![the north water polynya](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005783201_1-038a603bb933a74060a61726ac5be422-300x300.png)
the north water polynya
... polynya at about 80,000 square kilometers. Named the ’North Water‘ by 19th century whalers who relied on it for spring passage, the polynya is kept open by wind, tides and an ice bridge on its northern edge. Although thin ice forms in some areas, the North Water Polynya occurs seasonally at the same ...
... polynya at about 80,000 square kilometers. Named the ’North Water‘ by 19th century whalers who relied on it for spring passage, the polynya is kept open by wind, tides and an ice bridge on its northern edge. Although thin ice forms in some areas, the North Water Polynya occurs seasonally at the same ...
Analysis of Equatorial Currents Observed by Eastern Indian Ocean
... deeper layer in the east because of an increased upper mixed layer (Fig. 3) induced by strong eastward surface transports (Schott and McCreary, 2001). The jet reached a depth of 80 m in the east but a depth of only 50 m in the west. Another weaker eastward current with a maximum speed of 0.5 m s–1 i ...
... deeper layer in the east because of an increased upper mixed layer (Fig. 3) induced by strong eastward surface transports (Schott and McCreary, 2001). The jet reached a depth of 80 m in the east but a depth of only 50 m in the west. Another weaker eastward current with a maximum speed of 0.5 m s–1 i ...
CAGE
... Sea over the last 50 years. The hydrate stability zone thickness is highly sensitive to the gas composition and the geothermal gradient, and show very high local variability. Ocean warming primarily affects hydrate stability most likely only in the upper few tens of meters of sediments. Our results ...
... Sea over the last 50 years. The hydrate stability zone thickness is highly sensitive to the gas composition and the geothermal gradient, and show very high local variability. Ocean warming primarily affects hydrate stability most likely only in the upper few tens of meters of sediments. Our results ...
Nutrients and organic matter distributions in the NW Iberian margin
... (<15°C) and relatively mixed upwelled waters on the shelf. 2) The warm (>17°C) and stratified surface waters (<40 m) of the adjacent ocean. 3) The subsurface (50-100 m) high salinity core (>35.85 pss) of subtropical water which provokes the isotherms bowling observed at the slope stations. This high ...
... (<15°C) and relatively mixed upwelled waters on the shelf. 2) The warm (>17°C) and stratified surface waters (<40 m) of the adjacent ocean. 3) The subsurface (50-100 m) high salinity core (>35.85 pss) of subtropical water which provokes the isotherms bowling observed at the slope stations. This high ...
COM COM(2008)
... specific areas of ERA and enhanced "partnership" governance under the so-called Ljubljana Process5. The proposed Marine and Maritime Research Strategy is consistent with, and forms part of, the wider ERA policy development. It has a fundamental role to play in European research policy, because it r ...
... specific areas of ERA and enhanced "partnership" governance under the so-called Ljubljana Process5. The proposed Marine and Maritime Research Strategy is consistent with, and forms part of, the wider ERA policy development. It has a fundamental role to play in European research policy, because it r ...
Fulltext: english,
... Helsinki Convention (HELCOM, as it is called in shorthand, covers the whole of the Baltic Sea area, including inland waters as well as the water of the sea itself and the sea-bed. HELCOM Parties do not include all tributaries (for example Belarus is not a Party) but they are included in the action p ...
... Helsinki Convention (HELCOM, as it is called in shorthand, covers the whole of the Baltic Sea area, including inland waters as well as the water of the sea itself and the sea-bed. HELCOM Parties do not include all tributaries (for example Belarus is not a Party) but they are included in the action p ...
Effects of surface current–wind interaction in an
... The study of Martin and Richards (2001) includes a drastic demonstration of this effect. The authors argue that even a spatially uniform wind blowing over an ocean eddy should yield significant wind stress curls and an associated vertical Ekman pumping of the order of ≈ 0.5 m d−1 in typical open-oce ...
... The study of Martin and Richards (2001) includes a drastic demonstration of this effect. The authors argue that even a spatially uniform wind blowing over an ocean eddy should yield significant wind stress curls and an associated vertical Ekman pumping of the order of ≈ 0.5 m d−1 in typical open-oce ...
i a r o u n d w h o...
... But by summer’s end, each found himself or things,” said Tara Hetz, from St. Lawrence want to do, and I’m getting paid for it!’ I University. She worked on lobster fisheries herself immersed in life at WHOI. still think the kids feel that way. They’re with research specialist Hauke Kite-Powell “If y ...
... But by summer’s end, each found himself or things,” said Tara Hetz, from St. Lawrence want to do, and I’m getting paid for it!’ I University. She worked on lobster fisheries herself immersed in life at WHOI. still think the kids feel that way. They’re with research specialist Hauke Kite-Powell “If y ...
Observed and projected trends in Antarctic sea ice
... satellite era. We view The timescale at which the upper ocean transitions these observations as strong evidence that the observed from the fast surface cooling to the eventual warming in trends in Southern Ocean sea ice and SSTs since 1950 response to westerly wind forcing is of critical importance ...
... satellite era. We view The timescale at which the upper ocean transitions these observations as strong evidence that the observed from the fast surface cooling to the eventual warming in trends in Southern Ocean sea ice and SSTs since 1950 response to westerly wind forcing is of critical importance ...
Changes in the ventilation of the southern oceans
... Oceanic measurements of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can, as their atmospheric concentrations have increased rapidly from the 1930s to the mid-1990s and they are conserved within the oceans, be used to constrain the rates and pathways of ocean ventilation [13–15]. In the next section, we review severa ...
... Oceanic measurements of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can, as their atmospheric concentrations have increased rapidly from the 1930s to the mid-1990s and they are conserved within the oceans, be used to constrain the rates and pathways of ocean ventilation [13–15]. In the next section, we review severa ...
Progress in satellite remote sensing for studying physical
... such as over-head views of hurricanes and weather systems. Such images illustrate the challenges in visible spectrum remote-sensing: clouds, sea mist, or aerosol contamination such as desert dust can all block the view of the (often more subtler) colour changes within the surface ocean. These “ocean ...
... such as over-head views of hurricanes and weather systems. Such images illustrate the challenges in visible spectrum remote-sensing: clouds, sea mist, or aerosol contamination such as desert dust can all block the view of the (often more subtler) colour changes within the surface ocean. These “ocean ...
Chapter 51. Biological Communities on Seamounts and Other
... ecologically, and human activity, such as fishing, focuses on both. We therefore include here all such features with heights > 100 m. Only 6.5 per cent of the deep seafloor has been mapped, so the global number of seamounts must be estimated, usually from a combination of satellite altimetry and mul ...
... ecologically, and human activity, such as fishing, focuses on both. We therefore include here all such features with heights > 100 m. Only 6.5 per cent of the deep seafloor has been mapped, so the global number of seamounts must be estimated, usually from a combination of satellite altimetry and mul ...
Blue carbon in human-dominated estuarine and shallow coastal
... sediments vertically accrete, carbon burial occurs continuously unless significant, long-term elevation changes occur (e.g., sediment loss due to erosion and subsidence). The carbon that accumulates in sediments mineralizes slowly in subsurface layers where anoxic conditions exist and can be isolate ...
... sediments vertically accrete, carbon burial occurs continuously unless significant, long-term elevation changes occur (e.g., sediment loss due to erosion and subsidence). The carbon that accumulates in sediments mineralizes slowly in subsurface layers where anoxic conditions exist and can be isolate ...
Potential locations for macro-algae farming off
... uptake of macro-algae in large-scale supply chains will need a range of sites around the UK to be explored. An earlier study by Cefas (Aldridge et al. 2012) showed that nutrient concentrations in winter and early spring can be an important factor in determining the yield of an algal crop during the ...
... uptake of macro-algae in large-scale supply chains will need a range of sites around the UK to be explored. An earlier study by Cefas (Aldridge et al. 2012) showed that nutrient concentrations in winter and early spring can be an important factor in determining the yield of an algal crop during the ...
Quantification of nitrogenase in Trichodesmium IMS 101 - C-MORE
... regions: the Subtropical North Pacific, Tropical North Atlantic and a bloom in the Arabian Sea (Table 1). The value of 50 ng C trichome-1 is based on measurements of particulate carbon (PC) from single filaments collected off Hawaii at station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific (Letelier and Kar ...
... regions: the Subtropical North Pacific, Tropical North Atlantic and a bloom in the Arabian Sea (Table 1). The value of 50 ng C trichome-1 is based on measurements of particulate carbon (PC) from single filaments collected off Hawaii at station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific (Letelier and Kar ...
Regional-scale benthic monitoring for ecosystem
... the Western Australian coastline; the Houtman Abrolhos Islands (“Abrolhos”) and Rottnest Island (“Rottnest”; Figure 1). These locations have been identified as key indicator regions because of their ecological sensitivity and socio-economic importance. The Abrolhos Islands, 80 km off mainland Austra ...
... the Western Australian coastline; the Houtman Abrolhos Islands (“Abrolhos”) and Rottnest Island (“Rottnest”; Figure 1). These locations have been identified as key indicator regions because of their ecological sensitivity and socio-economic importance. The Abrolhos Islands, 80 km off mainland Austra ...
national institute of oceanography goa-india
... medium sand class and the extent of this zone is about 1.5 km on the southern side and 3 km on the northern side. This is followed by sediments with mean grain size in the coarser end of fine sand class and the extent of this zone is about 3 km in the north and ...
... medium sand class and the extent of this zone is about 1.5 km on the southern side and 3 km on the northern side. This is followed by sediments with mean grain size in the coarser end of fine sand class and the extent of this zone is about 3 km in the north and ...
The Submarine Volcano Eruption off El Hierro Island: Effects on the
... and spatially coincident profiles of dissolved oxygen. The acoustic measuring unit was the Volume Backscattering Strength (Sv , units: dB re 1 m{1 ) and the minimum detection threshold was set at 2 80 dB. Acoustic, satellite and hydrographic data were integrated and plotted using MATLAB software. In ...
... and spatially coincident profiles of dissolved oxygen. The acoustic measuring unit was the Volume Backscattering Strength (Sv , units: dB re 1 m{1 ) and the minimum detection threshold was set at 2 80 dB. Acoustic, satellite and hydrographic data were integrated and plotted using MATLAB software. In ...
on the edge of the abyss
... which also probably gets much of its food from bacteria, this time attached to the outside of the worm’s body. Many typically live together in large honeycomb-like colonies around vent openings from which floods superheated water in excess of 150°C.9 These and other worms around these vents may well ...
... which also probably gets much of its food from bacteria, this time attached to the outside of the worm’s body. Many typically live together in large honeycomb-like colonies around vent openings from which floods superheated water in excess of 150°C.9 These and other worms around these vents may well ...
NGU Report 2006.067 Sediment composition and heavy
... pages. A single core from each sampling station was sliced every centimetre and frozen onboard for organic and inorganic geochemical as well as sedimentological analyses. This report presents the first inorganic geochemical and sedimentological results from the surface sample (0-1 cm) data set. The ...
... pages. A single core from each sampling station was sliced every centimetre and frozen onboard for organic and inorganic geochemical as well as sedimentological analyses. This report presents the first inorganic geochemical and sedimentological results from the surface sample (0-1 cm) data set. The ...
HELCOM Red List AA.E1C4
... In contrast to pure marine environments, for example the coast of Norway and Great Britain, the kelp biotopes in the Baltic Sea do not grow in the intertidal or the uppermost sublittoral zone. In brackish conditions the depth distribution of the biotope is shifted to deeper areas (with higher salini ...
... In contrast to pure marine environments, for example the coast of Norway and Great Britain, the kelp biotopes in the Baltic Sea do not grow in the intertidal or the uppermost sublittoral zone. In brackish conditions the depth distribution of the biotope is shifted to deeper areas (with higher salini ...
Sediments Are Historical Records of Ocean
... Earth’s hot interior. Marine sediment is composed of particles from land, from biological activity in the ocean, from chemical processes within water, and even from space. The blanket of seafloor sediment is thickest at the continental margins and thinnest over the active oceanic ridges. Sediments m ...
... Earth’s hot interior. Marine sediment is composed of particles from land, from biological activity in the ocean, from chemical processes within water, and even from space. The blanket of seafloor sediment is thickest at the continental margins and thinnest over the active oceanic ridges. Sediments m ...
Scientific Ocean Drilling - Division on Earth and Life Studies
... has revolutionized understanding of subsurface microbial communities living near the known limits of life. Earth’s Climate History The seafloor holds a geological archive of Earth’s climate history that extends for tens of millions of years, beyond the timeframe that can be captured using instrument ...
... has revolutionized understanding of subsurface microbial communities living near the known limits of life. Earth’s Climate History The seafloor holds a geological archive of Earth’s climate history that extends for tens of millions of years, beyond the timeframe that can be captured using instrument ...
Meridional shifts of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone since
... South of the modern ITCZ, our surface salinity proxy records are antiphased with those from the north, indicating moderately fresher conditions during the LGM relative to core-top values (Fig. 3). Enhanced speleothem growth in lowland Brazil (∼10◦ S) and high water levels at Lake Titicaca in Peru (1 ...
... South of the modern ITCZ, our surface salinity proxy records are antiphased with those from the north, indicating moderately fresher conditions during the LGM relative to core-top values (Fig. 3). Enhanced speleothem growth in lowland Brazil (∼10◦ S) and high water levels at Lake Titicaca in Peru (1 ...
Review of Ocean Literacy in European Maritime Policy
... coastline 89,000 km in length, Europe has an estimated coastal population of at least 200 million (Depledge et al., 2013) and in line with worldwide trends; population sizes along Europe's coasts are increasing. Global ecosystem services provided by the ocean, and on which we depend, include raw mat ...
... coastline 89,000 km in length, Europe has an estimated coastal population of at least 200 million (Depledge et al., 2013) and in line with worldwide trends; population sizes along Europe's coasts are increasing. Global ecosystem services provided by the ocean, and on which we depend, include raw mat ...
Marine pollution
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Obvious_water_pollution.jpeg?width=300)
Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine pollution are land based. The pollution often comes from nonpoint sources such as agricultural runoff, wind-blown debris and dust. Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients. It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algae growth.Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthos animals, most of which are either deposit or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic.When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, as well as diseases, which can be harmful to humans as well as the entire food web.Toxic metals can also be introduced into marine food webs. These can cause a change to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction, and suppress growth in marine life. Also, many animal feeds have a high fish meal or fish hydrolysate content. In this way, marine toxins can be transferred to land animals, and appear later in meat and dairy products.