Hot, buoyant fluids laden with dissolved minerals billow out of... vents. The minerals precipitate when they hit cold seawater, creating
... So far, about 200 active vent fields have been found. Most would probably not be of much interest to the mining industry. “The vast majority of deposits are really small,” said German. Some, however, are fairly large. One at a site called “TAG” on the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the size of ...
... So far, about 200 active vent fields have been found. Most would probably not be of much interest to the mining industry. “The vast majority of deposits are really small,” said German. Some, however, are fairly large. One at a site called “TAG” on the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the size of ...
Untitled - International Seabed Authority
... mineral resources on land. The seabed of the Pacific basin and rim alone equals half of the world’s surface area, nearly half of which are in areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction of any State (the Area). The development of the marine mineral resources contained in this basin would signif ...
... mineral resources on land. The seabed of the Pacific basin and rim alone equals half of the world’s surface area, nearly half of which are in areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction of any State (the Area). The development of the marine mineral resources contained in this basin would signif ...
Achievements of Soviet Scientists in Investigations of the
... helminth fauna of other seals disclose their similarity to the species of the genus Phoca inhabiting the Asiatic sector of the northern Pacific and the Arctic and in. no way supports their similarity to the helminth fauna of the Caspian seal, Pusa caspica (Mozgovoy and Ryzhikov 1950; · Delamure et a ...
... helminth fauna of other seals disclose their similarity to the species of the genus Phoca inhabiting the Asiatic sector of the northern Pacific and the Arctic and in. no way supports their similarity to the helminth fauna of the Caspian seal, Pusa caspica (Mozgovoy and Ryzhikov 1950; · Delamure et a ...
Genomic and Metabolic Diversity of Marine Group I
... shallow marine samples and cultures were more distantly related to those from the dark ocean (Figure 1B). A total of nine phylotypes ($99% SSU rRNA similarity) were defined for MGI SAGs, and six phylotypes comprised of more than one sequence included SAGs from both ocean regions (Table S2). These re ...
... shallow marine samples and cultures were more distantly related to those from the dark ocean (Figure 1B). A total of nine phylotypes ($99% SSU rRNA similarity) were defined for MGI SAGs, and six phylotypes comprised of more than one sequence included SAGs from both ocean regions (Table S2). These re ...
Interocean Exchange of Thermocline Water - Lamont
... Indonesian seas and at the Agulhas retroflection may be particularly responsiveto such variability. Changesin the warn: water route continuitymay in turn influenceformation characteristics of NADW. ...
... Indonesian seas and at the Agulhas retroflection may be particularly responsiveto such variability. Changesin the warn: water route continuitymay in turn influenceformation characteristics of NADW. ...
PDF
... condition of reef environments that can relate data acquired through remote-sensing, water-quality and benthic-community monitoring to stress responses in reef organisms. A multi-level approach to monitoring and risk assessment of coral-reef resources is proposed that can provide managers with affor ...
... condition of reef environments that can relate data acquired through remote-sensing, water-quality and benthic-community monitoring to stress responses in reef organisms. A multi-level approach to monitoring and risk assessment of coral-reef resources is proposed that can provide managers with affor ...
Shelf Seas - International Arctic Science Committee
... be negligible. The particle flux, on the other hand, which usually increases with increasing primary production, is also strongly affected by biological species composition. Added to the marine production are terrestrially derived particles, some of which remain on the shelves and get buried in the ...
... be negligible. The particle flux, on the other hand, which usually increases with increasing primary production, is also strongly affected by biological species composition. Added to the marine production are terrestrially derived particles, some of which remain on the shelves and get buried in the ...
A View of Life
... Multicellularity Arises – Multicellularity arose approximately 1 billion years later (1.4 bya). Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
... Multicellularity Arises – Multicellularity arose approximately 1 billion years later (1.4 bya). Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
MBI1500173_PRF_EB
... Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in marine ecosystems. They are key components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans and thus sustain the benefits that humans obtain from these aquatic environments. However, some microalgal blooms can cause ...
... Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in marine ecosystems. They are key components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans and thus sustain the benefits that humans obtain from these aquatic environments. However, some microalgal blooms can cause ...
Expansion of oxygen minimum zones may reduce available habitat
... validated using electronic tagging data from 47 blue marlin. This phenomenon increases vulnerability to surface fishing gear for billfishes and tunas8,9 , and may be associated with a 10–50% worldwide decline of pelagic predator diversity10 . Further expansion of the Atlantic OMZ along with overfish ...
... validated using electronic tagging data from 47 blue marlin. This phenomenon increases vulnerability to surface fishing gear for billfishes and tunas8,9 , and may be associated with a 10–50% worldwide decline of pelagic predator diversity10 . Further expansion of the Atlantic OMZ along with overfish ...
Annual Report - Ministry of Earth Sciences
... Meteorological Department. In addition, the Earth System Organisation would have, at its Headquarters, the Ministry of Earth Sciences office and the Programme Offices for coordination among the constituent organisations and units engaged in similar work in other departments, academic institutions an ...
... Meteorological Department. In addition, the Earth System Organisation would have, at its Headquarters, the Ministry of Earth Sciences office and the Programme Offices for coordination among the constituent organisations and units engaged in similar work in other departments, academic institutions an ...
primary production methods - Center for Microbial Oceanography
... that respiration in the light equals that in the dark. As documented by Geider and Osborne in their 1992 monograph, this assumption does not generally hold, so errors in estimation of the respiratory component of Pg must be tolerated unless isotopically labelled oxygen is used (see below). Methods b ...
... that respiration in the light equals that in the dark. As documented by Geider and Osborne in their 1992 monograph, this assumption does not generally hold, so errors in estimation of the respiratory component of Pg must be tolerated unless isotopically labelled oxygen is used (see below). Methods b ...
Trace metal composition of suspended particulate matter in
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
Coral Health Index - Integration and Application Network
... grazing fish, so that fast-growing seaweeds can smother corals. Deforestation results in soil erosion into coastal waters, blocking light and smothering corals. Coastal development typically results in soil and nutrient inputs to reef habitats and can also lead to physical destruction of coral reefs ...
... grazing fish, so that fast-growing seaweeds can smother corals. Deforestation results in soil erosion into coastal waters, blocking light and smothering corals. Coastal development typically results in soil and nutrient inputs to reef habitats and can also lead to physical destruction of coral reefs ...
The New Paradox in Marine Scientific Research: Regulating
... “science, research, and teaching are free.” In other countries, the freedom of scientific re search may also be stated as a positive obligation to promote and support research.45 Individ ual scientists from countries that expressly guarantee scientific freedoms have certain legal rights to pursue ...
... “science, research, and teaching are free.” In other countries, the freedom of scientific re search may also be stated as a positive obligation to promote and support research.45 Individ ual scientists from countries that expressly guarantee scientific freedoms have certain legal rights to pursue ...
Microbial eukaryotic distribution in a dynamic Beaufort Sea and the
... global climate change, which influences water mass distribution, could be changed distributions of microbes as well as larger animals. The result may well be community changes and perhaps extinctions of local ecotypes and loss of their distinct genetic heritage. Small protists are key components of ...
... global climate change, which influences water mass distribution, could be changed distributions of microbes as well as larger animals. The result may well be community changes and perhaps extinctions of local ecotypes and loss of their distinct genetic heritage. Small protists are key components of ...
The Black Sea - European Environment Agency
... Seaweeds are represented by more than 200 species. The most diverse group is red algae. They are widespread in shallow waters up to depths of 60 to 80 m. Large algae are confined to a narrow zone in the periphery of the sea down to depths of 5 to 6 m. During the last two decades, the areas covered b ...
... Seaweeds are represented by more than 200 species. The most diverse group is red algae. They are widespread in shallow waters up to depths of 60 to 80 m. Large algae are confined to a narrow zone in the periphery of the sea down to depths of 5 to 6 m. During the last two decades, the areas covered b ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE
... squares (25° N to 40° N latitude) that overlapped the Sargasso Sea Alliance (SSA) study area. This analysis was subsequently expanded in Lockhurst. 2016 (in press) to include 4 additional squares between 20° N and 25° N latitude. All of these squares are exclusively in international waters with the ...
... squares (25° N to 40° N latitude) that overlapped the Sargasso Sea Alliance (SSA) study area. This analysis was subsequently expanded in Lockhurst. 2016 (in press) to include 4 additional squares between 20° N and 25° N latitude. All of these squares are exclusively in international waters with the ...
Brief Communication - Oceanographic Environmental Research
... and IL-5 are involved in the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and mast cells, which are implicated in innate immunity (33). As cetaceans share common characteristics in the structure, and possibly function, of cytokines with those of other mammals, cetacean ...
... and IL-5 are involved in the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and mast cells, which are implicated in innate immunity (33). As cetaceans share common characteristics in the structure, and possibly function, of cytokines with those of other mammals, cetacean ...
the seamounts of the gorringe bank
... metres in height and can consist of very different physical, geological and chemical properties. Therefore, seamounts can only exist where there are sea beds more than one kilometre deep, or, which is one and the same thing, over 60%–62% of the land surface1. There are also thousands of smaller elev ...
... metres in height and can consist of very different physical, geological and chemical properties. Therefore, seamounts can only exist where there are sea beds more than one kilometre deep, or, which is one and the same thing, over 60%–62% of the land surface1. There are also thousands of smaller elev ...
Software tools for automated recognition of plankton from digital
... Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR 7093, Villefranche sur Mer, F-06234 France : [email protected] Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche sur Mer, Station Zoologique BP 28, 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. School of Environmental Systems Engineering, The University of Western Aus ...
... Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR 7093, Villefranche sur Mer, F-06234 France : [email protected] Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche sur Mer, Station Zoologique BP 28, 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. School of Environmental Systems Engineering, The University of Western Aus ...
Marine debris: a global picture of the impact on
... packaging from barcodes (the first three letters indicate the manufacturing country). Using this approach, Santos et al. (2005) identified the sources of debris on beaches in Brazil. The Costa dos Coqueiros beaches yielded containers from diverse nations, see Figure 3. At the Asia Pacific Economic C ...
... packaging from barcodes (the first three letters indicate the manufacturing country). Using this approach, Santos et al. (2005) identified the sources of debris on beaches in Brazil. The Costa dos Coqueiros beaches yielded containers from diverse nations, see Figure 3. At the Asia Pacific Economic C ...
Effects of surface current–wind interaction in an
... drives the general oceanic circulation (Stommel, 1957) and it is key to our understanding of how energy is transferred into the interior ocean (e.g. Roquet et al., 2011). Ekman pumping depends on the curl of the wind stress, which is composed of spatial derivatives – and thus comes the relevance of ...
... drives the general oceanic circulation (Stommel, 1957) and it is key to our understanding of how energy is transferred into the interior ocean (e.g. Roquet et al., 2011). Ekman pumping depends on the curl of the wind stress, which is composed of spatial derivatives – and thus comes the relevance of ...
Observed development of the vertical structure of the marine
... development of parameterizations of the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers and their interaction. Therefore, the LASIE campaign was designed to provide one of the few comprehensive air-sea measurement campaigns carried out in the Mediterranean Sea area, which plays a crucial role as source of e ...
... development of parameterizations of the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers and their interaction. Therefore, the LASIE campaign was designed to provide one of the few comprehensive air-sea measurement campaigns carried out in the Mediterranean Sea area, which plays a crucial role as source of e ...
Meteorology TEST - Partners4results
... crew of scientists to every ocean except the Artic. Throughout the voyage, they sampled various ocean properties. They measured water depth by lowering a long, weighted line overboard. Today’s technology – particularly sonar, satellites, and submersibles – allows scientists to study the ocean floor ...
... crew of scientists to every ocean except the Artic. Throughout the voyage, they sampled various ocean properties. They measured water depth by lowering a long, weighted line overboard. Today’s technology – particularly sonar, satellites, and submersibles – allows scientists to study the ocean floor ...
Marine biology
Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifies species based on the environment rather than on taxonomy. Marine biology differs from marine ecology as marine ecology is focused on how organisms interact with each other and the environment, while biology is the study of the organisms themselves.A large proportion of all life on Earth lives in the ocean. Exactly how large the proportion is unknown, since many ocean species are still to be discovered. The ocean is a complex three-dimensional world covering about 71% of the Earth's surface. The habitats studied in marine biology include everything from the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of the oceanic trenches, sometimes 10,000 meters or more beneath the surface of the ocean. Specific habitats include coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, the surrounds of seamounts and thermal vents, tidepools, muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and the open ocean (pelagic) zone, where solid objects are rare and the surface of the water is the only visible boundary. The organisms studied range from microscopic phytoplankton and zooplankton to huge cetaceans (whales) 30 meters (98 feet) in length.Marine life is a vast resource, providing food, medicine, and raw materials, in addition to helping to support recreation and tourism all over the world. At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Marine organisms contribute significantly to the oxygen cycle, and are involved in the regulation of the Earth's climate. Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.Many species are economically important to humans, including food fish (both finfish and shellfish). It is also becoming understood that the well-being of marine organisms and other organisms are linked in very fundamental ways. The human body of knowledge regarding the relationship between life in the sea and important cycles is rapidly growing, with new discoveries being made nearly every day. These cycles include those of matter (such as the carbon cycle) and of air (such as Earth's respiration, and movement of energy through ecosystems including the ocean). Large areas beneath the ocean surface still remain effectively unexplored.