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Frequently Asked Questions: Viral Meningitis
Frequently Asked Questions: Viral Meningitis

... What is the treatment for viral meningitis? In general, there are no medications to fight the germs that cause viral meningitis, so treatment is usually aimed at relieving the patient's symptoms. This includes rest, fluids, and fever-reducing medication. ...
Infections - Eastbourne, Hailsham and Seaford CCG
Infections - Eastbourne, Hailsham and Seaford CCG

... 5. Prescribe an antibiotic only when there is likely to be a clear clinical benefit. 6. Consider a no, or delayed, antibiotic strategy for acute self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections, and mild UTI symptoms 7. Limit prescribing over the telephone to exceptional cases. 8. Use simple generic ...
Prosthetic joint infections: update in diagnosis and treatment
Prosthetic joint infections: update in diagnosis and treatment

... Histopathological examination of the periprosthetic tissue demonstrates generally a sensitivity >80% and a specificity >90% [32]. However, the degree of infiltration with inflammatory cells may vary considerably between specimens from the same patient, even within individual tissue sections. Therefo ...
Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Bovine
Epidemiology of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Bovine

... outbreaks of a severe acute infection that cause a haemorrhagic syndrome (Rebhun et al., 1989; Carman et al., 1998). However, subclinical infections are common with both genotypes. By molecular studies, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 are further subdivided into at least 11 subtypes for BVDV-1 and 2 subtypes for ...
Serious Soft Tissue Infections of the Head and Neck. (American Family
Serious Soft Tissue Infections of the Head and Neck. (American Family

... cervical vertebral bodies (Figure 6). The width of soft tissue should not exceed 7 mm at C2 and 22 mm at C6. Because exhalation can produce retropharyngeal bulging in normal children, radiographs made during inspiration are most appropriate for detecting retropharyngeal abscess. CT scanning is usefu ...
Epstein–Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infections
Epstein–Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infections

... herpes virus 6 disease (HHV6), acute retroviral syndrome, secondary disseminated syphilis, and acute toxoplasmosis (Hurt and Tammaro 2007). Other manifestations of EBV IM include severe tonsillitis (which can potentially interfere with swallowing), splenomegaly (with a small risk of splenic rupture) ...
West Nile Virus - Providers - Select Health of South Carolina
West Nile Virus - Providers - Select Health of South Carolina

... time of initial presentation, serum samples should be stored and tested at a later time with convalescent phase serum samples. Such testing is indicated for the retrospective diagnosis of infection with a specific ...
The Regionalisation of Avian Flu in Southeast Asia
The Regionalisation of Avian Flu in Southeast Asia

... The second question can be ultimately answered as a failure – at some level or levels – of the host nation-state, which if left unchecked can then spill over the border into other states. Colebatch and Larmour identify three meta-level sectors where such failures can occur: the bureaucracy, the mark ...
Human enteric viruses in the water environment: a
Human enteric viruses in the water environment: a

... Some viral infections are spread by means of continual lowlevel transmission through the environment. The nature of most enteric virus diseases is such that they elude epidemiological studies. Many viruses cause inapparent or silent infections that go unrecognized until secondary personto-person spr ...
Human enteric viruses in the water environment
Human enteric viruses in the water environment

... Some viral infections are spread by means of continual lowlevel transmission through the environment. The nature of most enteric virus diseases is such that they elude epidemiological studies. Many viruses cause inapparent or silent infections that go unrecognized until secondary personto-person spr ...
International Journal of Livestock Research ISSN 2277
International Journal of Livestock Research ISSN 2277

... Hantann virus complex was first reported in Korea but subsequently the infection was recorded in Asia and Europe. The first identified outbreaks of Ebola virus fever in humans were noticed in Sudan and Zaire with mortality rate of 67 per cent. A massive epidemic of Rift Valley fever involving thousa ...
lymphadenopathy
lymphadenopathy

... Some infections are more likely to cause swollen painful lymph nodes than others. These include glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis), measles, brucellosis (caught by meat workers), septicaemia (blood infection), tuberculosis (TB), toxoplasmosis (carried by cats), cat scratch disease, and the c ...
Freshwater crayfish Astacus astacus
Freshwater crayfish Astacus astacus

... O.lg-l fish). Their haernolymph was checked for the presence of virus at 2 , 4 , 6, 8, 12, and 24 d after feeding. After 34 d , the freshwater crayfish were again fed on the IPNV-infected tissue of rainbow trout. The haernolymph of the infected crayfish was examined for virus weekly. They were kille ...
Infectious Diseases Resource for Emergency Service Workers
Infectious Diseases Resource for Emergency Service Workers

... b) recognition of symptoms of infection such as diarrhea and/or vomiting, cough, fever. Questions to Ask: Do I need protection for what I am about to do because there is a risk of exposure to blood and body fluids, mucous membranes, non-intact skin or contaminated equipment? (I must follow Routine P ...
Viral Exanthems - American Academy of Dermatology
Viral Exanthems - American Academy of Dermatology

...  What else would you like to know about Kylie? a. Any sick contacts (Identification of infected or exposed individuals will help control the potential outbreak) b. Have you been in close contact with any pregnant women or immunocompromised individuals? (Important to identify these at risk individua ...
Pandemic Influenza
Pandemic Influenza

... Avian influenza, or “bird flu,” is a contagious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds, and less commonly, pigs. Most strains pose no threat to human health. However, one particular strain (H5N1) is extremely infectious and fatal to chickens and ducks, and in some insta ...
oral pathology - Buffalo Academy of Veterinary Medicine
oral pathology - Buffalo Academy of Veterinary Medicine

... change in fluid velocity is translated into electrical signals by the sensory fibers located within the tubules or subjacent odontoblast layer. These signals result in the sensation of pain (or sensitivity) within the tooth. It is rare for veterinary patients to show this discomfort, but occasional ...
Hepatitis C Molecular Diagnosis in the Era of DAAs
Hepatitis C Molecular Diagnosis in the Era of DAAs

... including durations and drug combinations appropriate for use for treatment of a particular patient, which vary according to HCV genotype. Subtyping of HCV genotypes has also proven important due to the lower barrier to resistance of genotype 1a isolates compared to genotype 1b for multiple classes ...
G. Couto 1 CLINICAL APPROACH TO THE BLEEDING
G. Couto 1 CLINICAL APPROACH TO THE BLEEDING

... through activation of the coagulation cascade; and fibrinolysis refers to the lysis of a clot or thrombus through activation of plasminogen into plasmin. The natural anticoagulants oppose the effects of the components of the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways. The secondary hemostatic system ...
Influenza A (H1N1) - AIDS Education and Training Centers
Influenza A (H1N1) - AIDS Education and Training Centers

... Drink clear fluids to keep from being dehydrated Cover coughs and sneezes Clean hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand rub often and especially after using tissues and after coughing or sneezing into hands. ...
infectious disease serologic survey in free
infectious disease serologic survey in free

... have been reported (with titers of up to 6,400).17 The low-level titers detected in the anacondas in the present study may represent early infection, waning titers from previous infection, antibody responses to Leptospira antigens present in ingested prey items, or antibodies to Leptospira serovars ...
Diarrhea - Gastroenterology Consultants of San Antonio
Diarrhea - Gastroenterology Consultants of San Antonio

... Acute Diarrhea is one of the most commonly reported illnesses in the United States, second only to respiratory infections. Worldwide, it is the leading cause of mortality in children younger than four years old. An increased number of stools or looser form than is customary for the patient, lasting ...
Salmonella - Worms and Germs
Salmonella - Worms and Germs

... Any animal with a confirmed or suspected Salmonella infection should be kept separate from other animals, particularly young, geriatric, immunocompromised or otherwise sick pets. High-risk individuals (e.g. young, elderly and immunocompromised persons) should avoid contact with any known Salmonella- ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Slow Virus Infections of the Nervous System
REVIEW ARTICLE Slow Virus Infections of the Nervous System

... can be recovered throughout the period of infection by co-cultivation of peripheral blood leukocytes with sheep choroid plexus cells. Preliminary data suggest that lymphocytes might be the site of virus replication (Petursson et al. 1976). However, only the sheep brain seems to be the target organ f ...
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that may affect
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that may affect

... Relief of IBS symptoms is often a slow process. It may take six months or more for definite improvement to be appreciated. Patience is extremely important in dealing with this problem. The tendency for the intestine to respond to stress will always be present. With attention to proper diet, an incre ...
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Canine parvovirus



Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2, colloquially parvo) is a contagious virus mainly affecting dogs, and thought to originate in cats. The current belief is that the feline panleukopenia mutated into CPV2. Parvo is highly contagious and is spread from dog to dog by direct or indirect contact with their faeces. Vaccines can prevent this infection, but mortality can reach 91% in untreated cases. Treatment often involves veterinary hospitalization. Canine parvovirus may infect other mammals; however, it will not infect humans.
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