![Review of Ocean Literacy in European Maritime Policy](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003518131_1-8a87754295de515b435dcb613149fdee-300x300.png)
Review of Ocean Literacy in European Maritime Policy
... coastline 89,000 km in length, Europe has an estimated coastal population of at least 200 million (Depledge et al., 2013) and in line with worldwide trends; population sizes along Europe's coasts are increasing. Global ecosystem services provided by the ocean, and on which we depend, include raw mat ...
... coastline 89,000 km in length, Europe has an estimated coastal population of at least 200 million (Depledge et al., 2013) and in line with worldwide trends; population sizes along Europe's coasts are increasing. Global ecosystem services provided by the ocean, and on which we depend, include raw mat ...
Diversity and distribution of pigmented heterotrophic bacteria in
... bacterial carotenoids in marine environments. In view of the strong light absorption of carotenoids in the near-blue spectral region, the heterotrophic bacteria may contribute more to marine light absorption and light energy transformation than previously thought. Despite the great progress that has ...
... bacterial carotenoids in marine environments. In view of the strong light absorption of carotenoids in the near-blue spectral region, the heterotrophic bacteria may contribute more to marine light absorption and light energy transformation than previously thought. Despite the great progress that has ...
new zealand`s oceans policy - Victoria University of Wellington
... management agencies and legislation as well as to a concomitant lack of uniformity in the development of higher level policy aims.34 Fundamentally, rectifying these problems lies at the heart of the Oceans Policy. Moreover, whilst the present regulatory system is, at times, adequate in managing simp ...
... management agencies and legislation as well as to a concomitant lack of uniformity in the development of higher level policy aims.34 Fundamentally, rectifying these problems lies at the heart of the Oceans Policy. Moreover, whilst the present regulatory system is, at times, adequate in managing simp ...
First Census of Marine Life 2010: Highlights of a Decade of Discovery
... us. In Australia, explorers encountered a shrimp thought to have gone extinct 50 million years ago. Off Africa’s Mauretanian coast, they found relics of cold-water corals extending over 400 kilometers in waters 500 meters deep in one of the world’s longest reefs. Near Chile, they found giant mats of ...
... us. In Australia, explorers encountered a shrimp thought to have gone extinct 50 million years ago. Off Africa’s Mauretanian coast, they found relics of cold-water corals extending over 400 kilometers in waters 500 meters deep in one of the world’s longest reefs. Near Chile, they found giant mats of ...
Mesoscale Eddies Are Oases for Higher Trophic Marine Life
... Eddies advect, mix, and redistribute water masses [1] with significant impacts on the production, distributions, and densities of marine life. Strong associations between the environment and corresponding biological responses are well documented: upwelling stimulates production by renewing nutrient ...
... Eddies advect, mix, and redistribute water masses [1] with significant impacts on the production, distributions, and densities of marine life. Strong associations between the environment and corresponding biological responses are well documented: upwelling stimulates production by renewing nutrient ...
River-gulf system—the major location of marine source rock formation
... petroleum resources, whereas fore-arc basins are poor (Tong, 2002). This is because back-arc basins have a large river inflow which provides nutrients for phytoplankton growth, whereas, fore-arc basins have no rivers feeding them. That is why petroleum-rich basins are common on the continental margi ...
... petroleum resources, whereas fore-arc basins are poor (Tong, 2002). This is because back-arc basins have a large river inflow which provides nutrients for phytoplankton growth, whereas, fore-arc basins have no rivers feeding them. That is why petroleum-rich basins are common on the continental margi ...
IMOS National Reference Station (NRS) Network
... AODN portal with ‘marine geo’ base layer, and coastal waters and 200 metre layers from GA added in. ...
... AODN portal with ‘marine geo’ base layer, and coastal waters and 200 metre layers from GA added in. ...
Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University, 2007-2012
... Even though so many prokaryotes reside in the deep biosphere, the energy flux available to them from buried organic carbon is less than one percent of the photosynthetically fixed carbon on the surface of our planet. With increasing depth and age of marine sediments, microbial cells become increasin ...
... Even though so many prokaryotes reside in the deep biosphere, the energy flux available to them from buried organic carbon is less than one percent of the photosynthetically fixed carbon on the surface of our planet. With increasing depth and age of marine sediments, microbial cells become increasin ...
draft summary report on the description of areas meeting the
... The Natal Bight is important for numerous ecological processes, including terrestrial-marine connectivity, larval retention, and recruitment and provides important nursery and foraging areas. The area is home to rare habitat types and supports some species known to exist in few localities. Cool M ...
... The Natal Bight is important for numerous ecological processes, including terrestrial-marine connectivity, larval retention, and recruitment and provides important nursery and foraging areas. The area is home to rare habitat types and supports some species known to exist in few localities. Cool M ...
Table of Contents
... (high confidence) since 1971 is from thermal expansion and glaciers in Greenland. Thermal expansion has occurred as the top 30 meters (1,000 feet) has warmed by 0.3°C (0.5°F) over the past 50 years. Since the early 1990s, the contribution of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica to sea level rise h ...
... (high confidence) since 1971 is from thermal expansion and glaciers in Greenland. Thermal expansion has occurred as the top 30 meters (1,000 feet) has warmed by 0.3°C (0.5°F) over the past 50 years. Since the early 1990s, the contribution of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica to sea level rise h ...
Race Rocks (XwaYeN) Proposed Marine Protected Area Ecosystem
... this area have declined by more than 98% since the mid-1980s (COSEWIC 2009). In close proximity to Race Rocks (XwaYeN) is the William Head Penitentiary. Due to access restrictions enforced by a prison, the waters around William Head have resulted in a de facto marine reserve since 1958 (Wallace 1999 ...
... this area have declined by more than 98% since the mid-1980s (COSEWIC 2009). In close proximity to Race Rocks (XwaYeN) is the William Head Penitentiary. Due to access restrictions enforced by a prison, the waters around William Head have resulted in a de facto marine reserve since 1958 (Wallace 1999 ...
ARTHROPODS HOST INTRACELLULAR CHEMOSYNTHETIC
... et al., 2008) is striking and may indicate a shared bacterial lineage or convergence. We are currently examining the bacteria found in and on T. pearsei to examine their metabolic pathways and to determine how closely related these symbionts are to those found in other systems. We found mitochondria ...
... et al., 2008) is striking and may indicate a shared bacterial lineage or convergence. We are currently examining the bacteria found in and on T. pearsei to examine their metabolic pathways and to determine how closely related these symbionts are to those found in other systems. We found mitochondria ...
Upper Arctic Ocean water masses harbor distinct
... current environmental selection, and different taxa may be indicative of food webs that cycle carbon and energy very differently. While all oceanic water columns can be density stratified due to the temperature and salinity characteristics of different water masses, the Arctic Ocean is particularly ...
... current environmental selection, and different taxa may be indicative of food webs that cycle carbon and energy very differently. While all oceanic water columns can be density stratified due to the temperature and salinity characteristics of different water masses, the Arctic Ocean is particularly ...
EUSeaMap: A broad-scale physical habitat map for European Seas
... levels of the marine classification of EUNIS are primarily defined using abiotic variables (substrate, depth, etc.) which are categorised in a way that is relevant to the biological communities they support. Having separated marine habitats at Level 1 (EUNIS code: A), Level 2 identifies eight broad ...
... levels of the marine classification of EUNIS are primarily defined using abiotic variables (substrate, depth, etc.) which are categorised in a way that is relevant to the biological communities they support. Having separated marine habitats at Level 1 (EUNIS code: A), Level 2 identifies eight broad ...
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
... supports a wide range of services such as climate research, ocean forecasts, and even search and rescue operations, such as efforts to find the wreckage of the Malaysian Airlines flight MH370. The intergovernmental coordination supported by GOOS means that all IOC Member States benefit from a combin ...
... supports a wide range of services such as climate research, ocean forecasts, and even search and rescue operations, such as efforts to find the wreckage of the Malaysian Airlines flight MH370. The intergovernmental coordination supported by GOOS means that all IOC Member States benefit from a combin ...
sorting Out sediment grain size and plastic pollution
... are smaller than sand, such as silt and clay, can stay suspended scientists discovered that microscopic pieces of plastic can for days to weeks, depending on conditions. The turbidity be found everywhere in the ocean, even inside plankton, the caused by these fine particles can be harmful to marine ...
... are smaller than sand, such as silt and clay, can stay suspended scientists discovered that microscopic pieces of plastic can for days to weeks, depending on conditions. The turbidity be found everywhere in the ocean, even inside plankton, the caused by these fine particles can be harmful to marine ...
An Overview on the Occurrences of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs
... Since 1972, regular coastal monitoring has been conducted by the NFRDI to assess coastal water quality and its impact on marine flora and fauna. Under this project, a suite of biological and chemical parameters are being monitored. Monitoring has been carried out on four occasions from February to N ...
... Since 1972, regular coastal monitoring has been conducted by the NFRDI to assess coastal water quality and its impact on marine flora and fauna. Under this project, a suite of biological and chemical parameters are being monitored. Monitoring has been carried out on four occasions from February to N ...
Estimation of the Barrier Layer Thickness in the Indian Ocean using
... • Equatorial downwelling Rossby waves create favorable condi7ons in the western Indian Ocean for the development of MJO related convec7on. • The deepening of the warmer mixed layer provides an ...
... • Equatorial downwelling Rossby waves create favorable condi7ons in the western Indian Ocean for the development of MJO related convec7on. • The deepening of the warmer mixed layer provides an ...
Marine Calcifiers in a High-CO Ocean
... hydrochloric acid to achieve target pCO2 values calcification (8); (bottom left) nonlinear response (7); (5, 6). The former method more closely mimics (bottom right) no change (7). Similar response patocean acidification because it increases the terns have been identified in benthic organisms (12). ...
... hydrochloric acid to achieve target pCO2 values calcification (8); (bottom left) nonlinear response (7); (5, 6). The former method more closely mimics (bottom right) no change (7). Similar response patocean acidification because it increases the terns have been identified in benthic organisms (12). ...
oceans, seafloor, and continental margins
... • Shells of dead calcareous plankton sinking to deeper waters are practically unaltered until reaching the lysocline where the solubility increases dramatically. • By the time the CCD is reached all calcium carbonate has dissolved according to this equation: ...
... • Shells of dead calcareous plankton sinking to deeper waters are practically unaltered until reaching the lysocline where the solubility increases dramatically. • By the time the CCD is reached all calcium carbonate has dissolved according to this equation: ...
Dohan, K., and N. Maximenko, 2010: Monitoring ocean currents with
... are often less than 100-km wide. They are also intense, at speeds on the order of 2 m s-1, or 175 km day -1, and are responsible for significant poleward heat transport. For example, the Gulf Stream (the WBC along the eastern coast of North America) transports warm waters toward the western coast of ...
... are often less than 100-km wide. They are also intense, at speeds on the order of 2 m s-1, or 175 km day -1, and are responsible for significant poleward heat transport. For example, the Gulf Stream (the WBC along the eastern coast of North America) transports warm waters toward the western coast of ...
State Water Resources Control Board Division of Water Quality Arnold Schwarzenegger
... California Ocean Plan (Ocean Plan) has prohibited waste discharges to ASBS (SWRCB 1983). Similar to previous versions of the Ocean Plan, the 2001 Ocean Plan (SWRCB 2001) states: “Waste shall not be discharged to areas designated as being of special biological significance. Discharges shall be locate ...
... California Ocean Plan (Ocean Plan) has prohibited waste discharges to ASBS (SWRCB 1983). Similar to previous versions of the Ocean Plan, the 2001 Ocean Plan (SWRCB 2001) states: “Waste shall not be discharged to areas designated as being of special biological significance. Discharges shall be locate ...
3 - CBD
... recognized that the Convention on Biological Diversity has a key role in supporting the work of the General Assembly with regard to marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction, by focusing on provision of scientific and, as appropriate, technical information and advice relating to marine bio ...
... recognized that the Convention on Biological Diversity has a key role in supporting the work of the General Assembly with regard to marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction, by focusing on provision of scientific and, as appropriate, technical information and advice relating to marine bio ...
Effects of Chemical and Mechanical Weathering Processes on the
... debris entering the natural environment (Moore 2008). Sampling conducted by The Algalita Marine Research Foundation (AMRF) at one locality near the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers in California, recorded 60 tonnes (representing 2.3 billion pieces) of plastic debris >1mm in size travelling towards ...
... debris entering the natural environment (Moore 2008). Sampling conducted by The Algalita Marine Research Foundation (AMRF) at one locality near the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers in California, recorded 60 tonnes (representing 2.3 billion pieces) of plastic debris >1mm in size travelling towards ...
chapter 8 ocean in the earth system
... that is, water density does not vary significantly with increasing pressure. To a good first approximation, the pressure at any point in a water column is directly related to depth and the relationship is linear; that is, doubling the depth doubles the pressure. At a depth of 10.33 m, the water pres ...
... that is, water density does not vary significantly with increasing pressure. To a good first approximation, the pressure at any point in a water column is directly related to depth and the relationship is linear; that is, doubling the depth doubles the pressure. At a depth of 10.33 m, the water pres ...
Marine pollution
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Obvious_water_pollution.jpeg?width=300)
Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine pollution are land based. The pollution often comes from nonpoint sources such as agricultural runoff, wind-blown debris and dust. Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients. It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algae growth.Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthos animals, most of which are either deposit or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic.When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, as well as diseases, which can be harmful to humans as well as the entire food web.Toxic metals can also be introduced into marine food webs. These can cause a change to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction, and suppress growth in marine life. Also, many animal feeds have a high fish meal or fish hydrolysate content. In this way, marine toxins can be transferred to land animals, and appear later in meat and dairy products.