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... 4.557 trillion in 2011, or 10.4% up from the previous year, or 9.7% as a proportion of GDP. The added value stemmed from the marine industry accounted for RMB 2.6508 trillion, and from marine-related industries RMB 1.9062 trillion. The first, secondary, and tertiary marine industries claimed a propo ...
Environmental Problems
Environmental Problems

... ocean surface waters – Melting of land glaciers and ice caps – Thermal expansion of deep-ocean waters © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
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2- MARINE ORGANISMS

... The oceans are representing the largest living space on the planet today and throughout Earth's history. The creatures that inhabit the wide sea are diverse in both shape and form. The oceans and the coastal seas provide a complex variety of environments for living organisms. At the surface, conditi ...
The California Current - Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences
The California Current - Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences

... growth, revealing the fertility of coastal waters. Tiny plants known as phytoplankton form the base of the food web, providing food for microscopic animals that in turn provide food for larger animals. Source: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University ...
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SOL 5.6 Interrelationships in Earth/Space Systems (Oceans)

... Sunlight passes through the water to light up part of the ocean. As you go deeper into the ocean, the light gets dimmer and dimmer. This makes the deep ocean darker and darker. Sunlight also helps warm the upper layers of the ocean. As you go deeper into the dark parts of the ocean, it also becomes ...
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the Report

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Introduction To Marine Biology

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GREAT BARRIER REEF DAMAGED

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Global Microscope Presentation

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Quiz 2 - Study Guidelines Study Outline

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... Behind the Numbers  Over the latter half of the 20th century, scientists estimate that more than 90% of the energy gained by the biosphere as a result of human activities has accumulated in the ocean.  How much the ocean warms can vary greatly from year to year despite steadily increasing greenho ...
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... y. Bar-built estuary z. Tectonic estuary 22. In which type of estuary does the upper layer have a horizontal gradient from head to mouth? w. Slightly stratified x. Highly stratified y. Salt wedge z. X and y 23. In which type of estuary does a prominent halocline exist? w. Slightly stratified x. High ...
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Ocean Landforms - Net Start Class

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November 2013 Newsletter

... This is Ari Panjanadum, one of the teachers of the Mauritius Marine Guide Programme. Ari is living in Pointe d'Esny since 1990. He is a professional primary school teacher working in a French school. His qualifications are British Sub Aquatic Club (BS-AC) Advanced Diver, Advanced Scuba Diving Instru ...
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Marine biology



Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifies species based on the environment rather than on taxonomy. Marine biology differs from marine ecology as marine ecology is focused on how organisms interact with each other and the environment, while biology is the study of the organisms themselves.A large proportion of all life on Earth lives in the ocean. Exactly how large the proportion is unknown, since many ocean species are still to be discovered. The ocean is a complex three-dimensional world covering about 71% of the Earth's surface. The habitats studied in marine biology include everything from the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of the oceanic trenches, sometimes 10,000 meters or more beneath the surface of the ocean. Specific habitats include coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, the surrounds of seamounts and thermal vents, tidepools, muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and the open ocean (pelagic) zone, where solid objects are rare and the surface of the water is the only visible boundary. The organisms studied range from microscopic phytoplankton and zooplankton to huge cetaceans (whales) 30 meters (98 feet) in length.Marine life is a vast resource, providing food, medicine, and raw materials, in addition to helping to support recreation and tourism all over the world. At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Marine organisms contribute significantly to the oxygen cycle, and are involved in the regulation of the Earth's climate. Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.Many species are economically important to humans, including food fish (both finfish and shellfish). It is also becoming understood that the well-being of marine organisms and other organisms are linked in very fundamental ways. The human body of knowledge regarding the relationship between life in the sea and important cycles is rapidly growing, with new discoveries being made nearly every day. These cycles include those of matter (such as the carbon cycle) and of air (such as Earth's respiration, and movement of energy through ecosystems including the ocean). Large areas beneath the ocean surface still remain effectively unexplored.
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