Deep ocean ventilation, carbon isotopes, marine sedimentation and
... implied changes in marine sediment formation. For this purpose, we use the global coarse-resolution 3-D Bern3D+C ocean model (Müller et al., 2006; Tschumi et al., 2008), which is coupled to a spatially-resolved dynamic model for marine sediment formation (Tschumi, 2009). This modelling framework al ...
... implied changes in marine sediment formation. For this purpose, we use the global coarse-resolution 3-D Bern3D+C ocean model (Müller et al., 2006; Tschumi et al., 2008), which is coupled to a spatially-resolved dynamic model for marine sediment formation (Tschumi, 2009). This modelling framework al ...
Environmental Performance of Marine Net
... is well established in Maine and Washington, which have correspondingly well-developed regulatory programs to authorize and oversee these operations. For example, Washington State laws and regulations specic to marine aquaculture give the Washington Department of Ecology and W ...
... is well established in Maine and Washington, which have correspondingly well-developed regulatory programs to authorize and oversee these operations. For example, Washington State laws and regulations specic to marine aquaculture give the Washington Department of Ecology and W ...
3.8 Marine Invertebrates
... invertebrates are evaluated based on their distribution and life history relative to the stressor or activity being considered. Activities are evaluated for their potential impact on marine invertebrates in general, and are evaluated by taxonomic and regulatory groupings as appropriate. Invertebrate ...
... invertebrates are evaluated based on their distribution and life history relative to the stressor or activity being considered. Activities are evaluated for their potential impact on marine invertebrates in general, and are evaluated by taxonomic and regulatory groupings as appropriate. Invertebrate ...
Phanerozoic environments of black shale deposition
... three depositional models that do not capture their complexity and dynamics. These three models, the restricted circulation, the (open) ocean oxygen minimum and the continental shelf models, are an oversimplification of the variety of black shale depositional environments that arise and coexist thro ...
... three depositional models that do not capture their complexity and dynamics. These three models, the restricted circulation, the (open) ocean oxygen minimum and the continental shelf models, are an oversimplification of the variety of black shale depositional environments that arise and coexist thro ...
document
... bottom-trawling that has adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including seamounts, hydrothermal vents and cold-water corals located beyond national jurisdiction, until such time as appropriate conservation and management measures have been adopted in accordance with international law.”8 ...
... bottom-trawling that has adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems, including seamounts, hydrothermal vents and cold-water corals located beyond national jurisdiction, until such time as appropriate conservation and management measures have been adopted in accordance with international law.”8 ...
Ocean Storage of CO2
... the deep ocean, focusing on direct-injection strategies that could be applied on an industrial scale. There are several reasons for considering the deep ocean as a sink for anthropogenic CO2. First, the ocean has a vast uptake capacity. It currently contains an estimated 40,000 Gt C (billion tons of ...
... the deep ocean, focusing on direct-injection strategies that could be applied on an industrial scale. There are several reasons for considering the deep ocean as a sink for anthropogenic CO2. First, the ocean has a vast uptake capacity. It currently contains an estimated 40,000 Gt C (billion tons of ...
Biodiversity Series Background Document for Loggerhead turtle
... Ireland); www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk (Cornwall & Devon Wildlife Trust, UK; www.aquariumlarochelle.com (France)). The coastal bias probably reflects the ‘distribution of observers rather than turtles’ as it is very probable that loggerheads occur further offshore. The vast majority of loggerhea ...
... Ireland); www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk (Cornwall & Devon Wildlife Trust, UK; www.aquariumlarochelle.com (France)). The coastal bias probably reflects the ‘distribution of observers rather than turtles’ as it is very probable that loggerheads occur further offshore. The vast majority of loggerhea ...
Deep-Sea Corals: Special Issue of Current, the Journal of Marine
... fans. At the same time, for many, the deep sea brings up images of sand ripples, mud plains, and boulder fields. But nothing could be further from the truth. Recent technological advances have provided marine scientists with unprecedented opportunities to study the seafloor beyond the limited depths ...
... fans. At the same time, for many, the deep sea brings up images of sand ripples, mud plains, and boulder fields. But nothing could be further from the truth. Recent technological advances have provided marine scientists with unprecedented opportunities to study the seafloor beyond the limited depths ...
Unexpected prevalence of parasite 18S rDNA sequences in winter
... and whales (Huntley et al., 1991). More recently, the roles of smaller phytoplankton, microzooplankton, bacteria and the ensuing microbial loop have been increasingly recognized (Garrison, 1991; Sailley et al., 2013). Alternative carbon pathways to the diatom–krill–penguin model are thought to be pa ...
... and whales (Huntley et al., 1991). More recently, the roles of smaller phytoplankton, microzooplankton, bacteria and the ensuing microbial loop have been increasingly recognized (Garrison, 1991; Sailley et al., 2013). Alternative carbon pathways to the diatom–krill–penguin model are thought to be pa ...
The Lawless Sea? Policy Options for Voluntary Compliance
... do so; and last, that as with all international agreements, all parties must voluntarily cooperate in joint management, abide by the rules of exploitation and support mechanisms to restrict new entrants into the fishery. They see the need for a single policy-maker, such as a tuna commission, to set ...
... do so; and last, that as with all international agreements, all parties must voluntarily cooperate in joint management, abide by the rules of exploitation and support mechanisms to restrict new entrants into the fishery. They see the need for a single policy-maker, such as a tuna commission, to set ...
Nowhere Else on Earth
... subantarctic species that are absent or rare on mainland Australian shores and include some of the largest and fastest growing marine plants in the world; • A location within a temperate marine region that has been geographically and climatically isolated from other temperate systems for around 65 ...
... subantarctic species that are absent or rare on mainland Australian shores and include some of the largest and fastest growing marine plants in the world; • A location within a temperate marine region that has been geographically and climatically isolated from other temperate systems for around 65 ...
Understanding the Fragmentation Pattern of
... Plastic debris from several tens of centimeters to micrometers © 2016 American Chemical Society ...
... Plastic debris from several tens of centimeters to micrometers © 2016 American Chemical Society ...
Empirical relationship for marine primary production : the
... between assimilation number, based on hourly estimates at discrete depths, and productivity ratios, based on integrated daily estimates. Based on the r 2 criterion, the general fit of our equation is Jess those previously reported (Tab. 3). As this variability could be due to differences among the v ...
... between assimilation number, based on hourly estimates at discrete depths, and productivity ratios, based on integrated daily estimates. Based on the r 2 criterion, the general fit of our equation is Jess those previously reported (Tab. 3). As this variability could be due to differences among the v ...
Protecting the Deep Sea Under International Law
... Legal Options for Addressing High Seas Bottom Trawling Table of Contents The Additional Objections: The Lack of Scientific Knowledge ...
... Legal Options for Addressing High Seas Bottom Trawling Table of Contents The Additional Objections: The Lack of Scientific Knowledge ...
Reports - geo
... all of these will result in new governance mechanism. In conclusion, there is a need to shift from project-based observations to long-term time-series observations, to ensure full and open exchange of data, and to better coordinate projects and initiatives to ensure that they converge in meeting soc ...
... all of these will result in new governance mechanism. In conclusion, there is a need to shift from project-based observations to long-term time-series observations, to ensure full and open exchange of data, and to better coordinate projects and initiatives to ensure that they converge in meeting soc ...
QUALITY INFORMATION DOCUMENT For Global Biogeochemical
... The quality of the global biogeochemical system has been assessed using a seven-year hindcast (years 2007-2013). For bias computation, we adopt the following convention: model – observation. The headline results for each of the variables assessed are as follows: Chlorophyll: At sea surface, modelled ...
... The quality of the global biogeochemical system has been assessed using a seven-year hindcast (years 2007-2013). For bias computation, we adopt the following convention: model – observation. The headline results for each of the variables assessed are as follows: Chlorophyll: At sea surface, modelled ...
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO: annual
... and better ocean and climate services will require changes of the procedures for adoption of the new technologies that allow improved observation of the oceans. We have a clear challenge in finding the way to develop the ocean observation systems, with free data exchange which will allow new, better, ...
... and better ocean and climate services will require changes of the procedures for adoption of the new technologies that allow improved observation of the oceans. We have a clear challenge in finding the way to develop the ocean observation systems, with free data exchange which will allow new, better, ...
Marine litter in Nordic waters
... better facilities for reception, treatment and disposal facilities for waste have been established in the recent decades, especially in the more industrialized countries. Plastic waste materials are of special concern, as plastic items are highly persistent and compose the dominating category of mar ...
... better facilities for reception, treatment and disposal facilities for waste have been established in the recent decades, especially in the more industrialized countries. Plastic waste materials are of special concern, as plastic items are highly persistent and compose the dominating category of mar ...
Memorandum on China`s Measures for Addressing Sea Level Change
... and the Zhujiang estuary. Moreover, sea level rise aggravates the influence of coastal storm surge, and affects local sustainable development in addition to people’s daily lives. ...
... and the Zhujiang estuary. Moreover, sea level rise aggravates the influence of coastal storm surge, and affects local sustainable development in addition to people’s daily lives. ...
The deep-sea floor ecosystem - School of Ocean and Earth Science
... The goal of this paper is to review current impacts of human activities on the deep-sea floor ecosystem, and to predict anthropogenic changes to this ecosystem by the year 2025. The deep-sea floor ecosystem is one of the largest on the planet, covering roughly 60% of the Earth’s solid surface. Despi ...
... The goal of this paper is to review current impacts of human activities on the deep-sea floor ecosystem, and to predict anthropogenic changes to this ecosystem by the year 2025. The deep-sea floor ecosystem is one of the largest on the planet, covering roughly 60% of the Earth’s solid surface. Despi ...
Marine Litter in Nordic waters
... better facilities for reception, treatment and disposal facilities for waste have been established in the recent decades, especially in the more industrialized countries. Plastic waste materials are of special concern, as plastic items are highly persistent and compose the dominating category of mar ...
... better facilities for reception, treatment and disposal facilities for waste have been established in the recent decades, especially in the more industrialized countries. Plastic waste materials are of special concern, as plastic items are highly persistent and compose the dominating category of mar ...
Marine biology
Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifies species based on the environment rather than on taxonomy. Marine biology differs from marine ecology as marine ecology is focused on how organisms interact with each other and the environment, while biology is the study of the organisms themselves.A large proportion of all life on Earth lives in the ocean. Exactly how large the proportion is unknown, since many ocean species are still to be discovered. The ocean is a complex three-dimensional world covering about 71% of the Earth's surface. The habitats studied in marine biology include everything from the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of the oceanic trenches, sometimes 10,000 meters or more beneath the surface of the ocean. Specific habitats include coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, the surrounds of seamounts and thermal vents, tidepools, muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and the open ocean (pelagic) zone, where solid objects are rare and the surface of the water is the only visible boundary. The organisms studied range from microscopic phytoplankton and zooplankton to huge cetaceans (whales) 30 meters (98 feet) in length.Marine life is a vast resource, providing food, medicine, and raw materials, in addition to helping to support recreation and tourism all over the world. At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Marine organisms contribute significantly to the oxygen cycle, and are involved in the regulation of the Earth's climate. Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.Many species are economically important to humans, including food fish (both finfish and shellfish). It is also becoming understood that the well-being of marine organisms and other organisms are linked in very fundamental ways. The human body of knowledge regarding the relationship between life in the sea and important cycles is rapidly growing, with new discoveries being made nearly every day. These cycles include those of matter (such as the carbon cycle) and of air (such as Earth's respiration, and movement of energy through ecosystems including the ocean). Large areas beneath the ocean surface still remain effectively unexplored.