has the effect of laterally spreading the lower portions of the wake.59,60 Using large eddy simulation, Choi and Edwards55,61 found that backward transport (opposite to the direction of walking) can also occur because of downwash effects and tip vortex ...
... significant downwash that occurs behind the body has the effect of laterally spreading the lower portions of the wake.59,60 Using large eddy simulation, Choi and Edwards55,61 found that backward transport (opposite to the direction of walking) can also occur because of downwash effects and tip vortex ...
Virus isolation (CSFV/BDV/BVDV)
... OIE RL for « Classical Swine Fever » – « Prof. Dr. Volker Moennig » – « Germany » ...
... OIE RL for « Classical Swine Fever » – « Prof. Dr. Volker Moennig » – « Germany » ...
23-09-2014-RRA-Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Zaire ebolavirus
... and are sensitive to sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and other disinfectants [6]. Freezing or refrigeration will not inactivate Ebola viruses [7-9]. The incubation period (the period between infection and first symptoms) is usually four to ten days but can be as short as two days and as long as 21 days ...
... and are sensitive to sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and other disinfectants [6]. Freezing or refrigeration will not inactivate Ebola viruses [7-9]. The incubation period (the period between infection and first symptoms) is usually four to ten days but can be as short as two days and as long as 21 days ...
The Most Virulent Hepatitis Virus Of All
... with a super-infection are scarce, but doctors say the disease in children follows a similar pattern as in adults with rapidly developing liver disease. Most children with only chronic HBV infection are asymptomatic with no signs of liver damage. When additionally infected with HDV, they develop si ...
... with a super-infection are scarce, but doctors say the disease in children follows a similar pattern as in adults with rapidly developing liver disease. Most children with only chronic HBV infection are asymptomatic with no signs of liver damage. When additionally infected with HDV, they develop si ...
Acute Diarrhea (Gastroenteritis)
... possible causes of gastroenteritis, including infections with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Diarrhea may also be a symptom of other diseases, but this is less common. Gastroenteritis is a leading cause of illness in children worldwide, especially in places where children are living in unsanitary ...
... possible causes of gastroenteritis, including infections with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Diarrhea may also be a symptom of other diseases, but this is less common. Gastroenteritis is a leading cause of illness in children worldwide, especially in places where children are living in unsanitary ...
Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa
... and are sensitive to sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and other disinfectants [6]. Freezing or refrigeration will not inactivate Ebola viruses [7-9]. The incubation period (the period between infection and first symptoms) is usually four to ten days but can be as short as two days and as long as 21 days ...
... and are sensitive to sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and other disinfectants [6]. Freezing or refrigeration will not inactivate Ebola viruses [7-9]. The incubation period (the period between infection and first symptoms) is usually four to ten days but can be as short as two days and as long as 21 days ...
Bovine Leukemia Virus Gene Segment Detected in Human Breast
... 3.3. Bivariate Analysis To analyze the risk related with age and type of pathology associated with the presence of BLV and cancer, samples were distributed into 4 ages groups (see Table 4), where it was found the presence and absence of BLV and cancer according to each age group. There were no signi ...
... 3.3. Bivariate Analysis To analyze the risk related with age and type of pathology associated with the presence of BLV and cancer, samples were distributed into 4 ages groups (see Table 4), where it was found the presence and absence of BLV and cancer according to each age group. There were no signi ...
Population pharmacokinetics of transdermal fentanyl
... postoperative pain has recently been approved for use in dogs. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) of this formulation have been evaluated in healthy laboratory dogs, but they have not been reported in a clinical population of dogs for which it is indicated. Plasma fentanyl concentrations were determined fro ...
... postoperative pain has recently been approved for use in dogs. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) of this formulation have been evaluated in healthy laboratory dogs, but they have not been reported in a clinical population of dogs for which it is indicated. Plasma fentanyl concentrations were determined fro ...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
... and the underlying biological basis remains unclear. Virus tropism and pathogenesis Quantitative studies of viral load have provided insights into the pathogenesis of SARS. Viral load is higher in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper airways56,57. Viral load in the upper respiratory tract47 ...
... and the underlying biological basis remains unclear. Virus tropism and pathogenesis Quantitative studies of viral load have provided insights into the pathogenesis of SARS. Viral load is higher in the lower respiratory tract than in the upper airways56,57. Viral load in the upper respiratory tract47 ...
Absence - Communicable Diseases
... In accordance with national guidance, this document provides a summary of the recommended periods of absence for school pupils who are, or are thought to be, suffering from an infection which may spread to others. The key to prevention and control of spread of infection is maintaining high standards ...
... In accordance with national guidance, this document provides a summary of the recommended periods of absence for school pupils who are, or are thought to be, suffering from an infection which may spread to others. The key to prevention and control of spread of infection is maintaining high standards ...
WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC/99.1 Influenza Pandemic Plan. The Role of WHO and Guidelines
... During the inter-pandemic period, WHO co-ordinates a program of international surveillance for influenza in humans, with the assistance of four WHO Collaborating Centres (CCs). The Centres are based in Atlanta, USA; London, UK; Melbourne, Australia; and Tokyo, Japan. These Centres maintain repositor ...
... During the inter-pandemic period, WHO co-ordinates a program of international surveillance for influenza in humans, with the assistance of four WHO Collaborating Centres (CCs). The Centres are based in Atlanta, USA; London, UK; Melbourne, Australia; and Tokyo, Japan. These Centres maintain repositor ...
The Veterinary Journal
... Ó 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Diagnosis; Porcine circovirus; PMWS; Postweaning multisytemic wasting syndrome; Review ...
... Ó 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Diagnosis; Porcine circovirus; PMWS; Postweaning multisytemic wasting syndrome; Review ...
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... Conference Papers and WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs) All papers published in English between 1970 and the present day were included. The reference details and abstracts (where available) of the relevant papers identified in all the databases were stored on a Reference Ma ...
... Conference Papers and WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs) All papers published in English between 1970 and the present day were included. The reference details and abstracts (where available) of the relevant papers identified in all the databases were stored on a Reference Ma ...
Pet Policies - Brambleton HOA
... Directors which may convene a hearing in accordance with the procedures set forth in Policy Resolution No. 4. In the event of a pet which causes a serious nuisance or disturbance, the Board may direct that the pet be permanently removed from the property upon the provision of ten days written notice ...
... Directors which may convene a hearing in accordance with the procedures set forth in Policy Resolution No. 4. In the event of a pet which causes a serious nuisance or disturbance, the Board may direct that the pet be permanently removed from the property upon the provision of ten days written notice ...
Hepatitis Screening - UnitedHealthcare Online
... persists for life and confers protection against reinfection. HAV infection is primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route, by either person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated food or water. Although viremia occurs early in infection and can persist for several weeks after onset of s ...
... persists for life and confers protection against reinfection. HAV infection is primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route, by either person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated food or water. Although viremia occurs early in infection and can persist for several weeks after onset of s ...
Exposure control plan for rabies virus in veterinary
... only been documented in cases of transplants. ...
... only been documented in cases of transplants. ...
Canine and feline viral dermatoses with a particular emphasis to
... determine the prevalence of one specific virus in a population, and to detect individuals that have been previously affected by the condition or in contact with the virus. Aims and scope of the thesis: As mentioned above, viral dermatoses are rarely reported in domestic carnivores [3, 22]. The aim o ...
... determine the prevalence of one specific virus in a population, and to detect individuals that have been previously affected by the condition or in contact with the virus. Aims and scope of the thesis: As mentioned above, viral dermatoses are rarely reported in domestic carnivores [3, 22]. The aim o ...
Fadok, Valerie_Atypical_mycobacteriosis
... For most of these cats, immediate surgical excision is not recommended because the surgical sites often dehisce, particularly if the cat is not given the correct antibiotics. We have had some good success with treating with antibiotic therapy for one to two months first, then using wide surgical exc ...
... For most of these cats, immediate surgical excision is not recommended because the surgical sites often dehisce, particularly if the cat is not given the correct antibiotics. We have had some good success with treating with antibiotic therapy for one to two months first, then using wide surgical exc ...
Regional Veterinary Laboratories Surveillance Report 2007
... identification. Leptospirosis and neosporosis may also be detected by using a solid phase immunoassay method for the detection of their specific antibodies in foetal pleural/thoracic fluid and maternal blood. The results recorded for 2007 are broadly similar to results reported in 2006 for BVD virus ...
... identification. Leptospirosis and neosporosis may also be detected by using a solid phase immunoassay method for the detection of their specific antibodies in foetal pleural/thoracic fluid and maternal blood. The results recorded for 2007 are broadly similar to results reported in 2006 for BVD virus ...
Detection of neutralizing antibodies to hepatitis C virus using a
... status for up to 2 months. In vitro infection of biliary cells can be achieved reproducibly and we were able to confirm our initial observations by combining the immunohistochemical detection of HCV antigens with HCV RNA detection. No robust experimental system currently exists for the culture of HC ...
... status for up to 2 months. In vitro infection of biliary cells can be achieved reproducibly and we were able to confirm our initial observations by combining the immunohistochemical detection of HCV antigens with HCV RNA detection. No robust experimental system currently exists for the culture of HC ...
DETECTION PROBABILITY OF ARBOVIRUS INFECTION IN
... in their counties by at least 15 days in the northeastern United States in 2000.17 Early detection of mosquito infection requires intensified sampling and screen large samples of mosquitoes. For example, intensive sampling in the vicinity (3.2 km) of WNV-positive dead birds in three locations in New ...
... in their counties by at least 15 days in the northeastern United States in 2000.17 Early detection of mosquito infection requires intensified sampling and screen large samples of mosquitoes. For example, intensive sampling in the vicinity (3.2 km) of WNV-positive dead birds in three locations in New ...
4-community acquired Pneumonia updated
... • Pneumonia is acute infection leads to inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung (the alveoli) (consolidation and exudation) • The histologically 1. Fibrinopurulent alveolar exudate seen in acute bacterial pneumonias. 2. Mononuclear interstitial infiltrates in viral and other atypical pneumonias 3 ...
... • Pneumonia is acute infection leads to inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung (the alveoli) (consolidation and exudation) • The histologically 1. Fibrinopurulent alveolar exudate seen in acute bacterial pneumonias. 2. Mononuclear interstitial infiltrates in viral and other atypical pneumonias 3 ...
Shingles - Australian Doctor
... skin rash caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox (varicella zoster virus). Like chicken pox, the skin rash of shingles has painful blisters, but it usually only occurs in a narrow band extending from the spine to one side of the abdomen, or chest, or on the face or scalp. Shingles can only ...
... skin rash caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox (varicella zoster virus). Like chicken pox, the skin rash of shingles has painful blisters, but it usually only occurs in a narrow band extending from the spine to one side of the abdomen, or chest, or on the face or scalp. Shingles can only ...
Cost-Benefit Analysis - Colorado Secretary of State
... unheated, naturally ventilated buildings housing small breed or short haired dogs year round in areas where interior temperatures can reach below freezing for many hours. Heat should be provided for the dogs within the building since the enclosures themselves are not required to be adequate to enabl ...
... unheated, naturally ventilated buildings housing small breed or short haired dogs year round in areas where interior temperatures can reach below freezing for many hours. Heat should be provided for the dogs within the building since the enclosures themselves are not required to be adequate to enabl ...
GLANDERS (Droes, Farcy, Malleus) q Definition q Etiology q Host
... The organism is destroyed by direct sunlight and is sensitive to desiccation. It is readily killed by common disinfectants. It may survive for up to 6 weeks in infected stables (3). Host Range top Glanders is primarily a disease of solipeds — particularly horses, donkeys, and mules. Traditionally, d ...
... The organism is destroyed by direct sunlight and is sensitive to desiccation. It is readily killed by common disinfectants. It may survive for up to 6 weeks in infected stables (3). Host Range top Glanders is primarily a disease of solipeds — particularly horses, donkeys, and mules. Traditionally, d ...
Canine distemper
Canine distemper (sometimes termed hardpad disease in canine) is a viral disease that affects a wide variety of animal families, including domestic and wild species of dogs, coyotes, foxes, pandas, wolves, ferrets, skunks, raccoons, and large cats, as well as pinnipeds, some primates, and a variety of other species. It was long believed that animals in the family Felidae, including many species of large cat as well as domestic cats, were resistant to canine distemper, until some researchers reported the prevalence of CDV infection in large felids. It is now known that both large Felidae and domestic cats can be infected, usually through close housing with dogs or possibly blood transfusion from infected cats, but such infections appear to be self-limiting and largely without symptoms.In canines, distemper impacts several body systems, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and the spinal cord and brain, with common symptoms that include high fever, eye inflammation and eye/nose discharge, labored breathing and coughing, vomiting and diarrhea, loss of appetite and lethargy, and hardening of nose and footpads. The viral infection can be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections and can present eventual serious neurological symptoms.Canine distemper is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus of the family paramyxovirus (the same family of the distinct virus that causes measles in humans). The disease is highly contagious via inhalation and fatal 50% of the time.Template:Where? Despite extensive vaccination in many regions, it remains a major disease of dogs, and is the leading cause of infectious disease death in dogs.